Wanjiwalku Explained
The Wanjiwalku were an indigenous Australian people of the state of New South Wales.
Language
Norman Tindale, who had worked intensely with his informant George Dutton on the Wanjiwalku language, argued that, though separate tribes, both the Wanjiwalku and their western neighbours, the Malyangapa, spoke the same dialect. Later studies by Luise Hercus and Peter Austin have determined that Wanjiwalku was a dialect of Paakantyi, while Malyangapa was morphological almost identical to the language spoken by the Yardliyawara, and to be classified as a member of the Yarli dialect cluster.
Country
The Wanjiwalku were estimated by Tindale to have had around 8000mi2 of tribal land extending from the vicinity of Milparinka to White Cliffs, and running east from close to Mount Arrowsmith as far as the area near Tongo Lake. Their lands took in Yancannia and the area east of Lake Bancannia.
Edward Micklethwaite Curr describing the tough environment of Wanjiwalku lands wrote that the earliest white explorer Charles Sturt almost expired there:-
The country of the Pono forms a portion of the interior traversed by Captain Sturt in 1845 and described in such dismal colours as destined to be for ever uninhabitable by civilized people. It was here that, living in an underground room as a protection against the intense heat, his nails ceased to grow; the hairs of his head split at the end; Lucifer matches dropped, from the hand, light of themselves on reaching the ground, and so on; and yet this country has been found for several years to make good sheep-runs.
Alternative names
- Weyneubulkoo
- Wonipalku
- Wanyabalku
- Wonjimalku
- Pono
- Pernowie, Pernowrie
- Kongait
- Tongaranka
Some words
- (kangaroo)
- (tame dog)
- (wild dog)
- (father)
- (mother)
- (white man)
See also
Notes
Citations
Sources
- Book: The Yarli Languages . Austin . Peter . Hercus . Luise . Peter Austin (linguist) . Luise Hercus . 2004 . Australian Languages: Classification and the comparative method . Bowern . Claire . Claire Bowern . Koch . Harold . . https://books.google.com/books?id=rmvmCvs9zQcC&pg=PA207 . 207–222 . 978-9-027-29511-8 .
- The Sacred Marriage of a Hindu Goddess . Bolle . Kees W. . Kees W. Bolle . Harman . William P. . Journal of the American Oriental Society . July–September 1992 . 112 . 3 . 512 . 10.2307/603106 . 0003-0279 . 603106 .
- On Some Customs of the Aborigines of the River Darling, New South Wales . Bonney . Frederic . Frederic Bonney . . 1884 . 13 . 122–137 . 10.2307/2841717 . 2841717 .
- Book: Crozier, H . Evelyn Creek . 1886 . The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent . Curr . Edward Micklethwaite . Edward Micklethwaite Curr . J. Ferres . Melbourne . 2 . 152–155 . https://archive.org/download/cu31924026093827/cu31924026093827.pdf .
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- Group divisions and initiation ceremonies of the Barkungee tribes . Mathews . R. H. . Robert Hamilton Mathews . . 1898b . 32 . 241–255 . 10.5962/p.359301 . free .
- Initiation Ceremonies of Australian Tribes . Mathews . R. H. . Robert Hamilton Mathews . . January 1898a . 37 . 157 . 54–73 . 983694 .
- Four Thousand Years Ago Indians Landed in Australia . Morris . Lulu . . 19 May 2017 . 5 May 2019 .
- Book: Morton, A. W. . Near the North-west corner of New South Wales . 1886 . The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent . Curr . Edward Micklethwaite . Edward Micklethwaite Curr . J. Ferres . Melbourne . 2 . 158–161 . https://archive.org/download/cu31924026093827/cu31924026093827.pdf .
- Web site: Mycenaean Greece: Linear B . Foundation of the Hellenic World . 5 May 2019 . .
- Parkengees, or aboriginal tribes on the Darling River . Newland . Simpson . Simpson Newland . . 1887–1888 . 2 . 20–32 . PDF .
- Book: Newland, Simpson . Memoirs of Simpson Newland . 1926 . Simpson Newland . F.W. Preech and Sons . Adelaide .
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. Neither Sinhala nor Tamil-On Being a South Asian in Sri Lanka . The Sri Lanka Reader . Duke University Press . 23 March 2011 . 680–686 . 10.1215/9780822394051-093 . 978-0822394051 .
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- Book: Daniélou, Alain . Spieth Weissenbacher . Christiane . Gribenski . Jean . Oxford University Press . Oxford Music Online . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.07176 .
- Book: Tindale, Norman Barnett . Wanjiwalku (NSW) . 1974 . Norman Tindale . Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names . . http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/wanjiwalku.htm . 978-0-708-10741-6 .