WVIZ explained

Callsign:WVIZ
Logo Alt:The Ideastream symbol, a circle divided into four pieces by a star shape, in blue. To the right, on two lines, the words "ideastream" and "public media" in black in a rounded sans serif. Next to that, in the upper right, black letters W V I Z with a blue line above them.
Branding:WVIZ Ideastream Public Media
Digital:35 (UHF)
Virtual:25
Owner:Ideastream
Location:Cleveland, Ohio
Country:United States
Callsign Meaning:viz. is abbreviation for videlicet, the Latin word meaning "namely"[1]
Former Affiliations:NET (1965–1970)
Erp:219.5 kW
Haat:3300NaN0
Facility Id:18753
Coordinates:41.3861°N -81.6891°W
Licensing Authority:FCC

WVIZ (channel 25) is a PBS member television station in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It is owned by Ideastream Public Media alongside classical music station WCLV and co-managed with Kent State University–owned WKSU, the NPR member for both Cleveland and Akron. The three stations share studio facilities at the Idea Center on Playhouse Square in Downtown Cleveland; WVIZ's transmitter is located in suburban Parma, Ohio.

WVIZ began broadcasting on February 7, 1965, as Cleveland's first educational television station and the 100th such station in the United States. Its activation culminated years of work by business, philanthropic, and educational leaders to bring non-commercial television to Cleveland. For most of its first three decades of service, under general manager Betty Cope, the station intensively focused on producing and broadcasting educational television programming for schools. WVIZ's commitment to instructional fare sometimes came to the exclusion of the types of national and public affairs series other public television stations in major markets began producing as the medium evolved. This began to change after Cope's 1993 retirement, with the introduction of a daytime schedule of children's programs as well as a weekly arts magazine and documentaries focused on area history.

In 2000, WVIZ merged with WCPN, then Cleveland's NPR news, talk and jazz station; the combined venture, known as Ideastream, then moved to new studios in Playhouse Square in 2006. The station produces local news and arts programming to complement programs from PBS and other national public television distributors; Ideastream also manages The Ohio Channel, a statewide service.

History

From educational radio to educational television

Cleveland had been regarded as a forerunner in educational broadcasting well before WVIZ's sign-on. The Cleveland Board of Education built and signed on WBOE, an AM "Apex" station, on November 21, 1938, as the first radio station fully licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for non-commercial educational use.[2] Converted to the FM band in 1941,[3] WBOE operated strictly as an in-school educational tool for the next three decades.[4] The New Republic described WBOE in 1949 as "a model for the country" and "the most exciting broadcasting job being done".[5] Variety suggested in 1944 that WBOE could be a forerunner to educational television and was already "a close facsimile to actual television".[6] Because of the FM band's obscurity, WBOE was almost entirely invisible outside of the classroom: radio supervisor William B. Levenson expressed hope of "a steady, if not rapid growth" in FM educational stations in 1941, but by 1958, WBOE was the only full-market FM signal receivable in neighboring Akron.[7]

In 1952, when the FCC reallocated television channels after lifting its years-long freeze on new TV station grants, channel 25 in the new ultra high frequency (UHF) was assigned to Cleveland as its reserved channel for educational broadcasting.[8] Some interest existed at that time in allocating the channel,[9] but no such station immediately materialized. By 1960, when leaders of various local school systems met to discuss the establishment of an educational station, Cleveland was among the nation's largest cities without one.[10] Some steps were made in 1961 toward getting an educational station on the air, notably when the Cleveland Board of Education voted to refer a property tax to voters. At that time, members of the Cleveland Board of Education disparaged plans by a community association—the Greater Cleveland Television Education Association, formed in 1958—as not knowledgeable of the needs of the school system.[11]

By June 1962, several interested groups had merged into the Educational Television Association of Metropolitan Cleveland (ETAMC), which absorbed the former association and also featured Levenson, now the superintendent of Cleveland schools, as a key member.[12] The Cleveland Foundation provided a $250,000 grant to the association in November 1963, which significantly accelerated the process and made it possible for the new station to qualify for matching grants and apply for a construction permit from the FCC.[13] Cleveland Broadcasting, owners of local radio station WERE (1300 AM), offered ETAMC usage of their tower site in North Royalton through a lease of $1 a month.[14]

