WSCV explained

Callsign:WSCV
City:Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Logo Alt:The Telemundo network logo, a T with two circular overlapping components. To the right and under the T, the number 51. Beneath it, in a sans serif, the word Telemundo.
Digital:30 (UHF)
Virtual:51
Owner:Telemundo Station Group
Licensee:NBC Telemundo License LLC
Country:United States
Callsign Meaning:Similar sound in Spanish to "Spanish; Castilian: ese se ve", "that one is seen"
Sister Stations:WTVJ
Erp:1,000 kW
Haat:3040NaN0
Facility Id:64971
Coordinates:25.9861°N -80.1934°W
Licensing Authority:FCC

WSCV (channel 51) is a television station licensed to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States, serving as the Telemundo outlet for the Miami area. It is one of two flagship stations of the Spanish-language network (the other being WNJU in the New York City market). WSCV is owned and operated by NBCUniversal's Telemundo Station Group alongside NBC station WTVJ (channel 6). The two stations share studios on Southwest 27th Street in Miramar; WSCV's transmitter is located in Pembroke Park, Florida. The station also serves as the de facto Telemundo outlet for the West Palm Beach market, as that area does not have a Telemundo station of its own.

Channel 51 in Fort Lauderdale first went on the air in 1968. It operated as a primarily English-language independent station as WSMS-TV from 1968 to 1970 and as WKID from 1972 to 1980. From 1980 to 1984, the station primarily broadcast the ON TV subscription service until its owner, Oak Communications, sold it to John Blair & Co., which relaunched it the next year as Spanish-language WSCV. It was one of Telemundo's charter stations in 1987 and has since experienced ratings increases and expanded its local news offerings.

History

WSMS-TV

The construction permit for channel 51 was awarded in 1965, but channel 51 did not begin broadcasting until December 6, 1968,[1] as WSMS-TV. The Broward Broadcasting Company, owned by attorney Paris G. Singer, was the original permit holder.[2] The call letters had been selected to mean "Where Sun Meets Sea"; a proposed sister station for Tampa would have been WTSS, for "Where The Sun Sets".[3] Delayed from a planned October 1 start due to bad weather,[4] WSMS was the first station in Fort Lauderdale in 12 years, operating from its studios on Federal Highway.[5] The station aired syndicated programming as well as all-color local news and sports, alongside other local productions including Romper Room, the afternoon interview show Talk About Town and the cartoon show Capt'n' Zero, plus local stock market reports. Channel 51's news moved to 10 p.m. in July 1969, making it the only local newscast in that time slot in South Florida.[6]

Engineering difficulties forced WSMS-TV to suspend operations on February 6, 1970;[7] while local news reports only mentioned engineering problems, in its request for silence with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), WSMS-TV also cited financial difficulties. In April, the station announced it would remain off air, citing the financial condition of Gold Coast Telecasting, the licensee.[8]

WKID

In 1971, a buyer appeared for the silent television station. A subsidiary of Recreation Corporation of America (RCA), owner of the Pirates World amusement park in Dania, filed to acquire channel 51; Singer became an officer in the new company.[9] The new owners changed the call letters to WKID and planned to target a youth audience, with the studios to be at Pirates World.[10] Though one objection was made to RCA's plans, by Hank Zinkil—a state representative and former mayor of Hollywood attempting to exaggerate that Pirates World had been "the source of great controversy" due to rock concerts which required consistent crowd control, and a drug dealing site[11] —the FCC dismissed Zinkil's challenge. From a new 1049feet tower affording market-wide coverage,[12] WKID returned to the air on February 14, 1972.[13]

Pirates World closed in December 1973 after the opening of Walt Disney World sapped its customer base.[14] The amusement park site became an eyesore with 48 abandoned buildings,[15] amidst which WKID continued to operate through 1975. On the night of February 24, two bombs went off at the studios in Dania and a production office the station leased in Miami;[16] [17] a Cuban exile group took credit, blaming WKID's policy of rapprochement with communist Cuba in its Spanish-language programming.[18] Licensee Channel 51, Inc., went bankrupt in March, and Pirates World with the WKID studio was condemned in September.[19] Channel 51 moved the next month to temporary quarters in Pembroke Park[20] as WKID was acquired by an investment group headed by Bill Johns and Alvin Koenig in 1976; the group became known as CB TV Corp. in 1977. Johns and Koenig had already been operating the station on RCA's behalf since 1972.[21]

