Vermont Public Explained

Upright:1
Logo Alt:A tall four-sided incomplete outline, similar to the shape of Vermont, in a gradient of two shades of bright green. The outline is cut off on the right around the words "Vermont Public" in a sans serif in dark green.
Headquarters:Colchester, Vermont
Products:Public radio and television broadcasting
Leader Title:President and CEO
Leader Name:Scott Finn
Endowment:$71.9 million
Endowment Year:2021

Vermont Public Co. is the public broadcaster serving the U.S. state of Vermont. Its headquarters, newsroom, and radio studios are located in Colchester, with television studios in Winooski. It operates two statewide radio services aligned with NPR, offering news and classical music, and the state's PBS service. It was formed by the 2021 merger of what had been previously separate organizations, Vermont Public Radio and Vermont Public Television, which were both renamed Vermont Public in 2022.

The services were separate organizations prior to 2021. The first to be founded was Vermont Educational Television (Vermont ETV), originally a service of the University of Vermont, in 1967; the network's four main transmitters were completed in March 1968. Originally mostly funded by the state of Vermont, Vermont ETV began fundraising in the community and developed a substantial audience in the Canadian province of Quebec, which has historically accounted for a significant portion of viewer donations and where a related charity once operated to process Canadian viewers' donations. Vermont ETV was separated from the university in 1989 and later renamed Vermont Public Television and Vermont PBS. In addition to public television programming from PBS and other distributors, Vermont Public produces TV programs of local interest.

Vermont Public's radio operation began broadcasting in 1977 as Vermont Public Radio (VPR). The first transmitter served southern Vermont; coverage of the northern half of the state was added in 1980 and extended by the construction of new stations as well as the acquisition of several existing commercial radio stations. Beginning in the 2000s, VPR established a second radio programming service with a classical music format, which also now has statewide coverage; the existing programming was shifted to an all-talk format with shows from NPR and other public radio distributors as well as local programming focusing on Vermont issues and musical artists.

History of the Vermont Public Co.

In September 2020, the Vermont Public Co. was formed; it became active on June 30, 2021, with the merger of Vermont PBS and Vermont Public Radio, which had been separate entities.[1] The move brought together the 57 full-time VPR employees with 42 at Vermont PBS to create the state's largest news organization, with $90 million in assets.[2] [3] The name Vermont Public was unveiled on June 23, 2022.[4]

Television

History

The television service was established by an act of the Vermont General Assembly in 1966 as Vermont Educational Television (Vermont ETV), a service operated by the University of Vermont on behalf of all educational interests in the state.[5] This culminated six years of efforts to set up the service, including two defeats in the 1963 and 1965 sessions of the General Assembly.[6] Broadcasting began on October 16, 1967, from WETK (channel 33) atop Mount Mansfield.[7] Three more transmitters went on air in the months that followed: WVTB (channel 20) on Burke Mountain, serving St. Johnsbury, WVTA (channel 41) on Mount Ascutney, to serve Windsor and southern Vermont, and WVER, broadcasting from Grandpa's Knob to serve Rutland.[8] Delays in completing WVTA, which did not start until March 18, 1968, also held up the activation of WVER.[9] [10]

In 1975, the network began fundraising from the community, having been initially financed 90 percent by the state and later also receiving federal funds.[11] [12] 1979 saw a 57-day strike by production personnel;[13] the next year, the St. Johnsbury and Rutland transmitters narrowly avoided closure when the university voted to allow the installation of remote control equipment, allowing operators to control the facilities from the Mount Ascutney site.[14] [15]

The 1989 session of the General Assembly authorized Vermont ETV's separation from the university.[16] However, funding continued to be a concern. In 1996, the Vermont Senate Appropriations Committee proposed cutting ETV's state funding to $1; ETV eventually was able to restore some of its allocation but still lost about half of its state grant. This was in contrast to Vermont Public Radio, which was not funded by the state and had more corporate contributors.[17]