ETAMC formally filed for channel 25 on March 31, 1964,[15] after receiving another $150,000 in gifts from two philanthropic organizations.[16] While the application was before the FCC, the association received more gifts, including a $20,000 grant from Storer Broadcasting, owner of WJW radio and television.[17] [18] WJW-TV, along with KYW-TV and WEWS-TV, had previously allocated daily 15-minute blocks to air educational programming produced by WBOE staff, with $30,000 worth of television sets furnished to the classrooms.[19] The federal Department of Health, Education and Welfare granted ETAMC $250,000 in September 1964,[20] and the FCC granted the construction permit on October 9. Another major contribution of $100,000 was made later in 1965 by NBC chairman Robert Sarnoff following NBC's repurchase of the former KYW stations.[21]

Taking to the air

WVIZ-TV began broadcasting on February 7, 1965; it had intended to start on February 1 but had been delayed.[22] It was the 100th public television station to sign on in the United States.[23] The first image broadcast on the station was their test pattern slide, with a silhouetted figure holding up a card reading "THINK" at the center. Initially, channel 25 primarily broadcast taped shows produced by other educational stations.[24] One of the main organizers of the station was Betty Cope, a former producer for WEWS-TV who served as the first director of local programming and production at channel 25.[25] Cope was named general manager eight months after the station began, becoming the first woman to hold that position anywhere in the United States. Cope and others at WVIZ had to contend with being Cleveland's first station on the UHF band. All-channel sets had only recently been mandated by law, and few people were buying new sets or UHF converters to view channel 25 at the outset.[26] Cope recalled that when the station began broadcasting, the strongest response came from viewers in Akron and Youngstown, which both had commercial UHF television stations. As late as 1979, Cope told Raymond P. Hart of The Plain Dealer that she wished WVIZ broadcast on VHF, not UHF.[27]

For two years, WVIZ operated from studios in Cleveland's Max Hayes Trade School, where programs had to be recorded in between school bells and production personnel joined students in weekly fire drills.[28] The station began broadcasting color programming in 1967;[29] that year, it left the trade school for larger quarters in the former Marks Tractor building on Brookpark Road,[30] [31] and it built a new, taller tower at North Royalton to improve its coverage area.[32] In 1968, WVIZ was the first public television station to stage an on-air fundraising auction,[33] generating $52,000 over three days.[34] The auctions quickly became a successful source for operating funds; WVIZ raised $139,000 during the 1971 auction,[35] and raised $447,759 by 1978, a significant portion of the station's $2.5 million budget. The station would host annual in-studio auctions for the next 50 years.[36] Cope's continued presence headlining pledge drives led the Akron Beacon Journal to describe her as "usually asking immodestly for money"[37] and the Lorain Journal to call her "the broadcast industry's answer to the ragged street-corner peddler". Cope was part of an early 1970s effort to keep the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) free from increased government control,[38] serving on a board of station managers that negotiated directly with the CPB while also advocating for more local control.

WVIZ's emergence also coincided with the decline and failure of WBOE. With educational radio being rendered obsolete, WBOE struggled to incorporate National Public Radio (NPR) programming into a lineup that still featured instructional fare.[39] Cleveland Public Radio (CPR) was set up as an outside organization aiming to bring a full-time NPR station to the city and made several rejected offers to buy WBOE.[40] The Cleveland school system found itself in financial turmoil following years of litigation over segregation practices,[41] a failed tax levy[42] and fears of white flight.[43] By April 1978, the district was in debt of $30 million (equivalent to $ in) and threatened with outright closure.[44] WVIZ was approached as a possible interim operator for WBOE[45] before the school district shut the station down in October 1978.[46] An attempt to sell WBOE's assets to the Cleveland Public Library[47] sparked a three-year legal battle with CPR before a compromise between both parties[48] allowed CPR to sign on WCPN on September 8, 1984.[49]

