WASHC2C explained

WASH complex subunit 2C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WASHC2C gene.^[1] WASHC2C, also known as WASHCAP, VPEF, FAM21A, or FAM21C, expresses itself ubiquitously in bone marrow and thyroid tissues mainly as well as 25 other tissues.^[2] WASHC2C is intracellular and is mainly in the nucleoli, vesicles, and cytosol. The protein has a low immune cell, human brain regional, and a low tissue specificity.^[3] Some diseases that the protein are associated with are Vaccinia and Transient Tic Disorder.^[4]

Function of WASHC2C

WASHC2C is part of the WASH core complex where it functions as a nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) at the surface of endosomes. Here it recruits and activates the Arp 2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization. Actin polymerization plays a key role in the fission of tubules that serve as transport intermediates during endosome sorting. WASHC2C also mediates the recruitment of F-actin-capping protein dimer to the complex as well as the recruitment of the core complex to endosome membranes via binding to phospholipids. The strongest phospholipid bonding the protein does is with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-biphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate. GLUT1 5 is a protein that is recycled via the process of endosome-to-plasma membrane trafficking that WASHC2C plays an important role in . The protein is also required for the endosomal recruitment of CCC, a multi-subunit protein complex, and other subunits such as COMMD1, VPS35L and CCDC93.^[5] WASHC2C is involved in several other processes, negative regulation of barned-end actin filament capping, fluid base endocytosis endosomal transport, and regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.

Structure

The WASHC2C gene size is about 1320 amino acids with a molecular mass of 144911 daltons (Da) or 144.911 kilodaltons (kDa). The protein has a quaternary structure^[6] and a basal isoelectric point of 4.66.^[7]

Further reading

• Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Miyajima N . Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which can code for large proteins in vitro. . DNA Res. . 5 . 1 . 31–9 . 1998 . 9628581 . 10.1093/dnares/5.1.31 . etal. free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . etal. free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . etal. free .
• Brill LM, Salomon AR, Ficarro SB . Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. . Anal. Chem. . 76 . 10 . 2763–72 . 2004 . 15144186 . 10.1021/ac035352d . etal.
• Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV . The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. . Nature . 429 . 6990 . 375–81 . 2004 . 15164054 . 10.1038/nature02462 . 2004Natur.429..375D . etal. free .
• Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D . Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 101 . 33 . 12130–5 . 2004 . 15302935 . 10.1073/pnas.0404720101 . 514446 . 2004PNAS..10112130B . etal. free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 . etal.
• Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C . A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration. . Cell . 125 . 4 . 801–14 . 2006 . 16713569 . 10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032 . 13709685 . etal. free .
• Beausoleil SA, Villén J, Gerber SA . A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. . Nat. Biotechnol. . 24 . 10 . 1285–92 . 2006 . 16964243 . 10.1038/nbt1240 . 14294292 . etal.
• Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F . Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. . Cell . 127 . 3 . 635–48 . 2006 . 17081983 . 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026 . 7827573 . etal. free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: FAM21C family with sequence similarity 21, member C.
2. Web site: WASHC2C WASH complex subunit 2C [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI ]. 2022-05-09 . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
3. Web site: WASHC2C protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas . 2022-05-09 . www.proteinatlas.org.
4. Web site: WASHC2C Gene - GeneCards WAC2C Protein WAC2C Antibody . 2022-05-09 . www.genecards.org.
5. Phillips-Krawczak . Christine A. . Singla . Amika . Starokadomskyy . Petro . Deng . Zhihui . Osborne . Douglas G. . Li . Haiying . Dick . Christopher J. . Gomez . Timothy S. . Koenecke . Megan . Zhang . Jin-San . Dai . Haiming . 2015-01-01 . COMMD1 is linked to the WASH complex and regulates endosomal trafficking of the copper transporter ATP7A . Molecular Biology of the Cell . 26 . 1 . 91–103 . 10.1091/mbc.E14-06-1073 . 1939-4586 . 4279232 . 25355947.
6. Web site: WASHC2C Gene - GeneCards WAC2C Protein WAC2C Antibody . 2022-05-09 . www.genecards.org.
7. Web site: WASHC2C (human) . 2022-05-09 . www.phosphosite.org.