Wanaque, New Jersey Explained

Wanaque, New Jersey
Settlement Type:Borough
Mapsize:250x200px
Image Map1:Census_Bureau_map_of_Wanaque,_New_Jersey.png
Mapsize1:250x200px
Map Caption1:Census Bureau map of Wanaque, New Jersey
Pushpin Map:USA New Jersey Passaic County#USA New Jersey#USA
Pushpin Label:Wanaque
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Passaic County##Location in New Jersey##Location in the United States
Pushpin Relief:yes
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: United States
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2:Passaic
Government Type:Borough
Governing Body:Borough Council
Leader Title:Mayor
Leader Name:Daniel Mahler (R, term ends December 31, 2026)[1]
Leader Title1:Administrator
Leader Name1:Paul M. Carelli[2]
Leader Title2:Municipal clerk
Leader Name2:Katherine J. Falone
Established Title:Incorporated
Established Date:March 22, 1918
Unit Pref:Imperial
Area Footnotes:[3]
Area Total Km2:24.15
Area Land Km2:20.88
Area Water Km2:3.26
Area Total Sq Mi:9.32
Area Land Sq Mi:8.06
Area Water Sq Mi:1.26
Area Water Percent:13.50
Area Rank:215th of 565 in state
5th of 16 in county[4]
Population As Of:2020
Population Total:11317
Population Rank:220th of 565 in state
10th of 16 in county[5]
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Density Sq Mi:1403.0
Population Density Rank:345th of 565 in state
13th of 16 in county
Population Est:11048
Pop Est As Of:2023
Timezone:Eastern (EST)
Utc Offset:−05:00
Timezone Dst:Eastern (EDT)
Utc Offset Dst:−04:00
Elevation Footnotes:[6]
Elevation Ft:220
Coordinates Footnotes:[7]
Coordinates:41.0424°N -74.2886°W
Postal Code Type:ZIP Code
Postal Code:07420 – Haskell[8]
07465 – Wanaque[9]
Area Code:973 Exchanges: 248, 616, 831, 835, 839[10]
Blank Name:FIPS code
Blank Info:3403176730[11] [12]
Blank1 Name:GNIS feature ID
Blank1 Info:0885431[13]

Wanaque [14] [15] [16] is a borough in Passaic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 11,317, an increase of 201 (+1.8%) from the 2010 census count of 11,116, which in turn reflected an increase of 850 (+8.3%) from the 10,266 counted in the 2000 census.[17]

History

Wanaque was incorporated as an independent borough on February 23, 1918, when Pompton Township was split up into three boroughs, along with Bloomingdale and Ringwood, and affirmed by a referendum held on March 22, 1918.[18] The borough's name Wanaque (original pronunciation 'Wa Na Kee') is thought to have been derived from a Lenni Lenape Native American word meaning "land of sassafras".[19] [20] [21]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 9.33 square miles (24.15 km2), including 8.07 square miles (20.89 km2) of land and 1.26 square miles (3.26 km2) of water (13.50%).[4]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the borough include Haskell, Lake Inez, Lake Washington, Meadow Brook Lake, Midvale, Ramapo Lake, Rotten Pond, Stephens Lake and Upper Midvale.[22]

Both Wanaque (formerly Midvale) and Haskell have their own ZIP Codes and are served by separate post offices.

The borough borders the municipalities of Bloomingdale, Pompton Lakes and Ringwood in Passaic County; and Oakland in Bergen County.[23] [24] [25]

Demographics

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 11,116 people, 4,018 households, and 3,026 families in the borough. The population density was 1,391.2 per square mile (537.1/km2). There were 4,184 housing units at an average density of 523.7 per square mile (202.2/km2). The racial makeup was 87.48% (9,724) White, 3.07% (341) Black or African American, 0.40% (45) Native American, 4.65% (517) Asian, 0.01% (1) Pacific Islander, 2.25% (250) from other races, and 2.14% (238) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.67% (1,075) of the population.