In 1997, Vermont ETV began 24-hour broadcasting;[18] the name was changed to Vermont Public Television on January 1, 1998,[19] and again to Vermont PBS in 2014.[20] On February 17, 2009, the four main Vermont Public Television transmitters converted to digital broadcasting; in converting early, they joined most of the state's major commercial stations.[21]

On February 17, 2017, Vermont PBS announced that it had sold the WVTA broadcast license for $56 million in the FCC's spectrum auction. In a statement, the network said that its other signals would be upgraded to cover the area served by WVTA.[22] [23] The WVTA license, which continued on the WVER multiplex, was then surrendered for cancellation on November 23, 2022.[24] $52 million of the auction proceeds constitute the majority of Vermont Public's endowment, which stood at $71.9 million in 2021.[25]

Shortly before the merger with Vermont Public Radio, Vermont PBS relocated from Fort Ethan Allen, where both organizations had maintained separate offices, to facilities in Winooski.[26]

Local programming

The flagship local television program from Vermont Public is the weekly Vermont This Week, which features a rotating panel of Vermont political reporters. Other regular local programs include the outdoors program Outdoor Journal and the local film program Made Here.[27] [28]

Support in Canada

Public television in Vermont has had a long history with viewers in Montreal, where its signal is received and widely distributed on cable and has been since April 1968.[29] [30] The large audience in Greater Montreal has been a major source of donations: in 1979, Vermont ETV received 60 percent of its donations from Quebec.[31]

In 1989, Vidéotron, one of Montreal's major cable providers, removed Vermont ETV from its channel lineup and replaced it with WCFE in nearby Plattsburgh, New York, to save on copyright fees; at the time, WCFE did not run the entire PBS schedule in order to provide a differentiated service from Vermont ETV. However, the move threatened the financial viability of Vermont ETV because, at the time, as many of 15,000 of the 40,000 Vermont ETV contributors were Montreal-area Vidéotron customers who represented 25 percent of the network's fundraising revenue.[32] Donations to Vermont ETV's March 1990 fundraising drive fell 27 percent.[33] Vidéotron restored Vermont ETV to its lineup in 1991 after a year's absence.[34]

The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) revoked the status of the Public Television Association of Quebec, a charitable organization in Canada that had supported Vermont PBS's Canadian efforts, in 2013. The CRA decision was unsuccessfully appealed to the Federal Court of Appeal, which ruled in 2015 that the association had "failed to maintain direction and control over its resources as it did not devote all its resources to its own charitable activities" and was only used to generate charitable tax receipts for Canadian donors.[35]

Technical information

Transmitters

Vermont Public holds three full-service television station licenses, one of which (WVER) is broadcast as a four-site distributed transmission system. WVER also has two separately licensed translators in Manchester and Pownal.

Station! scope = "col"
City of licenseFacility IDERPHAATTransmitter coordinatesFirst air datePublic license information
WETK33 (32) 69944 8300NaN0 44.5256°N -72.8142°W
WVERRutland28 (10)6994615 kW425.60NaN043.6586°N -73.1069°W
Mount Ascutney 5 kW 648.90NaN0 43.4375°N -72.4517°W
Brattleboro 0.32 kW -142.90NaN0 42.8517°N -72.5608°W
Mount Pleasant 0.1 kW 204.30NaN0 44.1246°N -72.4812°W
WVTB20 (28) 69940 75 kW 5900NaN0 44.5711°N -71.8942°W
Call sign! scope = "col"
City of licenseChannelFacility IDERPHAATTransmitter coordinates
20 189111 1.26 kW 3670NaN0 42.8638°N -73.2325°W
30 189112 0.796 kW 7020NaN0 43.1659°N -73.1154°W

Subchannels

All transmitters broadcast the same four subchannels.

