WFUT-DT explained

Callsign:WFUT-DT
City:Newark, New Jersey
Logo Upright:.9
Logo Alt:The UniMás network logo, the words UNIMÁS in blue in an italic sans serif with some rounded corners, with the words NUEVA YORK below in another sans serif in red.
Country:US
Branding:Spanish; Castilian: italic=no|UniMás Nueva York
Digital:26 (UHF), shared with WXTV-DT
Virtual:68
Owner:TelevisaUnivision
Licensee:Univision New York LLC
Callsign Meaning:Telefutura (former name for UniMás)
Erp:215 kW
Haat:3970NaN0
Facility Id:60555
Coordinates:40.7483°N -73.9858°W
Licensing Authority:FCC

WFUT-DT (channel 68) is a television station licensed to Newark, New Jersey, United States, serving as the UniMás outlet for the New York City area. WFUT-DT is owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision alongside Paterson, New Jersey–licensed Univision station WXTV-DT (channel 41). The stations share studios on Frank W. Burr Boulevard in Teaneck, New Jersey, and transmitter facilities at the Empire State Building in Midtown Manhattan. The programming of both stations and True Crime Network is simulcast to Long Island and southern Connecticut from WFTY-DT (channel 67), broadcasting from Middle Island, New York.

Channel 68 was originally awarded to Walter Reade in 1970 as part of what had initially been an attempt to revive WRTV, a dead UHF station of the mid-1950s broadcasting from Asbury Park. The station was sold to Blonder-Tongue Laboratories and began broadcasting as WBTB-TV on September 29, 1974. It offered a limited amount of New Jersey–specific programming but ran out of money after just 90 days. The station returned on September 28, 1975, this time as a specialist outlet offering financial, foreign-language, and children's programs. The station was notable as the first broadcast outlet for The Uncle Floyd Show, a local children's program that gained a cult following in the New York metropolitan area.

After conglomerate Wometco Enterprises reached a deal to become channel 68's majority owner, on March 1, 1977, WBTB-TV became the first station in the U.S. at that time to broadcast subscription television programming to paying users. When Wometco closed on the transaction, the station changed its call sign to WTVG and then WWHT, and the subscription service took the name Wometco Home Theater (WHT). WHT provided first-run movies and New York sports programming to households in areas unserved by cable. Its reach was expanded in 1980 when WHT began appearing on channel 67, then WSNL-TV; Wometco acquired that station outright in 1981. At its peak, WHT served more than 111,000 subscribers and was the fourth-largest STV system in the nation.

The death of Wometco majority owner Mitchell Wolfson in 1983 triggered a leveraged buyout by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR). As subscriptions declined due to rising cable penetration, Wometco sold off the WHT business but kept channels 68 and 67, which began broadcasting a music video service known as U68 on June 1, 1985. U68 was a locally programmed competitor to MTV with a more eclectic mix of music. The stations were put on the market in December 1985 because KKR executed a second leveraged buyout, this time of Storer Communications, and chose to retain Storer's cable systems in northern New Jersey and Connecticut over WWHT and WSNL-TV. The two stations were sold to the Home Shopping Network (HSN) as part of its foray into broadcasting; renamed WHSE and WHSI, they broadcast home shopping programming for the next 15 years. While an attempt by company owner Barry Diller to convert the stations to general-entertainment independents was slated as late as 2000, Diller ultimately sold WHSE and WHSI and other USA Broadcasting stations to Univision in 2001. Many of these stations formed the backbone of Telefutura (now UniMás), which launched in January 2002.

Early years

Prehistory

In August 1966, two groups applied for channel 68 in Newark, New Jersey, which they hoped to telecast from the Empire State Building in New York City. One application came from Clifton S. Green, a businessman from Brooklyn, while the other came from Atlantic Video Corporation, owned by the Walter Reade Sterling chain of movie theaters. Their proposals to use the Empire State Building were contested by WPIX and the Association of Maximum Service Telecasters as being too close to the allotment of channel 67 to Patchogue, New York, and circumventing the need to serve Newark, not New York.[1] The Reade application was unique in that it was initially filed as the modification of a construction permit for Reade's long-dead WRTV (channel 58) in Asbury Park;[2] WPIX also contended that the relocated channel 68 facility would not serve Monmouth or Ocean counties in New Jersey.[3] The next year, Walter Reade amended its application to specify a tower in West Orange, New Jersey.[4] In 1969, the commission deleted WRTV and its call letters, proceeding to consider the Newark modification as a request for a construction permit.[5]

Reade was awarded the channel 68 construction permit in March 1970.[6] The Reade organization promised that the new station, which it intended to retake the WRTV call sign, would be a commercial, general-market UHF station, the first such station not to primarily program for ethnic communities in the New York metropolitan area.[7] The WRTV call letters never made it to Newark. McGraw-Hill applied for them to be used to rename WFBM-TV in Indianapolis, which it was acquiring from Time-Life, in 1971;[8] the new designation began use in Indianapolis on June 2, 1972.[9]

WBTB-TV: Blonder-Tongue ownership

In 1972, Atlantic Video agreed to sell the channel 68 construction permit, designated WWRO, to the Blonder-Tongue Broadcasting Corporation, a division of Old Bridge Township, New Jersey–based Blonder-Tongue Laboratories. Blonder-Tongue's ambition for channel 68 was to use it as the first station to test its recently approved BTVision subscription television (STV) technology, which would beam otherwise scrambled pictures into the homes of paying subscribers with decoders.[10] Isaac Blonder, a Blonder-Tongue executive, cited the potential for STV to acquire the rights to first-run movies and entertainment programs previously unavailable over conventional, ad-supported television, [11] and he believed his service would eventually have as many as 500,000 subscribers in the New York metropolitan area.[12] Blonder-Tongue obtained FCC approval to acquire channel 68 in August, leaving it the task to build the station, which was given new WBTB-TV call letters. Immediate development of the station was halted because of a faltering stock market.