Of the 4,018 households, 30.7% had children under the age of 18; 61.1% were married couples living together; 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present and 24.7% were non-families. Of all households, 20.0% were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.07.

20.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.8 years. For every 100 females, the population had 91.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 90.2 males.

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $89,459 (with a margin of error of +/− $5,457) and the median family income was $98,081 (+/− $7,333). Males had a median income of $62,454 (+/− $4,289) versus $49,421 (+/− $6,017) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $37,579 (+/− $3,293). About 1.0% of families and 2.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 0.8% of those age 65 or over.[26]

Same-sex couples headed 20 households in 2010, a decline from the 22 counted in 2000.[27]

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States census there were 10,266 people, 3,444 households, and 2,689 families residing in the borough. The population density was 1286.8sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 3,500 housing units at an average density of 438.7sp=usNaNsp=us. The racial makeup of the borough was 90.67% White, 1.51% African American, 0.34% Native American, 3.62% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.06% from other races, and 1.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.40% of the population.[28] [29]

There were 3,444 households, out of which 37.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.2% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.9% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86 and the average family size was 3.23.[28] [29]

In the borough the population was spread out, with 24.4% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.[28] [29]

The median income for a household in the borough was $66,113, and the median income for a family was $71,127. Males had a median income of $43,675 versus $33,380 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $25,403. About 2.6% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.5% of those under age 18 and 4.1% of those age 65 or over.[28] [29]

Law and government

Local government

Wanaque is governed under the borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 564) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey.[30] The governing body is comprised of the mayor and the borough council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. The mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The borough council includes six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle.[31] The borough form of government used by Wanaque is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.[32] [33]

, the mayor of Wanaque Borough is Republican Daniel Mahler, whose term of office ends December 31, 2026. Members of the Borough Council are Thomas Balunis (R, 2024), Dominick Cortellessa (R, 2025), Edward Leonard (R, 2025), Donald Pasquariello (R, 2023), Bridget A. Pasznik (R, 2024), and Robert Pettet (R, 2023).[34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39]

Federal, state, and county representation

Wanaque is located in the 5th Congressional District[40] and is part of New Jersey's 26th state legislative district.[41]

Politics

As of March 2011, there were a total of 7,085 registered voters in Wanaque, of which 1,646 (23.2% vs. 31.0% countywide) were registered as Democrats, 2,191 (30.9% vs. 18.7%) were registered as Republicans and 3,243 (45.8% vs. 50.3%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 5 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens.[42] Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 63.7% (vs. 53.2% in Passaic County) were registered to vote, including 80.3% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 70.8% countywide).[42] [43]

In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 51.7% of the vote (2,633 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 47.2% (2,400 votes), and other candidates with 1.1% (55 votes), among the 5,132 ballots cast by the borough's 7,472 registered voters (44 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 68.7%.[44] [45] In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 2,798 votes (52.1% vs. 37.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 2,428 votes (45.2% vs. 58.8%) and other candidates with 46 votes (0.9% vs. 0.8%), among the 5,374 ballots cast by the borough's 7,117 registered voters, for a turnout of 75.5% (vs. 70.4% in Passaic County).[46] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 2,452 votes (55.1% vs. 42.7% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 1,876 votes (42.1% vs. 53.9%) and other candidates with 39 votes (0.9% vs. 0.7%), among the 4,451 ballots cast by the borough's 6,132 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.6% (vs. 69.3% in the whole county).[47]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 66.1% of the vote (2,107 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 32.7% (1,042 votes), and other candidates with 1.2% (38 votes), among the 3,235 ballots cast by the borough's 7,614 registered voters (48 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 42.5%.[48] [49] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 1,802 votes (53.1% vs. 43.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 1,338 votes (39.4% vs. 50.8%), Independent Chris Daggett with 194 votes (5.7% vs. 3.8%) and other candidates with 34 votes (1.0% vs. 0.9%), among the 3,396 ballots cast by the borough's 6,887 registered voters, yielding a 49.3% turnout (vs. 42.7% in the county).[50]