In the 1970s, WKID was the second-largest source of Spanish-language television programming in South Florida, providing the only prime time shows not being aired on WLTV.[22] In the evening hours in 1977, it leased out airtime to Latin Network, which programmed "TV Sol", complete with news and entertainment programs in Spanish.[23] During this era, cable providers that carried competing independent WCIX outside of the Miami market, especially in the Tampa and Orlando areas, carried WKID during the overnight hours, after WCIX signed off for the night;[24] channel 51 served up The All Night Show, a campy mix of movies hosted by Dave Dixon, to this audience.[25] WKID-TV was also among the first broadcast outlets for what would become the Christian Television Network, as the network purchased a block of evening airtime every night on channel 51 prior to the establishment of its first station, WCLF in Tampa.[26]

In 1980, CB TV Corp. sold WKID to Oak Industries, a cable television equipment manufacturer and owner of ON TV, a subscription television (STV) service that was carried during the evening hours. ON TV could only be viewed for a monthly fee and required a set-top decoder box and outdoor antenna for adequate reception. The station's advertiser-supported programming during this period included business news from the Financial News Network during the daytime hours, a horse racing show hosted by Bob Savage in the early evening, and movies in overnights, shortly after ON TV signed off for the evening.[27] Subscription service from ON TV initially commenced at 7 p.m. Monday through Friday and at 10 a.m. on Saturdays and Sundays, expanding in 1982 to a 4 p.m. start.[28] With the expansion of cable television in the Miami area, ON TV proved to be an ill-fated venture; by July 1984, when it laid off half its staff, subscriptions had fallen from a 1982 high of 44,700[29] to 28,500,[30] making it the smallest of Oak's STV operations at the time.[31]

WSCV

Oak's financial difficulties and the failure of ON TV motivated the company to sell WKID. At the end of July 1984, Oak announced that it had sold the station to John Blair & Co. for $17.75 million; the new buyers intended to program it as a Spanish-language station.[32] Financial News Network programming ceased in October 1984.[33] Blair, led by Cuban-American media entrepreneur Julio Rumbaut, completed the acquisition in December.[34] Channel 51 then went off the air as Blair prepared to implement the station's relaunch as WSCV, south Florida's second Spanish-language television station.[35] The new call letters, when pronounced in Spanish, read "Doble-U Ese Se Ve" (which is translated into English as "that one is seen").[36]

The launch took longer than expected due to transmitter troubles;[37] WSCV finally launched on June 2, 1985.[38] The new WSCV positioned its programming as a local, independent Miami-targeted alternative to the Mexican-dominated Spanish International Network (now Univision) and its station WLTV (channel 23), with a program hosted by Rolando Barral as part of its charter lineup.[39] (Barral left within months to return to WLTV.[40]) Reflecting the market it aimed to serve, the station played both the United States and Cuban national anthems at sign-on and sign-off;[41] its logo incorporated features of the Cuban flag. Another feature in the station's early months were Major League Baseball telecasts; announcers in the channel 51 studio produced Spanish-language commentary for games of the Baltimore Orioles and other teams.[42]

In 1986, the Reliance Group acquired WSCV and WKAQ-TV in San Juan, Puerto Rico, from John Blair & Co., which was paid $300 million to thwart a hostile takeover.[43] The year before, Reliance had purchased Oak's Los Angeles station, KBSC-TV, and relaunched it as Spanish-language KVEA—much like WSCV, the first competition to a long-running SIN station in a large Hispanic market. In October 1986, Reliance then bought WNJU serving the New York City area.[44] On January 12, 1987,[45] the new stations were integrated into one network: Telemundo, supplying additional programming and national news coverage.[46]

While Rumbaut had done much to build WSCV in the early years of what he called "the World Series of Spanish television",[47] his exit would be acrimonious. In February 1988, WSCV was the only Telemundo station (of a total of nine) to air a speech by President Ronald Reagan about aid to the Contras, after the news staff petitioned Rumbaut to air the address. The move was poorly received by the network; after a meeting in New York, he presented his resignation. Roberto Rodríguez Tejera then attempted to present editorials relating to Rumbaut's resignation; on orders from the Telemundo Group, engineers shut the station's signal off during the editorial, infuriating staffers.[48] [49] He was replaced by Alfredo Durán, formerly of WLTV.[50] Later that year, the station moved news production from its original facilities in Hollywood to Telemundo's Hialeah headquarters, coinciding with a top-to-bottom station relaunch;[51] offices and other station functions followed suit in 1990.[52] Durán would leave in 1991, seeking new career challenges.[53] The next year, José Cancela jumped from Univision, at the time in a process of a sale, to run WSCV.