Blonder-Tongue applied in 1973 for approval to build a 400feet tower for the station in the Eagle Rock Reservation in West Orange.[13] The station struggled to convince Essex County officials, who had previously advocated against the use of park land for towers;[14] West Orange officials, who had recently passed more stringent ordinances; and the public.[15] This greatly frustrated Blonder, who told The Home News, "Down with environmentalists! ... All they know is the unintelligent use of nature. Ban anything new, that's all they care about."[16] The tower was constructed, but the West Orange Borough Council sued its owner for creating "visual pollution", a case soon settled.[17]

WBTB-TV began broadcasting on September 29, 1974. The station would initially operate in evening hours with free, ad-supported programming and initiate subscription service at a later date, though it would also test the BTVision system outside of regular programming. The first studios were a converted two-story house in West Orange;[18] the living room became a studio, the control room occupied the former kitchen, and upstairs bedrooms were turned into offices.[19] The initial lineup included children's programming, a half-hour New Jersey newscast and nightly public affairs program, and old Hopalong Cassidy films and other classic shows.[20] [21] [22] The station had a local children's show, The Uncle Floyd Show, on Saturdays; this weekly, live program grew out of a public-access cable series in Pompton Lakes.[23] The station left the air on December 27, telling the FCC that it needed to resolve technical and financial difficulties before returning to the air. In March 1975, Blonder testified at a New Jersey State Senate committee hearing about the state's lack of TV news coverage that channel 68 ceased broadcasting because it lacked advertisers and because local businesses were actively against supporting the new television station.[24]

Nine months after leaving the air, WBTB-TV returned on September 28, 1975.[25] This time, it adopted a format dominated by specialty programs. During the day, the station offered daytime financial news coverage, which was produced by Eugene Inger. Inger provided financial support in exchange for shares in Blonder-Tongue Broadcasting and hosted the financial report.[26] At night, it offered shows in a variety of foreign languages, the Christian show The PTL Club, and shows on New York entertainment and the Grand Ole Opry. The Uncle Floyd Show returned to WBTB-TV, this time as a live half-hour aired twice a week.[27]

Wometco ownership

Launch of Wometco Home Theater

In April 1976, Wometco Enterprises, a Florida-based media conglomerate that owned television stations in Florida, North Carolina, and Washington state, as well as movie theaters and cable systems in New Jersey and elsewhere, agreed to buy 80 percent of WBTB in exchange for paying $1.5 million of its debts. Wometco would proceed with the development of subscription television on channel 68 using Blonder-Tongue equipment.[28] Wometco planned to program the station's ad-supported broadcast day with shows for children.[29] With Wometco's backing, WBTB-TV sent out its first subscription television programs using the BTVision system on March 1, 1977. Some 200 families in South Orange served as the pilot market for the subscription service, which initially broadcast two movies a night for $12.95 a month.[30] The films had ceased running in theaters but had yet to premiere on network television.[31]

The FCC granted Wometco approval to acquire the majority stake in July 1977; however, it gave the company two years to sell off the New Jersey cable systems, as at the time cross-ownership of broadcast stations and cable systems in the same areas was not permitted.[32] At the time Wometco took over operations of WBTB and the BTVision service, technical issues at channel 68 had kept the service from expanding beyond South Orange; it only had 500 subscribers.[33] The new owners appointed the assistant general manager of WTVJ, Wometco's television station in Miami, to run the operation. The station changed its call sign to WTVG on July 29, 1977.[34] BTVision then changed its name to Wometco Home Theater (WHT).[35]

Over the next several years, Wometco expanded the availability of WHT, community by community, focusing on areas not already served by cable systems. As 1977 turned to 1978, Wometco launched a promotional push for its service; that year, the station built a translator on channel 60 atop the World Trade Center, rebroadcasting its signal in New York City,[36] and it added 800 subscribers a week.[37] By March 1979, it had nearly 40,000 subscribers, primarily in parts of New Jersey and the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island.[38] In addition to adding a matinee movie, it bolstered the programming offering in 1979 by adding sports broadcasts from SportsChannel New York, a regional cable service: this brought the New York Mets, New York Yankees, New York Islanders, and New Jersey Nets to WHT. By this time, the monthly service charge had increased to $17.[39] WHT's subscriber base had grown to 72,000 by year's end.[40]

Beyond WHT, Channel 68 continued its ad-supported broadcasting. The station produced regular programs on senior citizens and the Black community, as well as a 15-minute New Jersey news roundup; it tried its hand at all-night programming after WHT concluded with the short-lived The All-Night Show.[41] The largest attraction continued to be children's shows. Ken Taishoff, who took over as general manager in 1979, noted that children were more likely to turn to a UHF station than their parents; this strategy gave WTVG its first rating point in the late afternoons when it aired the shows.[42] The Uncle Floyd Show began to attract a cult following. The station had grown enough to merit the addition of a trailer next to the studio house to accommodate more offices.[43]

To identify itself with the WHT service, WTVG changed its call sign to WWHT on July 16, 1979.[44]

Channel 68 adds 67

See main article: WFTY-DT.