Education

The Wanaque Borough Schools serves students in public school for pre-kindergarten through eighth grade.[51] As of the 2021–22 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 861 students and 92.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.4:1.[52] Schools in the district (with 2021–22 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[53]) areHaskell Elementary School[54] 367 students in grades PreK–8 and Wanaque Elementary School[55] 484 students in grades PreK–8.[56] [57] [58]

Students in public school for ninth through twelfth grades attend Lakeland Regional High School, which serves students from the Boroughs of Ringwood and Wanaque. The high school is located in Wanaque and is part of the Lakeland Regional High School District.[59] [60] As of the 2021–22 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 902 students and 81.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.0:1.[61]

Wanaque is the site of Passaic County Community College's Wanaque Academic Center.[62]

Transportation

Roads and highways

, the borough had a total of of roadways, of which were maintained by the municipality, by Passaic County and by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[63]

Several major roadways traverse through the borough.[64] Interstate 287 passes through Wanaque for, where it is accessible at Exit 55,[65] near the intersection of Union and Ringwood Avenues (County Route 511).[66]

Public transportation

NJ Transit provides bus service to and from the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 197 route.[67] [68]

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Wanaque include:

Points of interest

Elks Camp Moore is an Elks accredited summer overnight camp for children with special needs. The camp was founded in 1971 and includes many activities for the children such as a swimming pool, three playgrounds, a small playing field, a recreation hall, and rooms that house other fun activities. The campers stay for one week from Sunday until Saturday. Each week, 75 campers attend the camp and are assigned to their own counselor. The camp is wheelchair accessible since handicapped children also attend the camp. The camp is located high on top of a mountain overlooking Route 287 in Haskell. Admission is free for the campers, and the camp is funded in part by local New Jersey Elks lodges.[77]