On October 11, 2001, NBC acquired the Telemundo network, including WSCV, from Sony and Liberty Media for $1.98 billion (increasing to $2.7 billion by the sale's closure) and the assumption of $700 million in debt, in an equal cash and stock split by NBC's then-parent General Electric. The acquisition was finalized on April 12, 2002, making WSCV part of a duopoly with NBC's WTVJ.[54] WSCV and WTVJ were the first stations to be fully integrated among the several duopolies the deal produced; the WTVJ studio center in Miramar had been designed when NBC was considering purchasing another Spanish-language station, facilitating some of the task.[55] In 2020, WSCV's general manager assumed oversight of WTVJ after its general manager retired.[56]

News operation

Local news was on WSCV's slate from the moment it relaunched in 1985. The station initially aired a 6 p.m. and 10 p.m. local newscast, anchored by Cuban-born Lucy Pereda and news director Eduardo Arango.[57] Pereda left before the end of 1985 to work for the Spanish International Network (going on to host Mundo Latino, its first national morning show),[58] [59] while Arango was ousted in early 1986 over differences in philosophy with Rumbaut.[60] However, the presence of WSCV's 10 p.m. news, an hour before WLTV's, led the latter station to move up its newscast to match.[61] As with the station in general, the news on WSCV was positioned as "Cuban" to the more Mexican-influenced WLTV. Rafael Orizondo, who replaced Arango in an interim capacity, said at a 1986 forum, "Our newscasts are designed for the Cuban community, not for the Hispanic community. We emphasize the Cuban, and to call Fidel Castro a dictator and say he is an assassin does not cost us any credibility."[62] In late 1986, WSCV hired María Montoya, a former actress who had arrived in Miami as part of the Mariel boatlift of 1980,[63] and Ambrosio Hernández, who had worked at several radio stations in Chicago, to complement the team.[64]

Upon Alfredo Durán becoming general manager in 1988, aggressive moves were made to improve the ratings. The newscast was moved back from 11 p.m., where it had been relocated earlier in the year,[65] to 10.[66] Durán lured well-known WLTV reporter Alina Mayo Azze to WSCV.[67] Her hiring was soon eclipsed by another with romantic overtones; Durán was in a relationship with Leticia Callava, the main female anchor at WLTV and described by Tom Jicha of The Miami News as "to Spanish-language news what Ann Bishop is to English-language news".[68] Despite claiming that Callava was not about to jump stations in May, when Callava was demoted by WLTV after Durán's move,[69] she left that station and signed with WSCV in August, teaming with Mayo Azze to become the first two-woman anchor pairing on Spanish-language television in Miami on a relaunched Spanish; Castilian: Noticentro 51 (Newscenter 51).[70] Durán also toned down the Cuban emphasis of channel 51, stripping the Cuban flag colors from the logo and asking weather presenter Ángel Martín to stop referring to Cuba as "that beautiful land where we were born".[71]

The move, which helped to lift WSCV's ratings slightly, escalated Miami's Spanish-language news war: Hernández defected to a rebuilding WLTV.[72] When Mayo Azze left in 1990, she was replaced on the anchor desk by Argentine news anchor Nicolas Kasanzew, who became famous covering the Falklands War (Spanish; Castilian: Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur) for the state-run network ATC.[73] Kasanzew was demoted to a reporter two years later as part of a major shakeup in which three newscasters were fired and news production was suspended for a week as the station readied a "clean slate",[74] with Callava the only remaining anchor.[75] At the time, WLTV was still beating WSCV two-to-one in the evening news ratings race. This continued until Hernández returned to WSCV in early 1993.[76]

Montoya returned to WSCV in 1999 when the station began to expand its local news with the first Spanish-language midday newscast in the country.[77] Two years later, WSCV expanded to morning news for the first time, debuting the 6 a.m. news hour Spanish; Castilian: Primera Edición (First Edition) as part of a national strategy to add local morning newscasts.[78] Weekend news followed that September.[79] After being told that management desired to replace her on the evening news with Montoya, Callava left WSCV in late 2001 after 13 years.[80] While WLTV still led in news ratings into the 2000s, WSCV steadily increased its share of the marketplace.[81]