Long Island's only commercial TV station, WSNL-TV (channel 67), returned to the air in December 1979 after a silence lasting more than four years.[45] [46] The station had been built in 1973 as a full-time commercial independent station for Long Island but was a financial failure. It returned to the air after CanWest Capital Group paid off all of its debts in exchange for the rights to broadcast STV programming from WSNL-TV.[47]

Concerned that a service reaching just Long Island might not be viable, CanWest approached Wometco. In January 1980, the two companies formed a joint venture to bring Wometco Home Theater to Long Island over channel 67. The station began airing Wometco Home Theater that June after returning to the air from a fire.[48]

The FCC approved of Wometco acquiring WSNL-TV in November 1980. Because channels 67 and 68 had overlapping signals, Wometco would operate WSNL-TV as a simulcast of WWHT with up to four and a half hours a week of its own programming.[49] Wometco closed on the purchase in January 1981,[50] and in June, it bought out CanWest's interest in the joint venture and became the sole owner of WSNL while sharing ownership of WWHT with Blonder-Tongue.[51] Earlier that year, the largest possible competitive threat to Wometco Home Theater, a proposed ON TV system on WNJU-TV (channel 47), dissipated when the owner, Chartwell Communications, opted against competing with WHT.[52]

On November 30, 1981, WWHT–WSNL began airing daytime programming from the new Financial News Network (FNN) between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m.[53] With the extended reach of WHT, the service boasted 111,200 subscribers in June 1982, making it the fourth-largest STV operation in the country behind the ON TV operations in Los Angeles and Chicago and the SelecTV operation in Los Angeles.[54] This year was the peak for subscription operation as the early 1980s recession deepened and cable systems continued building out in areas served by STV.[55] In addition, beginning in 1981, Wometco Home Theater was also seen on WRBV-TV (channel 65) in southern New Jersey and the Philadelphia area,[56] where it had as many as 20,000 subscribers before closing in November 1984.[57]

WWHT and WSNL began broadcasting WHT programming 20 hours a day on March 1, 1983, and discontinued all ad-supported telecasting, including FNN and Uncle Floyd.[58] [59] They were able to do so because the FCC had abolished the so-called "28-hour rule"—which required stations to provide a minimum of, on average, four hours a day of non-subscription programming—in June 1982.[60] The Uncle Floyd Show returned to television on the New Jersey Network later in 1983.[61]

KKR buyout of Wometco

Mitchell Wolfson, the founder of Wometco, died of a heart attack on January 28, 1983.[62] He left the company with no clear succession plan,[63] and no one was designated as a succeeding chairman.[64] In fact, Wolfson was the largest stockholder in Wometco at the time of his death.[65]

After approving several measures in a shareholders meeting designed to prevent a hostile takeover, the Wolfson family and Wometco board sold the company to merchant banker Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) on September 21, 1983, in a $1 billion leveraged buyout,[66] the largest in history at the time.[67] While Wometco still existed after the buyout was completed on April 13, 1984, the company was taken private and split into two entities:[68] one based around the television station licenses and Wometco Home Theater and the other centered around the theater chain, Miami Seaquarium, bottling, and cable divisions.[69] [70]

With rapidly advancing cable and declining subscriptions, KKR began the process of ending the subscription television era of WWHT and WSNL. On November 1, 1984, Wometco ceased programming the service and instead began passing through movies from SelecTV; at that time, it still counted some 80,000 subscribers.[71] It sold the WHT service to Pay TV of Greater New York.[72] That company renamed itself Cooper Wireless Cable and began broadcasting from the channel 60 translator, though in doing so it lost subscribers who could not receive the low-power signal from the World Trade Center.[73] Meanwhile, KKR contemplated reformatting WWHT–WSNL as general-entertainment independents with syndicated reruns.[74]

In April 1985, KKR executed another leveraged buyout, this one of Storer Communications, then facing a shareholder revolt[75] and a hostile takeover attempt by Comcast.[76] The deal was completed in December 1985; however, approval by the FCC was contingent on KKR divesting either Storer's cable systems in northern New Jersey and Connecticut, serving 195,000 subscribers, or WWHT–WSNL within 18 months to satisfy cross-ownership rules. While Storer and Wometco remained nominally separate companies, the FCC recognized KKR as the primary owner of both and forced it to make a number of station or system divestitures. Storer already had announced it would keep the cable systems over WWHT and WSNL.[77]

U68

With the end of WHT programming, channels 68 and 67 switched to a music video format known as U68 on June 1, 1985. The new format came together in just ten days[78] and originally broadcast for twelve hours a day.[79] In the morning hours, WWHT and WSNL continued to offer non-video religious and community affairs shows.