Channel! scope = "col"
Res.AspectShort nameProgramming
xx.1 VPBS
xx.2 VPBS+ PBS Plus/World
xx.3 CREATE Create
xx.4 KIDS PBS Kids

Network map

Radio

History

In 1975, two groups—the Champlain Valley Educational Radio Association and Vermont Public Radio—were formed by local residents to seek funds to plan a new non-commercial radio station for Vermont. The Champlain Valley group proposed starting with one station in Burlington, while the Vermont Public Radio application focused on statewide coverage, in order to meet requirements from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) for minimum population thresholds.[36] [37] In October, Vermont Public Radio received a $25,000 CPB grant,[38] and two months later, the University of Vermont, which at the time administered Vermont ETV, approved the group to share some of its facilities.[39] The existing public television system also shared a founder with the radio network: Raymond V. Phillips, who was considered "the father of public television in Vermont".[40] While Phillips had long expressed interest in public radio, funding did not come until three local ministers objected to a local station's switch to a rock format; one of them later joined the Vermont Public Radio board.[41]

The first transmitter to go on air was WVPA-FM 89.5, licensed to Windsor and broadcasting from Mount Ascutney, on August 13, 1977.[42] Serving northern Vermont took longer because Vermont Public Radio's application was placed into comparative hearing with several commercial applicants, having filed for the non-reserved frequency of 107.9 MHz.[43] [44] The FCC approved VPR's request to move the frequency from Newport to Burlington despite opposition from a commercial broadcaster in Newport,[45] [46] [47] and WVPS atop Mount Mansfield was activated on October 31, 1980.[48] The Mount Ascutney and Mount Mansfield transmitters gave VPR coverage of 92 percent of the population—greater than Vermont ETV's reach at the time—as well as in northeastern New York, New Hampshire, and Montreal.[49]

Over the years, Vermont Public Radio added transmitters by construction as well as purchases of former commercial stations. WBTN-FM in Bennington was acquired as part of a package with its AM counterpart, WBTN, in 2000; the AM station briefly simulcast VPR programming with local news inserts and death notices until being sold and returned to commercial use.[50] In 2006, VPR purchased the former WJAN in Sunderland, transmitting from Mount Equinox; it is now WVTQ.[51]

In 2004, VPR started WNCH in Norwich, its first dedicated classical music station, and in 2007, it completed its split into two program services.[52] After VPR entered into discussions to purchase WWPV-FM in Colchester from Saint Michael's College in 2007, resistance from student and community groups led to the college refusing to sell.[53] [54] Instead, VPR purchased WAVX, a Christian radio station licensed to Schuyler Falls, New York,[55] and relaunched it as WOXR.[56] When Saint Michael's obtained a low-power station construction permit in 2015, it then sold the high-power WWPV-FM facility to VPR for integration into the classical network as WVTX.[57]

The VPR studios at Fort Ethan Allen in Colchester were expanded in 2015, nearly doubling the size of the facility. $8 million was raised to finance the addition, which included a newsroom three times the size of the previous space—a converted storage attic—and a studio large enough to accommodate an audience.[58]

In December 2022, Vermont Public announced it would acquire WWLR, which had been the student-run station at Northern Vermont University's Lyndonville campus, for integration into the classical network. Trustees of the university had been attempting to sell the license for months and nearly surrendered it in 2021.[59] The purchase, at a price of $80,000, was consummated on April 25, 2023, and the station was taken silent; Vermont Public would rename the station WVLR-FM.[60] A report by VTDigger suggested that the university may not have been legally empowered to sell WWLR without General Assembly consent.[61] The statute in question was repealed weeks later by governor Phil Scott; in early August, the assembly's Joint Fiscal Committee granted the Vermont State Colleges system, to which Northern Vermont University belonged, retroactive approval to sell WWLR and for the 2019 closure of WIUV at Castleton University.[62]

Programs

The news service airs major public radio news programs from NPR and other producers, including All Things Considered, Morning Edition, Here & Now, and Marketplace. Four days a week, Vermont Public produces its flagship radio program, Vermont Edition; currently hosted by Connor Cyrus and Mikaela Lefrak, the show was hosted by Jane Lindholm from 2007 to 2021.[63]

The classical service offers blocks of classical music, some with local hosts and others from Classical 24.[64]

Transmitters

Transmitters are arranged alphabetically by call sign. All full-power transmitters broadcast in HD Radio, carrying the News and Classical services and the BBC World Service as subchannels.[65]

A blue background indicates a low-power translator of the full-power transmitter preceding it or, at the end of the table, an HD Radio subchannel of a transmitter in the other network.