Despite changes in its anchor lineup—Montoya would depart WSCV in 2013,[82] while Hernández departed in 2015 to rejoin Univision[83] —WSCV added several new newscasts in the 2010s as part of national local news expansions across the Telemundo station group. A 5:30 p.m. show debuted at WSCV and 13 other Telemundo stations in 2014, followed by a 5 p.m. newscast in 2016.[84] [85] Steady improvement led to ratings leadership. By 2022, WSCV was the leading station in total households and the 25–54 news demo in the morning, early evening, and late news, regardless of language.[86]

Technical information

Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed and includes three of the four subchannels offered by WTVJ, which converted to ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) broadcast in January 2023. WSCV's main subchannel is in turn offered on the WTVJ multiplex.

Channel! scope = "col"
Res.AspectShort nameProgramming
51.1WSCV Main WSCV programming / Telemundo
51.2Exitos TeleXitos
51.416:9 WSCV-PB Version of main feed with commercials for the West Palm Beach area
6.11080i 16:9 WTVJ NBC (WTVJ)
6.2480i COZI TV Cozi TV (WTVJ-DT2)
6.3LocalX Lx (WTVJ-DT3)

Analog-to-digital conversion

WSCV ended programming on its analog signal, on UHF channel 51, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal moved from its pre-transition UHF channel 52, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to channel 30, continuing to use virtual channel 51.[87]