U68 touted its format as specifically programmed for the New York market in contrast to the national cable service of MTV; it carved out time to air videos by local acts. It offered R&B, pop, and heavy metal music in dayparts, as well as music newsbreaks—which Uncle Floyd returned to channel 68 to co-host.[80] It had a broader format than MTV with more urban contemporary and metal music;[81] program director Steve Leeds called it "all over the place musically".[82] As a music video station and not merely a program, it was subject to the six-month exclusivity that MTV demanded from some labels for new titles.[83] At the end of 1985, it extended to begin late-night broadcasting to 1 or 2 a.m. six nights a week.[84] The service also produced a music video, for "Put That Head Out" by rap artist Funkmaster Wizard Wiz.[85]

Home shopping and Telefutura/UniMás

On August 4, 1986, the Home Shopping Network (HSN) announced that it would enter the broadcast television business by buying three stations in two acquisitions: WWHT and WSNL-TV, as well as the Boston area's WVJV "V-66", a station with a similar format to U68. The three stations went for $46 million. The stations would carry the newly established Home Shopping Network 2 service, which offered a more upscale assortment of products than the existing HSN.[86] News that U68 was likely on its way out to make way for home shopping programming led Pablo Guzmán in the New York Daily News to praise the "quality service" that it provided to homes without cable in spite of MTV's restrictions and other challenges[87] and his colleague Jim Farber to laud its "innovative, genre-busting programming and no creepy veejays".[88] On October 6, 1986, HSN closed on the WWHT–WSNL deal and began programming both stations with home shopping.[89] Five production employees lost their jobs with the transition to home shopping.[90] HSN also changed the stations' call letters from WWHT and WSNL to WHSE and WHSI, respectively,[91] effective January 23, 1987.[92]

The purchase of the New York and Boston stations started a shopping spree for HSN. By January 1987, it had acquired stations serving Baltimore and Washington, D.C., Chicago, Cleveland, Houston, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia. It later added stations in the Dallas–Fort Worth, Miami, and Tampa Bay markets, giving it 12 stations and making it the fifth-largest station owner by reach in the country as of 1992, behind the Big Three networks and Tribune Broadcasting.[93] That year, HSN spun off the twelve stations into a new company, Silver King Broadcasting.[94]

A joint venture led by Barry Diller bought the Silver King stations in 1996.[95] As late as 2000, Diller promised to bring the CityVision general-entertainment independent format that USA Broadcasting was slowly rolling out in its portfolio to New York and Los Angeles. CityVision had made it to four cities, but it proved costly to operate and was a ratings disappointment outside of live sports. USA Station Group Partnership of New Jersey, the licensee of WHSE, registered a trademark on WORX as a future call sign in October 2000.[96] After discussions for a joint venture with ABC fell apart, the USA Broadcasting stations were sold to Univision for $1.1 billion in a deal announced in December 2000.[97] [98] The USA–Univision deal created seven new duopolies, including the pairing of WHSE and WHSI with Univision's WXTV (channel 41).

In the immediate aftermath of the September 11 attacks of 2001, channel 68 temporarily simulcast WABC-TV, which broadcast from the World Trade Center.[99] It was later joined by channel 67.[100] The station ceased broadcasting HSN on October 1, 2001, and temporarily switched to the American Independent Network.[101]

Univision used most of the stations it acquired by USA Broadcasting to launch a second network, Telefutura, which debuted on January 14, 2002.[102] The stations adopted new WFUT and WFTY call letters, respectively.[103] Telefutura rebranded as UniMás in 2013.[104]

In 2008, Univision experimented with adding 7 a.m. local morning newscasts to four of its Telefutura stations, including WFUT–WFTY.[105] This continued through at least 2014.[106]

Technical information

Subchannels

License! scope = "col"
ChannelRes.AspectShort nameProgramming
WFUT-DT 68.1WFUT-DT UniMás
68.2CRIME True Crime Network (WFTY-DT)
68.3GetTV Get
WXTV-DT41.1720p 16:9 WXTV-DT Univision
41.2480i Bounce Bounce TV
41.3NVSN Nuestra Visión
11.2480i 4:3 Antenna Antenna TV (WPIX)
11.4RewTv Rewind TV (WPIX)
Subchannel broadcast with MPEG-4 video

Analog-to-digital conversion

WFUT discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over UHF channel 68, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station relocated its digital signal to channel 30, using virtual channel 68.[107]