Vermont Public News

Call sign! scope="col" data-sort-type="number"
FrequencyCity of licenseFacility IDERP (W)HAATClassTransmitter coordinatesFounded
WBTN-FM94.3 FM 3,000 340NaN0 A 42.9481°N -73.1756°W [66]
WRVT88.7 FM 4,000 4120NaN0 C2 43.6587°N -73.1065°W [67]
W258AW99.5 FM 38 -16.50NaN0 D 44.007°N -73.1773°W
W266AK101.1 FM 10 1290NaN0 D 43.2812°N -73.1704°W
WVBA88.9 FM 6,200 540NaN0 B1 42.8284°N -72.5996°W [68]
WVPA88.5 FM 850 569.20NaN0 C2 44.5709°N -71.8934°W [69]
WVPR89.5 FM 1,700 6940NaN0 B 43.4376°N -72.4518°W
W295AU<--WVTQ-HD2-->106.9 FM 51 135.50NaN0 D 43.2368°N -73.0284°W
WVPS107.9 FM 48,800 8280NaN0 C 44.5256°N -72.8157°W
W231BQ94.1 FM 200 D 44.2561°N -72.5845°W
W298DD107.5 FM 250 D 44.5079°N -73.1509°W

Vermont Public Classical

Call sign! scope="col" data-sort-type="number"
FrequencyCity of licenseFacility IDERP (W)HAATClassTransmitter coordinatesFounded
WNCH88.1 FM 1,550 686.20NaN0 B 43.4376°N -72.4518°W [70]
W280CS103.9 FM 250 -122.50NaN0 D 43.7312°N -72.2673°W
W295AL106.9 FM 100 D 43.6314°N -72.5131°W
WOXM90.1 FM 1,200 95.30NaN0 A 44.0262°N -73.1618°W [71]
WOXR90.9 FM 2,700 327.20NaN0 C2 44.5734°N -73.6749°W [72]
WVER-FM107.5 FM 450 3630NaN0 A 43.6588°N -73.1066°W
WVNK91.1 FM 115 96.50NaN0 A 43.2368°N -73.0284°W [73]
WVTI106.9 FM 1,420 211.50NaN0 A 44.7839°N -71.8865°W [74]
WVTQ95.1 FM 105 718.90NaN0 A 43.1656°N -73.12°W [75]
WVTX88.7 FM 260 19.80NaN0 A 44.5079°N -73.1509°W [76]
WVXR102.1 FM 11,000 1330NaN0 C3 43.9556°N -72.6039°W [77]
WVLR-FM91.5 FM 3,000 -230NaN0 A 44.5339°N -72.0287°W [78]
W227CA93.3 FM 10 1290NaN0 D 43.2812°N -73.1704°W
W232CG94.3 FM 150 D 42.8284°N -72.5996°W
W233BD94.5 FM 27 42.70NaN0 D 44.3581°N -73.2467°W
W243DT96.5 FM 250 D 44.4638°N -72.7449°W
W250CZ97.9 FM 120 1.70NaN0 D 42.9481°N -73.1756°W
W256CW99.1 FM 180 D 43.6587°N -73.1065°W
W258AZ99.5 FM 10 114.50NaN0 D 44.0537°N -72.1404°W
W258BZ99.5 FM 200 D 44.2561°N -72.5845°W