External links

Notes and References

  1. https://www.state.nj.us/dca/home/2023mayors.pdf 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory
  2. https://www.wanaqueborough.com/clerk Municipal Clerk / Administration Office
  3. Web site: ArcGIS REST Services Directory. United States Census Bureau. October 11, 2022.
  4. https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_cousubs_34.txt 2019 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey Places
  5. https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/dmograph/est/mcd/density.xlsx Population Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2020 and 2021
  6. , Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 14, 2013.
  7. https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990
  8. http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=0&city=haskell&state=NJ Look Up a ZIP Code for Haskell, NJ
  9. http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=0&city=wanaque&state=NJ Look Up a ZIP Code for Wanaque, NJ
  10. http://www.area-codes.com/search.asp?frmNPA=&frmNXX=&frmState=NJ&frmCity=Wanaque Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Wanaque, NJ
  11. https://www.census.gov U.S. Census website
  12. https://mcdc.missouri.edu/applications/geocodes/?state=34 Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey
  13. http://geonames.usgs.gov US Board on Geographic Names
  14. Hanley, Robert. "Full and Not at All: The Difference Between 2 New Jersey Reservoirs", The New York Times, March 5, 2002. Accessed November 19, 2018. "The primary reason is that the Wanaque (pronounced WAHN-a-cue or wa-NOCK-ee) is now supplemented by a new reservoir and pumping stations built after the 1980's drought. Yet despite those projects, trouble is looming again."
  15. Gansberg, Martin. "For Wanaque, Growth Is a Problem", The New York Times, May 27, 1973. Accessed June 26, 2017. "Wanaque-The first thing that one discovers on entering this Passaic County community is that the 9,500 residents cannot agree on the pronunciation of the name of their hometown. Longtime residents use the old Indian WA-NAH-KEY when they refer to the borough, while new homeowners call it WA-NAH-CUE."
  16. Melisurgo, Len. "Here's the right way to pronounce 25 N.J. town names everyone botches", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, June 25, 2017. Accessed June 26, 2017. "Wanaque (Passaic County)Some locals say this town is pronounced WAHN-a-cue, and others say it’s WAHN-a-key. The first one is correct."
  17. https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2010/2010data/table7cm.xls Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010
  18. Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 211. Accessed May 30, 2024.
  19. http://www.wanaqueborough.com/archive/lenape.htm Wanaque Area Local History
  20. Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed October 20, 2015.
  21. [Henry Gannett|Gannett, Henry]
  22. http://www.state.nj.us/infobank/localnames.txt Locality Search
  23. https://global.mapit.mysociety.org/area/1010613/touches.html Areas touching Wanaque
  24. http://chnj.njpn.org/passaic-county/ Passaic County Map
  25. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/gis/maps/polnoroads.pdf New Jersey Municipal Boundaries
  26. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0600000US3403176730 DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Wanaque borough, Passaic County, New Jersey
  27. Lipman, Harvy; and Sheingold, Dave. "North Jersey sees 30% growth in same-sex couples", The Record, August 14, 2011, backed up by the Internet Archive as of February 3, 2013. Accessed October 29, 2014.
  28. http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/1603476730.pdf Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Wanaque borough, New Jersey
  29. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/DP1/0600000US3403176730 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Wanaque borough, Passaic County, New Jersey
  30. https://njdatabook.rutgers.edu/sites/njdatabook.rutgers.edu/files/documents/inventory_of_municipal_forms_of_government_in_new_jersey.pdf Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey
  31. 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 169.
  32. Cerra, Michael F. "Forms of Government: Everything You've Always Wanted to Know, But Were Afraid to Ask", New Jersey State League of Municipalities. Accessed November 30, 2014.
  33. https://njdatabook.rutgers.edu/sites/njdatabook.rutgers.edu/files/documents/forms_of_municipal_government_in_new_jersey_9220.pdf#page=6 "Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey"
  34. https://www.wanaqueborough.com/mayor_council Mayor and Council
  35. https://www.wanaqueborough.com/vertical/sites/%7B685BAF4D-C434-4DFB-94F4-1C8D180E9776%7D/uploads/2022_Municipal_Budget_(Introduced)_-_signed_copy.pdf#page=10 2022 Municipal Data Sheet
  36. https://www.passaiccountynj.org/home/showpublisheddocument/5705/638004837984030000#page=78 Passaic County 2022 Directory
  37. https://www.passaiccountynj.org/home/showpublisheddocument/6026/638060192685700000 2022 General Election November 8, 2022 Summary Report Passaic County Official Results
  38. https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/NJ/Passaic/111517/web.278093/#/summary 2021 General Election November 2, 2021 Official Results
  39. https://www.passaiccountynj.org/home/showpublisheddocument/3378/637678115691870000 November 3, 2020 Summary Report Official Results
  40. https://www.njredistrictingcommission.org/documents/2021/Data2021/Plan%20Components.pdf 2022 Redistricting Plan