In the incentive auction, WXTV's spectrum was sold for $198,965,211, and the station's license was consolidated onto one channel with co-owned WFUT.[108] WFUT–WXTV relocated its signal from channel 30 to channel 26 on August 1, 2019, as a result of the 2016 United States wireless spectrum auction.[109]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: 74, 76. Broadcasting. UHF stick opposed on Empire State Building. August 15, 1966. .
  2. Web site: FCC History Cards for WFUT-DT. Federal Communications Commission.
  3. News: Reade's TV Application Opposed. August 14, 1966. 59. Asbury Park Sunday Press. Asbury Park, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202060002/https://www.newspapers.com/article/asbury-park-press-reades-tv-application/136065885/. live.
  4. News: Seek to re-activate WRTV. September 15, 1967. 13. The Daily Record. Long Branch, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045636/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-record-seek-to-re-activate-wrt/73227590/. live.
  5. News: Broadcasting. August 4, 1969. 61. For the Record. .
  6. News: TV License Is Approved. March 21, 1970. 15. The Central New Jersey Home News. New Brunswick, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045732/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-central-new-jersey-home-news-tv-lice/136065952/. live.
  7. News: . Variety. 41. Reade's CP for U In NY-NJ, 1st Of Area Non-Ethnic. March 25, 1970.
  8. News: 67. For the Record. . Broadcasting. May 24, 1971.
  9. News: Farewell WFBM-TV/Hello WRTV 6. June 2, 1972. 31. The Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045613/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-indianapolis-star-farewell-wfbm-tvh/136076535/. live.
  10. News: Blonder May Sell Channel 68 Permit. March 17, 1972. Enjoyment 4. The Daily Register. Red Bank, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045749/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-register-blonder-may-sell-chan/136066049/. live.
  11. News: Little Different from Cable TV: Madison Firm Initiates Plans for Subscription TV. March 29, 1972. 12. John. Dorfman. The Central New Jersey Home News. New Brunswick, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045622/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-central-new-jersey-home-news-little/136066091/. live.
  12. News: Subscription TV Facility Licensed. August 11, 1972. Enjoyment 5. The Daily Register. Red Bank, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202060009/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-register-subscription-tv-facil/136066165/. live.
  13. News: Park body studies UHF tower request. September 27, 1973. 12. The Herald-News. Passaic, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045635/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-park-body-studies-uhf-to/136066203/. live.
  14. News: Tower decision up in the air. October 18, 1973. 14. The Herald-News. Passaic, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045634/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-tower-decision-up-in-the/136066216/. live.
  15. News: Essex park commission defers action on TV tower request. November 2, 1973. 13. The Herald-News. Passaic, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045615/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-essex-park-commission-de/136066249/. live.
  16. News: Conservationists make coping tough for Blonder-Tongue. January 21, 1974. B7. Ann. Ledesma. The Central New Jersey Home News. New Brunswick, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045648/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-central-new-jersey-home-news-conserv/136066291/. live.
  17. News: Over-the-air pay TV tuned in for N.J.. March 20, 1974. 18. Robert. Windrem. The Central New Jersey Home News. New Brunswick, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045626/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-central-new-jersey-home-news-over-th/61998852/. live.
  18. News: News Around the Dials: Pay-TV for Greater N.Y.. July 19, 1974. 73. Val. Adams. Daily News. New York, New York. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045633/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-news-around-the-dials-pay-tv/136077197/. live.
  19. News: NHS Graduate Program Head At TV Station. November 13, 1975. 1, 6. The Nutley Sun. Nutley, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045644/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-nutley-sun-nhs-graduate-program-head/61998895/. live.
  20. News: Around the Dials: Hoppy Rides Again on TV. September 12, 1974. 95. Val. Adams. Daily News. New York, New York. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045643/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-around-the-dials-hoppy-rides/136066311/. live.
  21. News: A New TV Station To Focus on State. September 15, 1974. J1. Edward. Norton. Daily News. New York, New York. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045702/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-a-new-tv-station-to-focus-on/61998868/. live.
  22. News: New Jersey gets TV station. September 27, 1974. B-14. Allen. MacAulay. The Record. Hackensack, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045652/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-record-new-jersey-gets-tv-station/136066402/. live.
  23. News: Glen Rock man on TV. December 4, 1974. 37. Shopper News. Paramus, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045712/https://www.newspapers.com/article/shopper-news-glen-rock-man-on-tv/136066455/. live.
  24. News: News coverage debated. March 18, 1975. A-5. Robert. Feldberg. The Record. Hackensack, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045616/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-record-news-coverage-debated/136066483/. live.
  25. News: Channel 68 back with new format. September 24, 1975. B-17. The Record. Hackensack, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045622/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-record-channel-68-back-with-new-form/136066531/. live.
  26. News: Investor's TV option pays off. November 16, 1975. D-1, D-5. Matt. Cahill. The Record. Hackensack, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045630/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-record-investors-tv-option-pays-off/136066646/. live.
  27. News: Glen Rock man stars in new television show. October 8, 1975. 27. Shopper News. Paramus, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045740/https://www.newspapers.com/article/shopper-news-glen-rock-man-stars-in-new/136066547/. live.