Notes and References

  1. News: Newspapers.com. Channel 51 (UHF) Goes on Air Tonight. December 6, 1968. Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Jack E.. Anderson. January 24, 2020. 12-F. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072742/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42954721/channel-51-uhf-goes-on-air-tonight/. live.
  2. News: Newspapers.com. New UHF Station, Channel 51, To Hit Airwaves Next Month. Jack E.. Anderson. 20-A. Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. September 21, 1968. January 24, 2020. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072743/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42954464/new-uhf-station-channel-51-to-hit/. live.
  3. News: Newspapers.com. New TV Station Moving. January 17, 2021. June 9, 1967. 2-A. The Tampa Times. February 5, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220205074324/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/67912826/new-tv-station-moving/. live.
  4. News: Newspapers.com. Wet Weather Delays Opening Of Lauderdale UHF Station. October 28, 1968. 8-B. Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Jack E.. Anderson. January 24, 2020. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072742/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42954629/wet-weather-delays-opening-of/. live.
  5. News: Newspapers.com. Channel 51 Operating. Fort Lauderdale News. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. December 18, 1968. 18H. January 24, 2020. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072743/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42954952/channel-51-operating/. live.
  6. News: Newspapers.com. TV 51 News Schedule Changed. 8F. Fort Lauderdale News. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. January 24, 2020. July 18, 1969. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072743/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42955115/tv-51-news-schedule-changed/. live.
  7. News: Newspapers.com. Channel 51 Takes 90-Day Break. Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. February 8, 1970. January 24, 2020. 2-BR. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072743/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42955231/channel-51-takes-90-day-break/. live.
  8. News: Newspapers.com. TV 51 To Stay Off Air. Fort Lauderdale News. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. April 28, 1970. Bette. Markus. January 24, 2020. 1B. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072744/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42955388/tv-51-to-stay-off-air/. live.
  9. News: Newspapers.com. Defunct TV Channel 51 To Revitalize. January 24, 2020. May 10, 1971. 2C. Fort Lauderdale News. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072744/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42955583/defunct-tv-channel-51-to-revitalize/. live.
  10. News: Newspapers.com. New Group Seeks Channel 51, Will Aim for Young Audience. Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Jack E.. Anderson. January 24, 2020. 8-C. July 31, 1971. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072744/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42955820/new-group-seeks-channel-51-will-aim/. live.
  11. News: Newspapers.com. Zinkil Questions TV Application. January 24, 2020. October 23, 1971. 1B. Fort Lauderdale News. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072745/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42955948/zinkil-questions-tv-application/. live.
  12. News: Newspapers.com. Channel 51 Due Back On The Air. January 13, 1972. 2C. Fort Lauderdale News. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. January 24, 2020. Carolanne. Griffith. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072745/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42956157/channel-51-due-back-on-the-air/. live.
  13. News: Newspapers.com. Channel 51 back on air with kids fare. Miami News. February 16, 1972. 7-B. January 24, 2020. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072745/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42956269/channel-51-back-on-air-with-kids-fare/. live.
  14. News: Reed . Sandi . December 15, 1973 . Pirates World Closed Again, This Time Apparently for Good: 960-Unit Project Planned . 2-BR . The Miami Herald . Miami, Florida . October 11, 2022 . Newspapers.com.
  15. News: Wood . Robert . January 21, 1975 . Walker To Decide If Buildings Safe At Pirates World . 2C . Fort Lauderdale News . Fort Lauderdale, Florida . October 11, 2022 . Newspapers.com.
  16. News: Newspapers.com. Channel 51 TV Studio Bombed. January 24, 2020. February 25, 1975. 1A. Fort Lauderdale News. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072745/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42956470/channel-51-tv-studio-bombed/. live.
  17. News: Newspapers.com. Bomb Knocks TV Station off Air. Naples Daily News. February 25, 1975. January 24, 2020. 1B. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072745/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42956503/bomb-knocks-tv-station-off-air/. live.
  18. News: Newspapers.com. Cuban Exile Group Claims Credit For Studio Bombing. January 24, 2020. February 28, 1975. News-Press. Fort Myers, Florida. Associated Press. 6B. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072745/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42956571/cuban-exile-group-claims-credit-for/. live.
  19. News: Newspapers.com. Dania Issues Pirates World Condemnation. January 24, 2020. Pat. Faherty. 1B. Fort Lauderdale News. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. September 4, 1975. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710075432/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42956790/dania-issues-pirates-world-condemnation/. live.
  20. News: Newspapers.com. Dania OKs Reprieve On Park. January 24, 2020. October 6, 1975. Pat. Faherty. 1B. Fort Lauderdale News. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072839/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42956881/dania-oks-reprieve-on-park/. live.
  21. News: Anderson . Jack . June 5, 1975 . Ch. 51 Managing Company Offers to Buy TV Station . 16-C . The Miami Herald . Miami, Florida . October 11, 2022 . Newspapers.com . October 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221011053024/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/111096942/ch-51-managing-company-offers-to-buy/ . live .