Network maps

Notes and References

  1. News: July 1, 2021 . Vermont PBS, Vermont Public Radio officially merge . en . . June 23, 2022 . June 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220623170410/https://apnews.com/article/vt-state-wire-vermont-radio-public-radio-8249c9c574a8d9108209da0fc0899380 . live .
  2. News: Allen . Anne Wallace . June 28, 2021 . Media Note: Ahead of Merger, Vermont Public Radio's Van Hoesen Retires . en . . June 23, 2022 . June 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220623170410/https://www.sevendaysvt.com/OffMessage/archives/2021/06/28/media-note-ahead-of-merger-vermont-public-radios-van-hoesen-retires . live .
  3. News: Thys . Fred . July 8, 2021 . Newly merged VPR and Vermont PBS aim for new audiences . en-US . . June 23, 2022 . June 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220623170410/https://vtdigger.org/2021/07/08/newly-merged-vpr-and-vermont-pbs-aim-for-new-audiences/ . live .
  4. News: Venta . Lance . June 23, 2022 . VPR & Vermont PBS Rebrand As Vermont Public . en-US . RadioInsight . June 23, 2022 . June 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220623131118/https://radioinsight.com/headlines/229842/vpr-vermont-pbs-rebrand-as-vermont-public/ . live .
  5. News: UVM Operates ETV for State Educational Interests. October 13, 1967. 5. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051122/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113536827/uvm-operates-etv-for-state-educational/. live.
  6. News: State's First ETV Channel Goes On Air Monday: Long-awaited Day Is Near For New Unit. October 13, 1967. 4. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051611/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113536886/states-first-etv-channel-goes-on-air/. live.
  7. News: State ETV Blows Tube. October 17, 1967. 3. Rutland Daily Herald. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123205139/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113536702/state-etv-blows-tube/. live.
  8. News: ETV Beam Comes from 4 Mountaintops. October 13, 1967. 5. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123205142/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113536669/etv-beam-comes-from-4-mountaintops/. live.
  9. News: Ascutney ETV Tower May Operate Soon Despite Trouble. January 9, 1968. 4. Rutland Daily Herald. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051115/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113537082/ascutney-etv-tower-may-operate-soon/. live.
  10. News: State ETV Network Now Covers Vermont. March 18, 1968. 5. The Brattleboro Reformer. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123205142/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113537146/state-etv-network-now-covers-vermont/. live.
  11. News: Trouble at ETV: Vermont's only public television affiliate struggles with old equipment, new debts. February 15, 1981. Vermonter 4, 5, 6, 7. Jack. McKnight. The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, Vermont. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124061208/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113559304/trouble-at-etv-vermonts-only-public/. live.
  12. News: Vermont public TV fundraisers woo younger viewers' support. March 8, 1988. E-8. Mike. Boone. The Gazette. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051117/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113559224/vermont-public-tv-fundraisers-woo/. live.
  13. News: ETV Workers Vote To End 57-Day Strike. May 5, 1979. 3. Valley News. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123212802/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113538394/etv-workers-vote-to-end-57-day-strike/. live.
  14. News: St. Johnsbury, Rutland Lose Public Stations. May 7, 1980. 7A. Associated Press. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051127/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113539020/st-johnsbury-rutland-lose-public/. live.
  15. News: Vermont ETV Expands Service on Transmitters. December 3, 1980. 11. The Brattleboro Reformer. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051118/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113539107/vermont-etv-expands-service-on/. live.
  16. News: List Of Bills That Passed. May 7, 1989. 8. Associated Press. Rutland Daily Herald. Rutland, Vermont. Newspapers.com. June 23, 2022. June 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220623170410/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104284750/list-of-bills-that-passed/. live.
  17. News: Testing 1, 2, 3... Vermont Public Radio, ETV try collaboration as they mark anniversaries. October 25, 1997. 1C, 4C. Maria. Blackburn. The Burlington Free Press. Burlington, Vermont. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124061212/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113559429/testing-1-2-3-vermont-public/. live.
  18. News: Quality overnight TV: PBS station Vermont ETV is now on the air around the clock. October 5, 1997. C6. Mike. Boone. The Montreal Gazette. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051118/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113537224/quality-overnight-tv-pbs-station/. live.