  28. News: Channel 68 to be sold to Florida conglomerate. April 21, 1976. 29. Rod. Hirsch. The Central New Jersey Home News. New Brunswick, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045658/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-central-new-jersey-home-news-channel/61998918/. live.
  29. News: Wometco blueprint for N.J. success. Broadcasting. . August 30, 1976. 41.
  30. News: S. Orange Viewers Get Exclusive TV Service. April 20, 1977. 27. Associated Press. Daily Record. Morristown, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045625/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-record-s-orange-viewers-get-exclu/136067281/. live.
  31. News: . 59. Wometco's Newark U begins pay service. Broadcasting. March 14, 1977.
  32. News: 39–40. Broadcasting. Cox, Wometco get waivers on cable crossownership. July 18, 1977. .
  33. News: 1, 10. . Kevin. McDonald. Wometco now has pay TV station; to beef up marketing. The Hollywood Reporter. July 25, 1977.
  34. News: Wometco buys into NY pay-TV. July 29, 1977. 6A. Todd. Mason. The Miami News. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045621/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-news-wometco-buys-into-ny-pay/136063364/. live.
  35. News: 39. Wometco Paysee To Expand To N.Y.. Variety. August 10, 1977. .
  36. News: . STV push on in Newark. Broadcasting. January 2, 1978. 53–54.
  37. News: Susan. Wagner Leisner. Barron's. . Wometco's Mix: Sprightly Bottler of Soft Drinks Hopes Growing TV Interests Will Add Fizz. 36. February 12, 1979.
  38. News: Over-Air Pay TV Succeeds at WTVG. Les. Brown. The New York Times. March 26, 1979. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202051042/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/26/archives/overair-pay-tv-succeeds-at-wtvg-tv-on-sturdy-footing.html. live.
  39. News: The Hollywood Reporter. . 3. Wometco subscribers in N.Y., N.J. to get live pro sports. August 7, 1979.
  40. News: Broadcasters find that pay TV pays off. December 3, 1979. B-1, B-4. Lou. Lumenick. The Record. Hackensack, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045721/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-record-broadcasters-find-that-pay-tv/136068172/. live.
  41. News: All-night TV returning to New York. July 20, 1979. D-12. Mike. Botta. The Herald-News. Passaic, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045642/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-all-night-tv-returning-t/136068051/. live.
  42. News: TV controversy: Channel 68 takes aim at NY market. June 1, 1979. A-1, A-6. Anthony. DePalma. The Herald-News. Passaic, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045715/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-tv-controversy-channel/136067885/. live.
  43. News: Shoestring TV Draws a Mixed Audience. July 8, 1979. Dan. Hulbert. The New York Times. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045612/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/07/08/archives/new-jersey-weekly-shoestring-tv-draws-a-mixed-audience.html. live.
  44. News: Pass the test or it's bye for 'NOW!'. July 27, 1979. D-12. Mike. Botta. The Herald-News. Passaic, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045623/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-pass-the-test-or-its-by/136080311/. live.
  45. News: Ch. 67 rides again. December 15, 1979. II:28. Newsday (Nassau Edition). Hempstead, New York. Newspapers.com. November 30, 2023. December 4, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231204054958/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-nassau-edition-ch-67-rides-ag/135884194/. live.
  46. News: December 30, 1979. WSNL-TV Returns to Air On L.I. After 4 1/2 Years. The New York Times. New York New York. July 22, 2017. November 7, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171107115754/http://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/30/archives/wsnltv-returns-to-air-on-li-after-4-years.html. live.
  47. News: B2. January 31, 1980. Canwest joins U.S. firm in bid for N.Y. market. The Globe and Mail. .
  48. News: The Film Journal. 72. FCC Grants Wometco Control of WSNL-TV. January 15, 1981. .
  49. Web site: Memorandum Opinion and Order (83 FCC 2d 359). 359. November 18, 1980. Federal Communications Commission. December 1, 2023. December 4, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231204055028/https://recnet.net/fccrecord/?id=ark:/67531/metadc770893. live.
  50. News: Wometco finalizes TV station buy. 8. January 9, 1981. The Hollywood Reporter. .
  51. News: June 18, 1981. The Hollywood Reporter. . 6. Wometco, Uni venture terminated.
  52. News: Botta . Mike . January 30, 1981 . Ch. 47 to remain free, ABC wants to charge . C-12 . The Herald News . October 26, 2020 . Newspapers.com . March 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210313004232/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/61877365/ch-47-wants-to-remain-free-abc-wants/ . live .
  53. News: Business news network starting. November 12, 1981. C11. Kathleen. Sullivan. The Record. Hackensack, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045703/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-record-business-news-network-startin/136079844/. live.
  54. News: August 16, 1982 . Special Report: Subscription Television . 32–45 . Broadcasting . . October 26, 2020 . World Radio History . October 30, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201030031135/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1982/BC-1982-08-16.pdf . live .
  55. News: Harris . Kathryn . April 3, 1983 . Subscription television is falling on difficult times in some places . TV Week 25 . Indianapolis Star . L.A. Times News Service . October 25, 2020 . Newspapers.com . October 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201029081557/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30948448/subscription-television-is-falling-on/ . live .
  56. News: Channel 65 Newscast Debuts. September 7, 2021. July 14, 1981. Vineland Times Journal. Newspapers.com. 1, 7. September 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210908023637/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84935292/channel-65-newscast-debuts/. live.
  57. News: Pay-TV service to pull plug in area. September 7, 2021. Ron. Wolf. The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1-G. November 28, 1984. September 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210908033332/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84938052/pay-tv-service-to-pull-plug-in-area/. live.