  22. News: ¿No Habla Usted Español? Here's Where You Can Learn Spanish. June 17, 1976. 1D, 6D. Beth. Dunlop. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072839/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105319878/no-habla-usted-espaol-heres-where/. live.
  23. News: En el Canal 51: Se expande la programación en español. July 1, 1977. 9. Norma. Niurka. es. On Channel 51: Spanish programming expands. El Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 15, 2022.
  24. News: WEDU serves up exceptional fare. December 10, 1975. 3D. Charles. Benbow. St. Petersburg Times Times. St. Petersburg, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072839/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105319806/wedu-serves-up-exceptional-fare/. live.
  25. News: Dave Dixon presents the All Night Stink-o. July 9, 1978. Tropic 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. Nancy. Webb Hatton. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072839/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105319931/dave-dixon-presents-the-all-night/. live.
  26. News: Newspapers.com. Nation's Newest Christian TV Station Begins Operations. Jeanne. Pugh. Crossroads 1, 4, 5. St. Petersburg Times. October 27, 1979. January 24, 2020. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072840/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42957088/nations-newest-christian-tv-station/. live.
  27. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iLBExrlohqA ON TV sign off into 51 After Hours
  28. News: Newspapers.com. ON-TV expansion whips horseplayers' TV friend. October 27, 2020. June 22, 1982. Paul. Moran. 6C. Fort Lauderdale News. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. March 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210313004420/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/61982936/on-tv-expansion-whips-horseplayers-tv/. live.
  29. News: World Radio History. . Special Report: Subscription Television. October 26, 2020. Broadcasting. 32–45. August 16, 1982. October 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201030031135/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1982/BC-1982-08-16.pdf. live.
  30. News: Newspapers.com. ON TV lays off half its staff to save service. October 25, 2020. Yolanda W.. Woodlee. Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. July 18, 1984. 2BR. October 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201029082113/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/61491508/on-tv-lays-off-half-its-staff-to-save/. live.
  31. News: Prospective sale could turn ON-TV into Spanish outlet. The Miami News. Newspapers.com. 4C. October 27, 2020. July 26, 1984. Tom. Jicha. March 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210313004431/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/61983355/prospective-sale-could-turn-on-tv-into/. live.
  32. News: Newspapers.com. Oak Industries to Sell TV Station in Florida. October 25, 2020. Los Angeles Times. Cyndi. Mitchell. A. July 31, 1984. January 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210118083642/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/61491552/oak-industries-to-sell-tv-station-in/. live.
  33. News: Fiancial News Network show leaving Channel 51. October 3, 1984. 20C. John G.. Edwards. Fort Lauderdale News. Newspapers.com. July 19, 2023.
  34. News: Blair & Co. acquires Channel 51. Newspapers.com. The Miami News. Miami, Florida. 10A. December 7, 1984. October 27, 2020. March 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210313004441/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/61853551/blair-co-acquires-channel-51/. live.
  35. News: Newspapers.com. WSCV to schedule new local programs. October 27, 2020. December 6, 1984. 9D. Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. March 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210313004420/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/61983781/wscv-to-schedule-new-local-programs/. live.
  36. News: Return of Ch. 51 en español reaches fine-tuning stage. March 29, 1985. 7B. Tom. Jicha. The Miami News. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072840/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105312817/return-of-ch-51-en-espaol-reaches/. live.
  37. News: Newspapers.com. Channel 51 start-up date's a guess for audience and station. February 10, 2021. May 25, 1985. The Miami News. 11A. Luisa. Yáñez. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072840/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/61826314/channel-51-start-up-dates-a-guess-for/. live.
  38. News: Debuta el domingo el Canal 51 de televisión. es. Television Channel 51 debuts Sunday. Newspapers.com. Norma. Niurka. El Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. May 31, 1985. February 10, 2021. 2. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072841/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/69906277/debuta-el-domingo-el-canal-51-de/. live.
  39. News: Newspapers.com. Salió al aire el Canal 51 en español. February 10, 2021. es. Spanish-language Channel 51 signed on. 1, 2. Norma. Niurka. El Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. June 4, 1985. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072841/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/69906349/sali-al-aire-el-canal-51-en-espaol/. live.
  40. News: Two Hispanic stations raiding on-air staffs in war for TV ratings. July 17, 1985. 6C. Luisa. Yáñez. The Miami News. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072848/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105313111/two-hispanic-stations-raiding-on-air/. live.
  41. News: Newspapers.com. La guerra de los canales. El Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. June 23, 1985. es. The war of the stations. Patricia. Duarte. 15, 16. February 10, 2021. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072841/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/69906493/la-guerra-de-los-canales/. live.
  42. News: Baseball's a big hit on Spanish TV station. June 25, 1985. 3B. Santos. Pérez. The Miami News. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072841/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/61826400/baseballs-a-big-hit-on-spanish-tv/. live.