Committed to the schools

As an educational station, it was primarily designed to serve metropolitan Cleveland;[50] at the outset, it provided programming to 255,000 school students in 21 Cleveland-area school systems, and schools supplied $250,000 of the station's original $360,000 budget. The fees were assessed on a per-pupil basis, with the Medina City School District paying WVIZ a total of $3,920 for the 1969–1970 school year.[51] While WVIZ was a member station of National Educational Television (NET), which was replaced by PBS in 1970,[52] its local program production nearly exclusively focused on instructional shows for schools. For several years in the 1970s, WVIZ was the nation's leading producer of schools programs; between 1965 and 1987, it produced 2,000 programs, including 60 series. NewsDepth debuted in 1969 as a weekly news magazine tying currents events to secondary school curriculum.[53] For a period in the 1990s, WEWS assisted in NewsDepths production.

Other early local programs included high school sports coverage; a decade of coverage of Cleveland City Council meetings, which aired from 1967 to 1977; and the 1979 "carnival kickback" trial of George L. Forbes, which marked the first Ohio court case covered by television cameras.[54] A February 25, 1972, Glass Harp rock concert from the WVIZ studios was simulcast in stereo over WMMS; the broadcast was conceived by WMMS program director Billy Bass, an early proponent of music television.[55] Broadcast journalist Hugh Danaceau hosted a series of weekly public affairs shows over WVIZ in addition to anchoring the city council telecasts and local election coverage.[56] Cope's preference towards local productions was modeled around the You Are There technique under the belief certain subject matter was best handled by someone who was well-versed in it and in that respective demographic. Staff from WVIZ's nascent years, including future WEWS Morning Exchange host Fred Griffith, aspired to have the station be a program supplier to PBS, but a lack of people, money and cohesive vision scuttled those efforts.

Some business leaders disagreed with the approach taken in constructing the channel 25 facility, believing that a site to the southeast near Streetsboro would provide better regional coverage and serve more people in cities such as Canton and Youngstown. This left an area that would ultimately receive primary public TV service from WNEO (channel 45) and WEAO (channel 49), which began broadcasting from Alliance in 1973 and Akron in 1975, respectively, as a service of a consortium of the University of Akron, Kent State University, and Youngstown State University.[57] [58] Though WNEO–WEAO was the secondary PBS station for Cleveland, two-thirds of its households did not receive WVIZ. In 1987, WNEO and WEAO sued WVIZ over its ability to withhold PBS programs from the Akron–Alliance station.[59] The following year, the Akron Public Schools signed a one-year deal with WVIZ for instructional TV rights bypassing WNEO–WEAO, with the district crediting WVIZ's larger array of resources as a factor for the switch.[60]

The Ohio Department of Education assumed the role of paying in-pupil fees to the station from the school districts in 1979. Even with the station's various fundraising efforts, in 1977, WVIZ's predominant revenue source continued to come from these fees[61] and districts without a contract were unable to access programs listings furnished by the station.[62] By the early 1980s, WVIZ's instructional programming lineup was networked by the Ohio Educational Broadcasting Network Commission in Columbus to other public television stations in the state. A lineup of internal fixed service channels were set up to relay additional in-school programming, along with an adult learner channel and a program block of college credit telecourses airing over WVIZ in the morning hours.