  41. https://pub.njleg.gov/publications/pdf/2023-NJ-Leg-District-Map.pdf Municipalities Sorted by 2023-2031 Legislative District
  42. http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/election-results/2011-passaic-co-summary-report.pdf Voter Registration Summary - Passaic
  43. http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTP7.ST16?slice=GEO~0400000US34 GCT-P7: Selected Age Groups: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision; 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey
  44. Web site: Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Passaic County . March 15, 2013 . New Jersey Department of Elections . December 24, 2014.
  45. Web site: Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Passaic County. March 15, 2013 . New Jersey Department of Elections . December 24, 2014.
  46. http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/election-results/2008-gen-elect-presidential-results-passaic.pdf 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Passaic County
  47. http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/election-results/2004-presidential_passaic_co_2004.pdf 2004 Presidential Election: Passaic County
  48. Web site: Governor - Passaic County . January 29, 2014 . New Jersey Department of Elections . December 24, 2014.
  49. Web site: Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Passaic County. January 29, 2014 . New Jersey Department of Elections . December 24, 2014.
  50. http://www.njelections.org/election-results/2009-governor_results-passaic.pdf 2009 Governor: Passaic County
  51. https://www.straussesmay.com/seportal/Public/DistrictPolicy.aspx?policyid=0110&id=0aef9fe9284c461ea5a0610d3e853649 Wanaque Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification
  52. https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/districtsearch/district_detail.asp?Search=2&details=1&ID2=3416950&DistrictID=3416950 District information for Wanaque School District
  53. https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_list.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=3416950 School Data for the Wanaque Borough Schools
  54. https://www.wanaqueps.org/Domain/8 Haskell Elementary School
  55. https://www.wanaqueps.org/Domain/9 Wanaque Elementary School
  56. https://www.passaiccountynj.org/home/showpublisheddocument/6300/638134569940470000#page=41 Passaic County 2022–23 Public School Directory
  57. https://rc.doe.state.nj.us/selectreport/2022-2023/31/5440 Wanaque School District
  58. https://homeroom6.doe.state.nj.us/directory/school/districtid/5440 New Jersey School Directory for the Wanaque School District
  59. https://core-docs.s3.amazonaws.com/documents/asset/uploaded_file/417644/0000_Policies_-_ByLaws.pdf#page=3 Lakeland Regional High School District Bylaw 0110 - Identification
  60. http://www.nj.gov/education/pr/1415/narrative/31/2510/000.html Lakeland Regional High School 2015 Report Card Narrative
  61. https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=3408190&ID=340819004818 School data for Lakeland Regional High School
  62. http://www.pccc.edu/locations/wanaque-academic-center Wanaque Academic Center
  63. http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/mileage_Passaic.pdf Passaic County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction
  64. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/gis/maps/Passaic.pdf Passaic County Highway Map
  65. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/pdf/00000287__-.pdf#page=20 Interstate 287 Straight Line Diagram
  66. https://www.state.nj.us/transportation/refdata/sldiag/pdf/00000511__-.pdf#page=8 County Route 511 Straight Line Diagram
  67. https://web.archive.org/web/20100726183341/https://www.njtransit.com/sf/sf_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=BusRoutesPassaicCountyTo Passaic County Bus / Rail Connections
  68. http://www.njtransit.com/pdf/bus/Passaic_County_Map.pdf Passaic County System Map
  69. Kolton, Tara. "Actor with Wanaque roots takes the Broadway stage in Newsies the Musical", Suburban Trends, September 6, 2012. Accessed January 27, 2015. "Kevin Carolan knew pretty early on that he was made for the stage.... Now the Wanaque native can be seen on the Broadway stage as part of the cast of Disney's Newsies the Musical, playing the role of Teddy Roosevelt."
  70. Matthews, Wallace. "Czyz Pulls Fast One on Sears", Newsday, December 27, 1986. Accessed September 1, 2013. "It took [Bobby Czyz], of nearby Wanaque, just 61 seconds to knock out Sears, precisely two rounds quicker than Michael Spinks had managed the feat in a fight for the undisputed crown in February, 1985."
  71. Staff. "Former Official Killed; John McCutcheon, Ex-Controller of Jersey, Is Auto Victim", The New York Times, September 17, 1942. Accessed November 19, 2018. "John McCutcheon of Wanaque, former State Controller, died this afternoon at Crooks Hospital of injuries suffered when ran automobile in which he was riding struck a tree last night."
  72. Johnson, Eliana. "Christie's Right Hand", National Review, December 16, 2013. Accessed August 1, 2016. "His political instincts were honed at Frank's Tavern, the bar owned by his father and situated next door to the family's home in Haskell, N.J."
  73. http://www.aagpbl.org/index.cfm/profiles/petras-ernestine/22 Ernestine Petras
  74. http://johnpfahl.com/pages/extras/ExhibitionHistory.html Exhibition History
  75. https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/495760448/ "College Scene"
  76. https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/P/PortCh20.htm Chris Port
  77. http://www.njelks.org/index.php/our-programs/state-project-mainmenu-163 Elks Camp Moore