  43. News: Newspapers.com. Blair Agrees to Merge With a Steinberg Unit. July 10, 2021. Los Angeles Times. June 4, 1986. IV:2. Paul. Richter. July 12, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210712044057/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81201537/blair-agrees-to-merge-with-a-steinberg/. live.
  44. News: Newspapers.com. Firm buys Hispanic TV station. July 11, 2021. October 30, 1986. Associated Press. B22. Asbury Park Press. Asbury Park, New Jersey. July 12, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210712044051/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81215771/firm-buys-hispanic-tv-station/. live.
  45. News: The Wall Street Journal. Telemundo TV Network to Air Nationally Tonight. January 12, 1987. .
  46. News: Newspapers.com. KVEA gains in Spanish-speaking market: A strong choice for Latino viewers. Victor. Valle. V:10. Los Angeles Times. February 25, 1987. July 11, 2021. July 12, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210712044036/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/81215900/kvea-gains-in-spanish-speaking-market/. live.
  47. News: Julio Rumbaut took a big chance when he cast his lot with Channel 51. He's an Underdog Tackling the TV Giant. July 23, 1987. 1B, 3B. Ana. Veciana-Suárez. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072841/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105314961/underdog-tackling-the-tv-giant/. live.
  48. News: Blackouts anger Channel 51 staff: 'Mad because of censorship,' news manager says. February 5, 1988. 5A. Catesby. Leigh. The Miami News. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072842/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105315056/blackouts-anger-channel-51-staff-mad/. live.
  49. News: Channel 51 newscast goes black after workers' dispute. February 5, 1988. 1D, 5D. Luis. Feldstein Soto. Richard. Hart. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072841/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105316709/channel-51-newscast-goes-black-after/. live.
  50. News: Durán renuncia al 23 y se va al 51. April 21, 1988. 1B. Beatriz. Parga. es. Durán resigns from 23 and goes to 51. El Nuevo Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072841/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105316833/durn-renuncia-al-23-y-se-va-al-51/. live.
  51. News: Lanza el lunes un nuevo noticiero el Canal 51. September 4, 1988. 3C. Beatriz. Parga. Channel 51 launches new newscast Monday. es. El Nuevo Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072842/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105317329/lanza-el-lunes-un-nuevo-noticiero-el/. live.
  52. News: In the spotlight. March 29, 1990. Neighbors 14–15. Gina. Shaffer. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072841/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105317776/in-the-spotlight/. live.
  53. News: Channel 51 executive resigns in shakeup. January 3, 1991. 2B. Beatriz. Parga. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072842/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105318812/channel-51-executive-resigns-in-shakeup/. live.
  54. News: NBC to Acquire Telemundo Network for $1.98 Billion. Meg. James. Los Angeles Times. October 12, 2001. February 14, 2017. March 7, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160307110946/http://articles.latimes.com/2001/oct/12/business/fi-56173. live.
  55. News: Bilingual Duopolies Redefine Big NBC Stations. Dan. Trigoboff. Broadcasting & Cable. September 7, 2003. July 10, 2022. March 6, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210306024225/https://www.nexttv.com/news/bilingual-duopolies-redefine-big-nbc-stations-100449. live.
  56. News: WSCV Miami GM Carballo Gets Oversight of WTVJ. November 8, 2019. Michael. Malone. Broadcasting & Cable. July 10, 2022. April 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210415081254/https://www.nexttv.com/news/wscv-miami-gm-carballo-gets-oversight-of-wtvj. live.
  57. News: Taillacq salta al Canal 51. March 2, 1985. 10. Norma. Niurka. es. Taillacq jumps to Channel 51. El Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072849/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105313638/taillacq-salta-al-canal-51/. live.
  58. News: Channel 51 seeks anchorwoman. October 19, 1985. 24A. Patricia. Duarte. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072843/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105313779/channel-51-seeks-anchorwoman/. live.
  59. News: Hispanic viewers get wakeup show; 'Amerika' revived. January 23, 1986. 22. The Miami News. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072843/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105316626/hispanic-viewers-get-wakeup-show/. live.
  60. News: Eduardo Arango cesa en el Canal 51. January 9, 1986. 2. El Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072843/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105313605/eduardo-arango-cesa-en-el-canal-51/. live.
  61. News: Duelo noticioso en los canales. September 26, 1986. 10. Stephanie. Loudis. El Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072844/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105313443/duelo-noticioso-en-los-canales/. live.
  62. News: Latin TV news directors debate local coverage. April 26, 1986. 3B. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072844/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105315307/latin-tv-news-directors-debate-local/. live.
  63. News: She's living an American dream: From Mariel to television, María Montoya has gone the distance. January 19, 1987. 1C, 2C. Patricia. Duarte. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072844/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105315446/shes-living-an-american-dream-from/. live.
  64. News: Ambrosio Hernández: un sueño hecho realidad. December 5, 1987. 3D. Ambrosio Hernández: a dream made reality. Beatriz. Parga. es. El Nuevo Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072845/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105316039/ambrosio-hernndez-un-sueo-hecho/. live.
  65. News: WSVN's Bret Lewis leaves Miami, keeps Fond memories. March 4, 1988. 13E. Stephanie. Loudis. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072845/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105315545/wsvns-bret-lewis-leaves-miami-keeps/. live.