  58. News: Sing in the new with musical cheer on 3 shows. December 30, 1982. 62. Val. Adams. Daily News. New York, New York. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045743/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-sing-in-the-new-with-musical/135881627/. live.
  59. News: 'The Uncle Floyd Show' produces its last laugh. February 24, 1983. 34. David. Salowitz. Daily Record. Morristown, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045659/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-record-the-uncle-floyd-show-prod/136080863/. live.
  60. News: Marketplace wins again at FCC: No holds barred or STV. Broadcasting. World Radio History. June 21, 1982. . 23. August 20, 2022. November 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211108151423/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1982/BC-1982-06-21.pdf. live.
  61. News: 'Uncle Floyd' back on the loose. September 30, 1983. 2. Daily Record. Morristown, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045703/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-record-uncle-floyd-back-on-the-l/136080830/. live.
  62. News: January 29, 1983. Mitchell Wolfson, 82, dies of a heart attack. 1A, 17A. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. April 8, 2021. April 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210416163749/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75390403/mitchell-wolfson-82-dies-of-a-heart/. live.
  63. News: Lyons. David. February 4, 1983. Wometco board names new officers; Wolfson ignored succession in his will. 6A. The Miami News. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. April 9, 2021. April 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210416163751/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75392539/wometco-board-names-new-officers/. live.
  64. News: Dickerson. Brian. February 1, 1983. Wometco stock peaks on talk of sale. 8D–9D. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. April 8, 2021. April 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210416163751/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75393195/wometco-stock-peaks-on-talk-of-sale/. live.
  65. News: Merzer. Martin. April 26, 1983. Wometco raises its defenses. 7D–8D. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. April 9, 2021. April 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210416163757/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75396217/wometco-raises-its-defenses/. live.
  66. News: Merzer. Martin. September 22, 1983. Wometco price tag is $1 billion. 1A, 3A. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. April 9, 2021. April 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210416163800/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75396502/wometco-price-tag-is-1-billion/. live.
  67. News: Sigale. Merwin. September 24, 1983. Proposed buyer of Wometco is a private giant. 1A, 4A. The Miami News. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. April 9, 2021. April 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210416163752/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75397329/proposed-buyer-of-wometco-is-a-private/. live.
  68. News: Sigale. Merwin. April 13, 1984. Wometco now in private hands; will sell units but not Seaquarium. 8A. The Miami News. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. April 9, 2021. March 31, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230331185520/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75408503/wometco-now-in-private-hands-will-sell/. live.
  69. News: Birger. Larry. March 12, 1984. New Wometco to sell its theaters. 5. The Miami Herald Business/Monday. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. April 9, 2021. March 31, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230331185529/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75408637/new-wometco-to-sell-its-theaters/. live.
  70. News: Russell. James. March 15, 1984. Wometco buyout breaks up an institution. 14C. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. April 9, 2021. March 31, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230331185533/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75408556/wometco-buyout-breaks-up-an-institution/. live.
  71. News: The Hollywood Reporter. 3. SelecTV plans assumption of Wometco duties. Jeffrey. Ressner. July 9, 1984. .
  72. News: WHT may expand. March 28, 1985. B-16. Joel. Pisetzner. The Record. Hackensack, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. September 8, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230908144333/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-record-wht-may-expand/61021138/. live.
  73. News: WHT to give viewers choice of programs. May 12, 1985. B8. John A.. Mura. The Herald-News. Passaic, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045650/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-news-wht-to-give-viewers-choi/136067633/. live.
  74. News: Woletz . Bob . April 2, 1985 . Dials flipped to UHF stations: A place for old shows and new investors . Tuesday Business 1, 8 . New York Daily News . Newspapers.com . October 1, 2021 . October 2, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211002034944/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86323777/dials-flipped-to-uhf-stations-a-place/ . live .
  75. News: Lyons. David. April 29, 1985. Storer shareholders wait for the best offer. 7. The Miami Herald Business/Monday. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. April 9, 2021. February 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220219055450/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75431827/storer-shareholders-wait-for-the-best/. live.
  76. News: Stevenson. Richard W.. July 10, 1985. Storer chairman optimistic over buyout of the company. 8A. The Miami News. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. April 9, 2021.
  77. News: 40–42. FCC OK's KKR/Storer minus some waivers. . December 2, 1985. Broadcasting.
  78. News: Pay TV switches to music videos. June 30, 1985. F1, F7. Rod. Hirsch. The Central New Jersey Home News. New Brunswick, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045704/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-central-new-jersey-home-news-pay-tv/136069052/. live.
  79. News: Music News. June 22, 1985. 6. The Week Ahead. Liz. James. John. Petro. Paramus, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045718/https://www.newspapers.com/article/shopper-news-music-news/136068993/. live.