Starting in 1984, the station launched VIZ-TEC (WVIZ Technologies for Education Center), a long-range project to develop interactive video in the classroom accessible from computers, an early form of video on demand. Director Thomas A. Valenti believed such technology could be viable in five years and dominate instructional television in ten years but still believed in WVIZ's primary mission of "one-way educational TV" during the daytime.[63] In 1987, WVIZ created EDISON, a database of subjects for its 2,400 educational programs; the format was adopted by other broadcasters, including Kentucky Educational Television, Wisconsin Public Television, and KCTS-TV.[64] By 1995, the service had evolved into "Learning Link", an online database offering lesson plans and educational resources to over 4,000 area teachers.[65]

An underdeveloped, untapped resource

In 1979, WVIZ hired WNET producer Milton Hoffman its first executive producer; he oversaw several WVIZ productions before resigning in 1982. The next executive producer, hired in 1984, was Dennis Goulden, a former producer at NBC-owned WKYC-TV (channel 3). Joining the station out of concern for WVIZ's underutilized potential and "dismal image" among the public, Goulden was responsible for the creation of several programs and series, such as Kovels on Collecting, Producers Showcase, Medi-Scene,[66] Dimension, and CookSmart. Because of Cope's stature at the station—likened to the "one woman, one vote" principle—Goulden credited her for developing these shows and also granting him a degree of creative control.[67] Goulden also gave area attorney Larry Elder his first show, Fabric, having been impressed with Elder's interviewing skills and ability to offer a unique perspective.[68]

Industry observers were critical of WVIZ for its near-total lack of national production or cultural programming for a city the size of Cleveland. Between 1965 and 1987, WVIZ produced just two series for national distribution, both featuring antique collectors Ralph and Terry Kovel (in 1972 and 1987),[69] but never originated a program slotted for prime time airing over the network. While still heavily invested in school programming, WVIZ would feature and promote PBS staples like Masterpiece Theatre, Mystery! and NOVA during station pledge drives, with Cope admitting, "That's what people will pay for." WCLV (95.5 FM) announcer Bill Rudman pitched a possible show devoted to the arts, which Cope ultimately rejected, telling The Plain Dealer, "I never had a viewer ask for an arts magazine ... if you're going to give people something they don't know they want, you'd better give them the best darned communicator, or they won't want it." PBS executive Dee Brock lauded the station for their commitment to school programming but felt more could be done to accentuate local production, citing KLRU's success originating Austin City Limits for the network.[70]

Budgetary limits were usually cited as a reason for the local programming deficiency. KCET, which originated for PBS, came close to bankruptcy in 1982 after absorbing significant cost overruns producing the series. Severe cuts in federal government aid to public broadcasting in the early 1980s forced stations to operate on small budgets and forego local productions.[71] While monetary issues were a major consideration, Cope also attributed the comparatively small role of WVIZ in the network to its intensive focus on educational programming; the greater resources of stations on the East and West Coasts; and the reticence of George Szell, longtime head of the Cleveland Orchestra, to have its concerts televised. Originally airing weekly, Medi-Scene was reduced to a monthly series after WVIZ refused to seek underwriting from health-care providers, fearing possible interference. The station was more invested in program development than risk taking and found it difficult to secure local underwriting for shows like The MacNeil-Lehrer NewsHour.[72] Despite this, WVIZ was financially sound in the late 1980s, with revenues exceeding expenses and a lucrative annual on-air auction[73] as opposed to WCPN, which saw a decline in foundation grant support, turnover in the CPR board,[74] and cutbacks to their news department.[75]

Criticism was also made towards the ETAMC board for failing to examine the role WVIZ should play for the region at large, with some board members unaware of WVIZ's local production efforts. In his Point of View newsletter, Roldo Bartimole assailed the ETAMC board's composition: 19 of the board's 39 members had been unchanged between 1976 and 1983, and included many influential area businessmen, corporate executives and investors. Bartimole said, "... the inbred nature of the WVIZ board shows up in the almost total lack of creativity in local programming. It's about as exciting as a rotten apple."[76] Veteran media critic Bill Barrett said of the station in 1984, "I have always thought that, for a public broadcasting station, they (WVIZ) surely don't represent even a fairly sizable minority of the city ... I'd like to see a little more charisma there. In typical Cleveland fashion, they're conservative." Cope later admitted, "I don't think we've been as exciting as I'd like us to be."