  66. News: New Ch. 51 boss shifts news, plans to move cautiously. May 6, 1988. 14E. Stephanie. Loudis. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072845/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105317001/new-ch-51-boss-shifts-news-plans-to/. live.
  67. News: Ch. 10 contemplates lineup; others still making changes. June 3, 1988. 13E. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072845/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105317060/ch-10-contemplates-lineup-others/. live.
  68. News: Spanish superstar's options may include English stations. June 16, 1988. 6D. Tom. Jicha. The Miami News. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072847/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105317221/spanish-superstars-options-may-include/. live.
  69. News: Channel 23 execs may offer demoted anchor a talk show. June 5, 1988. 5B. Beatriz. Parga. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072845/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105317163/channel-23-execs-may-offer-demoted/. live.
  70. News: Callava will join WSCV-51: Popular anchor makes switch from Channel 23. August 26, 1988. 1B, 2B. Juan Carlos. Coto. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072851/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105317283/callava-will-join-wscv-51-popular/. live.
  71. News: Spanish TV rivalry heats up. September 4, 1988. 1K, 6K. Juan Carlos. Coto. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072845/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105317545/spanish-tv-rivalry-heats-up/. live.
  72. News: Changes sweep Spanish stations into ratings war. October 28, 1988. 8C. Stephanie. Loudis. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072846/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105317856/changes-sweep-spanish-stations-into/. live.
  73. News: Argentine newsman teams with Callava. November 17, 1990. 4E. Stephanie. Loudis. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072846/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105318722/argentine-newsman-teams-with-callava/. live.
  74. News: Channel 51 newscast returns: But 'new look' resembles the old. July 14, 1992. 3B. Lydia. Martin. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072846/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105318835/channel-51-newscast-returns-but-new/. live.
  75. News: Newsroom purge leaves Callava as sole Ch. 51 anchor: Comeback hopes rest on her. July 20, 1992. 1C, 3C. Lydia. Martin. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072846/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105318870/newsroom-purge-leaves-callava-as-sole/. live.
  76. News: Secreto a voces: Ambrosio Hernández al Noticiero 51. February 9, 1993. 1B. Beatriz. Parga. es. Open secret: Ambrosio Hernández to News 51. El Nuevo Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072847/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105319008/secreto-a-voces-ambrosio-hernndez-al/. live.
  77. News: Montoya presentará un noticiero del 51. February 18, 1999. 2A. Erwin. Pérez. es. Montoya will host a newscast on 51. El Nuevo Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072846/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105319056/montoya-presentar-un-noticiero-del-51/. live.
  78. News: Chang . Daniel . January 13, 2001 . And here now the news . 1E, 3E . The Miami Herald . Newspapers.com . October 2, 2021 . October 2, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211002034946/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86337731/and-here-now-the-news/ . live .
  79. News: Channel 51 finally tunes into the big picture. July 17, 2001. 1E, 3E. Stephen. Smith. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710075433/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105320219/channel-51-finally-tunes-into-the-big/. live.
  80. News: Callava se va de Telemundo. October 10, 2001. 20A. Erwin. Pérez. es. Callava leaves Telemundo. El Nuevo Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072847/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105319103/callava-se-va-de-telemundo/. live.
  81. News: El canal 23 se roba el 'rating'. December 3, 2004. 3B. Daniel. Shoer Roth. es. Channel 23 takes the ratings. El Nuevo Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072847/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105319451/el-canal-23-se-roba-el-rating/. live.
  82. News: Montoya Gone from Telemundo 51. October 23, 2013. Media Moves. Verónica. Villafañe. July 10, 2022. April 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210419210640/https://www.mediamoves.com/2013/10/montoya-gone-from-telemundo-51.html. live.
  83. News: March 22, 2015. Ambrosio Hernández quits Telemundo to join Univision. Media Moves. Verónica. Villafañe. July 10, 2022. April 22, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210422025508/https://www.mediamoves.com/2015/03/ambrosio-hernandez-quits-telemundo-to-join-univision.html. live.
  84. News: Villafañe . Veronica . September 18, 2014 . Telemundo adds new 30 min newscast at 14 local stations . en-US . Media Moves . July 11, 2021 . November 30, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201130140053/https://www.mediamoves.com/2014/09/telemundo-to-hire-30-to-launch-local-newscasts-at-14-stations.html . live .
  85. News: Telemundo Stations To Launch 5 PM News. June 21, 2016. TVNewsCheck. July 10, 2022. July 10, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220710072848/https://tvnewscheck.com/uncategorized/article/telemundo-stations-to-launch-5-pm-news/. live.
  86. News: Local News Close-Up: South Florida Holds the Keys to Successful Local News. Michael. Malone. June 22, 2022. Broadcasting & Cable. July 10, 2022. July 3, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220703062220/https://www.nexttv.com/news/local-news-close-up-south-florida-holds-the-keys-to-successful-local-news. live.
  87. Web site: DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and the Second Rounds . https://web.archive.org/web/20130829004251/http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-06-1082A2.pdf . dead . August 29, 2013 . March 24, 2012.

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