  80. Billboard. Jim. Bessman. U68 Offers Gotham an Alternative to MTV. . July 20, 1985. 33, 35.
  81. News: Nyeah! Nyeah! Keep Your MTV! I've Got My U-68!. July 14, 1985. City Lights 24. Jim. Farber. Daily News. New York, New York. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045645/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-nyeah-nyeah-keep-your-mtv/136069372/. live.
  82. News: Music Videos Try a New Tack. Jon. Pareles. The New York Times. April 13, 1986. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045612/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/13/arts/music-videos-try-a-new-tack.html. live.
  83. News: 141, 148. U.S. Vid Programmers Ready To Accept Broadcast Payments; Europeans Already Used To It. October 2, 1985. Variety. .
  84. . Billboard. December 28, 1985. 63. U68 Expands Programming Week.
  85. News: 28. February 28, 1986. U68 Delivers Its First Music Video. . Back Stage.
  86. News: Home Shopping to buy 3 stations, form network. August 5, 1986. 5D. Joan. Chrissos. The Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045754/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald-home-shopping-to-buy-3/135881977/. live.
  87. News: Please, Say It Isn't So. September 21, 1986. City Lights 12. Pablo. Guzmán. Pablo Guzmán (reporter). Daily News. New York, New York. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045720/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-please-say-it-isnt-so/136069750/. live.
  88. News: A Eulogy For U-68. October 26, 1986. City Lights 27. Jim. Farber. Daily News. New York, New York. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045701/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-a-eulogy-for-u-68/136069844/. live.
  89. News: D22. Reuters. 2 TV Stations Acquired. . October 7, 1986. The New York Times.
  90. News: TV luring millions to shop, buy. February 2, 1987. A1, A13. Larry. Mc Donnell. Asbury Park Press. Asbury Park, New Jersey. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045725/https://www.newspapers.com/article/asbury-park-press-tv-luring-millions-to/136082267/. live.
  91. News: For the Record: Call Letters. 98. Broadcasting. December 22, 1986. .
  92. News: Home Shopping puts 'H' and 'S' into call letters of its stations. January 14, 1987. 9B. St. Petersburg Times. St. Petersburg, Florida. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045706/https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-home-shopping-puts-h-a/136082361/. live.
  93. News: Top 25: Networks still tops in TV group ownership. John. Gallagher. Broadcasting. March 30, 1992. 47–49. .
  94. News: 3, 15. The Hollywood Reporter. Jeffrey. Daniels. December 30, 1992. . HSN wraps Silver King spinoff .
  95. News: Brooks. Boliek. Silver King Diller gets FCC OK. . 4, 35. The Hollywood Reporter. June 13, 1996.
  96. Web site: Trademark Application. Trademark Status & Document Retrieval. United States Patent and Trademark Office. December 1, 2023. July 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210713022850/https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=76140927&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=DEFAULT&searchType=statusSearch. live.
  97. News: Sutter . Mary . DiOrio . Carl . December 13, 2000 . Variety . Univision nabs Diller's USA stations . en-US . December 1, 2023 . December 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045623/https://variety.com/2000/tv/news/univision-nabs-diller-s-usa-stations-1117790303/ . live .
  98. News: 18–19. Univision speaks Barry's lingo: $1.1B. Broadcasting & Cable. December 11, 2000. Steve. McClellan. September 7, 2021. September 26, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210926040502/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-2000/BC-2000-12-11.pdf. live.
  99. Web site: TV beams back into N.Y.. John. Dempsey. Variety. September 20, 2001. February 12, 2018. February 20, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160220131135/http://variety.com/2001/tv/news/tv-beams-back-into-n-y-1117852904/. live.
  100. Web site: 9/11 Plus One. Scott. Fybush. September 11, 2002. fybush.com. December 1, 2023. June 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230610210807/https://www.fybush.com/wtc-recovery/. live.
  101. News: Hurry! Only Two More Months to Catch Mystery Channel 68!. November 14, 2001. Chelsea News.
  102. News: Spanish TV's new accent. January 15, 2002. Metro 3. Phyllis. Furman. Daily News. New York, New York. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045656/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-spanish-tvs-new-accent/136082686/. live.
  103. News: A New Choice for Spanish-Speaking Viewers. January 14, 2002. B19. Verne. Gay. Newsday. Newspapers.com. December 1, 2023. December 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045709/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-a-new-choice-for-spanish-speakin/136082803/. live.
  104. News: Malone. Michael. UniMas Rebranding to Live Entertainment Destination. May 8, 2019. Broadcasting & Cable. May 7, 2019. en-us. May 7, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190507192325/https://www.broadcastingcable.com/news/unimas-rebranding-to-live-entertainment-destination. live.
  105. News: Eggerton . John . April 21, 2008 . Univision Adds One Hour of News to Four TeleFutura Stations . en . Broadcasting & Cable . December 1, 2023 . December 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231202045612/https://www.nexttv.com/news/univision-adds-one-hour-news-four-telefutura-stations-32179 . live .
  106. News: Villafañe . Veronica . November 4, 2014 . Soto named Univision 41 morning anchor . en-US . Media Moves . December 1, 2023.
  107. Web site: May 23, 2006 . DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and Second Rounds . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130829004251/http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-06-1082A2.pdf . August 29, 2013 . August 29, 2021 . Federal Communications Commission.
  108. News: Post-Spectrum Auction Channel Sharing Begins. RBR. January 12, 2018. Adam. Jacobson. September 5, 2021. September 6, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210906044700/https://www.rbr.com/post-spectrum-auction-channel-sharing-begins/. live.
  109. Web site: FCC TV Spectrum Phase Assignment Table. CSV. Federal Communications Commission. April 13, 2017. April 17, 2017. April 17, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170417160749/http://data.fcc.gov/download/incentive-auctions/Transition_Files/Phase_Assignment_Closing_PN.csv. live.

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