  19. News: Vermont ETV Changing Name. December 18, 1997. 20. Rutland Daily Herald. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123205140/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113537275/vermont-etv-changing-name/. live.
  20. News: Vermont Public Television fined $15,000 for open meeting violations. August 2, 2014. 3C. April. Burbank. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123212803/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113538287/vermont-public-television-fined-15000/. live.
  21. News: Vt. TV plans early conversion: Five stations stick with Feb. 17 switch. February 6, 2009. 1B, 5B. Joel. Banner Baird. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051128/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113538849/vt-tv-plans-early-conversion-five/. live.
  22. News: Hallenbeck. Brent. Vermont PBS sells broadcast licenses for $56 million. February 17, 2017. The Burlington Free Press. February 17, 2017. en. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051602/https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/money/2017/02/17/vermont-pbs-sells-broadcast-licenses-56-million/98055166/. live.
  23. News: Frechette. Kristin. Vermont PBS Sells off one of its Broadcast Licenses. February 17, 2017. MyChamplainValley.com. February 17, 2017. February 17, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170217201136/http://www.mychamplainvalley.com/news/vermont-pbs-sells-off-one-of-its-broadcast-licenses/659364084. live.
  24. Web site: Cancellation Application. Federal Communications Commission. Licensing and Management System. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123194013/https://enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/public/tv/draftCopy.html?displayType=html&appKey=25076ff38482c8fc01848b36b84c0aff&id=25076ff38482c8fc01848b36b84c0aff&goBack=N. live.
  25. News: Newly merged VPR and Vermont PBS aim for new audiences. Fred. Thys. VTDigger. July 8, 2021. June 23, 2022. June 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220623170410/https://vtdigger.org/2021/07/08/newly-merged-vpr-and-vermont-pbs-aim-for-new-audiences/. live.
  26. News: Media Note: Vermont Public Radio, Vermont PBS to Merge. September 9, 2010. Paul. Heintz. Seven Days. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124061215/https://www.sevendaysvt.com/OffMessage/archives/2020/09/09/media-note-vermont-public-radio-vermont-pbs-to-merge. live.
  27. News: How Will Vermont PBS Spend its $56 Million Windfall?. March 29, 2017. Seven Days. Mark. Davis. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124061212/https://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/how-will-vermont-pbs-spend-its-56-million-windfall/Content?oid=4833675. live.
  28. Web site: Local Content and Service Report. 2023. Vermont Public.
  29. News: Television and Radio: A Startling Statistic. April 24, 1968. 18. Bernard. Dubé. The Gazette. Montreal, Quebec. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051128/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113558793/television-and-radio-a-startling/. live.
  30. News: Television and radio: 'The Dolly scene' had its moments. April 25, 1968. 54. Montreal Star. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124061210/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113558820/television-and-radio-the-dolly-scene/. live.
  31. News: The joys of 'educational' television. June 27, 1979. B15. Walter. Poronovich. The Montreal Star. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124061216/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113558707/the-joys-of-educational-television/. live.
  32. News: Tears won't be enough to keep Vermont ETV station on Vidéotron. December 20, 1989. C-7. Mike. Boone. The Gazette. Montreal, Quebec. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051129/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113558982/tears-wont-be-enough-to-keep-vermont/. live.
  33. News: Vidéotron's station switch takes its toll on pledges to Vermont ETV. March 20, 1990. B-7. Mike. Boone. The Gazette. Montreal, Quebec. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051119/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113559085/vidotrons-station-switch-takes-its/. live.
  34. News: This year, public TV really is counting on 'viewers like you'. March 6, 1991. B-6. Mike. Boone. The Gazette. Montreal, Quebec. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124061209/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113559133/this-year-public-tv-really-is-counting/. live.
  35. News: FCA Dismisses Appeal of Revocation of Charity Status. August 4, 2015. Dentons. JD Supra. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124061212/https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/fca-dismisses-appeal-of-revocation-of-79398/. live.
  36. News: Group Seeks CPB Funds To Establish Noncommercial FM Station in Area. July 16, 1975. 19. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051052/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113533866/group-seeks-cpb-funds-to-establish/. live.
  37. News: Public Radio Broadcast Grant Needs Explained. August 23, 1975. 6. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051039/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113534072/public-radio-broadcast-grant-needs/. live.
  38. News: Public Radio Station Gets $25,000 Grant. October 14, 1975. 14. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123205141/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113533985/public-radio-station-gets-25000-grant/. live.
  39. News: Public Radio Station Could Be on the Air by September. December 18, 1975. 24. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051022/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113534255/public-radio-station-could-be-on-the/. live.
  40. News: Father of Vermont's Public Airwaves. January 25, 1976. Vermont This Week 1, 3. Bish. Bishop. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123205141/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113534317/father-of-vermonts-public-airwaves/. live.
  41. News: Vermont Public Radio Celebrates Its First Year on the Air. August 16, 1978. 1D, 2D. Mark. Pendergrast. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051105/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113535735/vermont-public-radio-celebrates-its/. live.
  42. News: Vermont Public Radio Goes on Air. August 15, 1977. 3B. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123205146/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113535343/vermont-public-radio-goes-on-air/. live.
  43. News: FCC To Decide Fate of Vt. Public Radio. April 18, 1977. 3B. John. Maher. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123205140/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113535122/fcc-to-decide-fate-of-vt-public-radio/. live.
  44. News: Three Groups Vie for Vacant FM Radio Channel. July 31, 1977. 4B. Colin. Nickerson. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051106/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113535195/three-groups-vie-for-vacant-fm-radio/. live.
  45. News: Public Radio Proposal Advances. March 26, 1978. 2B. Rob. Eley. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123205143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113535625/public-radio-proposal-advances/. live.
  46. News: Vt. Public Radio Frequency Announced. April 21, 1979. 19. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123205149/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113535918/vt-public-radio-frequency-announced/. live.
  47. News: FCC Upholds Decision to Reserve FM Frequency for Public Radio. June 3, 1980. 10A. Associated Press. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051107/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113536096/fcc-upholds-decision-to-reserve-fm/. live.
  48. News: Public Radio Station Given Broadcast OK. October 31, 1980. 1A. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123205138/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113536159/public-radio-station-given-broadcast-ok/. live.
  49. News: Public Radio Station Provides Thoughtful Programs. November 7, 1980. 1D, 6D. James. Lister Smith. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 23, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051111/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113536216/public-radio-station-provides/. live.
  50. News: Scott. Fybush. Of WBTN(AM) and Big Blue Bags.... North East RadioWatch. July 31, 2000. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124041328/https://www.bostonradio.org/nerw//nerw-000731.html. live.
  51. News: WCRB, WKLB Make the Big Switch. Scott. Fybush. December 4, 2006. North East RadioWatch. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124041318/https://www.fybush.com/NERW/2006/061204/nerw.html. live.
  52. News: VPR to offer all-classical station. February 6, 2007. 7A. Leslie. Wright. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124042547/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113556542/vpr-to-offer-all-classical-station/. live.
  53. News: College signal fading? St. Michael's considers selling student station to VPR. March 9, 2007. Tim. Johnson. The Burlington Free Press. 1A, 8A. May 24, 2020. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051111/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52029176/college-signal-fading/. live.
  54. News: WWPV staying on the air. May 24, 2020. March 22, 2007. The Burlington Free Press. Tim. Johnson. 5A. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051102/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52029351/wwpv-staying-on-the-air/. live.
  55. News: Barnicle Out at Boston's WTKK. Fybush. Scott. June 18, 2007. NorthEast Radio Watch. April 27, 2010. May 14, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090514024239/http://www.fybush.com/NERW/2007/070618/nerw.html. live.
  56. News: VPR Doubles Up in Burlington Market. Fybush. Scott. August 27, 2007. NorthEast Radio Watch. April 27, 2010. May 20, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110520160806/http://www.fybush.com/NERW/2007/070827/nerw.html. live.
  57. News: Shetter. Karianne. WWPV The Mike: Same Sound, New Frequency. October 10, 2015. The Defender. Saint Michael's College. September 24, 2015. March 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305032431/http://defender.smcvt.edu/?p=3675. live.
  58. News: VPR to spend $10 million on facility and programming expansion. VTDigger. September 22, 2015. Erin. Mansfield. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124051517/https://vtdigger.org/2015/09/22/vpr-to-spend-10-million-on-facility-and-programming-expansion/. live.
  59. News: D'Auria . Peter . Northern Vermont University to sell campus radio station to Vermont Public . December 20, 2022 . . December 20, 2022 . December 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221220122405/https://vtdigger.org/2022/12/20/northern-vermont-university-to-sell-campus-radio-station-to-vermont-public/ . live .
  60. Web site: Tymecki . Joseph . Form 380 – Change Request . Licensing and Management System . . October 30, 2023 . October 24, 2023.
  61. News: A bid by the Vermont State Colleges to sell a radio station may raise legal questions. May 22, 2023. Peter. D'Auria. VTDigger.
  62. News: Vermont State Colleges get retroactive approval to give up 2 radio licenses, consider selling a 3rd. August 1, 2023. Peter. D'Auria. VTDigger.
  63. News: VPR hires two new co-hosts to helm revamped 'Vermont Edition'. VTDigger. Lola. Duffort. February 25, 2021. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124051124/https://vtdigger.org/2021/02/25/vpr-hires-two-new-co-hosts-to-helm-revamped-vermont-edition/. live.
  64. Web site: Schedules. Vermont Public. November 23, 2022. November 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221123222053/https://www.vermontpublic.org/schedules. live.
  65. Web site: HD (Hybrid Digital) Radio. Vermont Public. November 23, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124045739/https://www.vermontpublic.org/hd-hybrid-digital-radio. live.
  66. News: Editor's Note. October 2, 1978. 4. Bennington Banner. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124041315/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113556263/editors-note/. live.
  67. News: Barna . Ed . January 28, 1989 . FCC Clarification Sought on VPR Interference Woes . 17, 32 . . November 24, 2022 . Newspapers.com . January 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051605/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113557737/fcc-clarification-sought-on-vpr/ . live .
  68. News: Fybush . Scott . Boston TV Picks A "Plum" . November 25, 2022 . NorthEast Radio Watch . October 1, 2012 . November 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221125045414/https://www.fybush.com/nerw-1012012-boston-tv-picks-a-plum/ . live .
  69. News: Whither Pulse?. Scott. Fybush. July 27, 2009. North East RadioWatch. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124075930/https://www.fybush.com/NERW/2009/090727/nerw.html. live.
  70. News: New VPR Station Offers Constant Classical. July 18, 2004. A1, A7. John P.. Gregg. Valley News. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051111/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113556459/new-vpr-station-offers-constant/. live.
  71. News: WOXM, Classical 90.1 in Vermont, takes to the airwaves. Current. June 8, 2010. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124050205/https://current.org/2010/06/woxm-classical-90-1-in-vermont-takes-to-the-airwaves/. live.
  72. News: Christian rock station begins broadcasting in Champlain Valley. January 27, 2005. 4A. Shawn. Turner. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051611/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113557225/christian-rock-station-begins/. live.
  73. News: Fybush . Scott . Citadel Becomes Cumulus . November 24, 2022 . NorthEast Radio Watch . September 19, 2011 . November 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221124073321/https://www.fybush.com/NERW/2011/110919/nerw.html . live .
  74. News: WCOJ's Gone...Is Nassau Next?. Scott. Fybush. North East RadioWatch. October 6, 2008. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124045732/https://www.fybush.com/NERW/2008/081006/nerw.html. live.
  75. News: Music of America comes home to Mt. Equinox and WJAN-FM. May 2, 1991. 10. Brian. Maffly. Bennington Banner. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. January 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230110051114/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113557989/music-of-america-comes-home-to-mt/. live.
  76. News: New Radio Station at SMC Goes on the Air. August 10, 1973. 21. The Burlington Free Press. Newspapers.com. November 24, 2022. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124044900/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52028377/new-radio-station-at-smc-goes-on-the-air/. live.
  77. Book: WCVR-FM. Broadcasting/Cablecasting Yearbook '89. World Radio History. 1989. B-305. April 10, 2010. November 24, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221124050204/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1989/1989-BC-YB.pdf. live.
  78. Book: Broadcasting & Cable Yearbook 1999. 1999. D-457. April 23, 2017.

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