1988 did bring one surprise addition to the station, as WVIZ was awarded broadcast rights to the All-American Soap Box Derby; WVIZ originated the telecasts for PBS via underwriter Bridgestone USA over the next ten years.[77] [78]

Evolving the station after Cope

On June 1, 1993, after 28 years at the helm, Betty Cope stepped down as president of WVIZ; in her tenure, she had become closely identified with the station.[79] Upon her retirement, The Plain Dealer editorial board praised WVIZ for being a national leader in educational television but also criticized the station for not having a strong identity and suggested that their past ETV successes hurt the station in the long run among adult audiences.[80] Cope was succeeded by Jerrold Wareham, the former general manager at Greater Dayton Public Television (operators of WPTD in Dayton and WPTO in Oxford).[81] Following the practice of other public television stations under PBS's Ready-to-Learn initiative, WVIZ shifted its daytime schedule to primarily children's shows on September 19, 1994, originally branded as "KidTV on VIZ". The instructional programs and telecourses were relegated to overnights for videotaping purposes after research found most area schools no longer showed them in real-time during a school day.[82] WVIZ also lent its name in 1996 to a Store of Knowledge at SouthPark Mall in Strongsville via an equity interest partnership with Lakeshore Learning Materials;[83] by the time the chain closed nationally in 2001, there were three such WVIZ Stores of Knowledge.[84] Wareham began a five-year program with the goal of bringing WVIZ closer to three peer stations—KCTS-TV in Seattle, KTCA in Minneapolis, and KVIE in Sacramento—in viewer support and partnerships.[85]

Local production increased under Dennis Goulden's successor Mark Rosenberger, including Feagler and Friends, a weekly panel discussion show hosted by Dick Feagler, and Applause, a weekly arts and culture show that debuted in 1998.[86] A series of nostalgia-driven specials titled Cleveland Memories debuted in 1996,[87] quickly proving popular among older viewers and inspiring the Akron-centered Akron Memories.[88] Broadcasting veteran Bob Becker and wife Luanne Bole-Becker[89] produced multiple documentaries, including a local tie-in to the Ken Burns miniseries Baseball,[90] an examination of urban sprawl in the region,[91] and other history-driven fare.[92] WVIZ Cooks debuted in 1995 as a series of live cooking marathons focused on a single subject and became a fixture during station pledge drives over the next 20 years.[93] [94] Blue Suede Shoes: Ballet Rocks!, featuring the Cleveland San Jose Ballet, was nominated for two national Emmy awards in 1998.

Wareham's appointment also portended a significant, long-term change. After meeting WCPN general manager Kit Jensen by chance at a foundation office, Jensen sent Wareham a note saying, "I'm very interested in (a) partnership. Let's talk." The two stations collaborated for the first time with the December 1997 documentary My Land, Your Land, narrated by NPR's Ray Suarez and with an audio simulcast over WCPN;[95] this effort was positively received by both audiences even with multiple logistical challenges.[96] Privately, Wareham and Jensen continued to pitch the idea of a CPR-ETAMC merger through multiple board meetings and with the advice of area foundations and legal representation. WVIZ also started to publicly hint at a WCPN partnership when scouting possible locations for new studios that would be HDTV-compatible per a May 1, 2003, federal deadline.[97]

The station led a live broadcast from Severance Hall of the Cleveland Orchestra in concert on January 8, 2000, commemorating the hall's reopening after an extensive two-year renovation. A joint production between WVIZ and PBS, the broadcast was fed live to other PBS stations around Ohio and aired on the national network in a condensed, hour-long form; PBS previously aired a repackaging by WVIZ of the Orchestra's 1990 concert at Royal Albert Hall.[98]

Formation of Ideastream

After years of deliberation, CPR and ETAMC agreed to a merger of equals on October 13, 2000, to establish a unified source for public broadcasting[99] along with capitalizing on the potential of both online and digital media.[100] Both CPR and ETAMC were almost entirely debt-free, unusual among most mergers and acquisitions following the Telecommunications Act of 1996.[101] While public radio–TV combinations were already common throughout the United States, this marked the first merger between two free-standing public stations.

To emphasize the merger placing both stations on equal footing, the board of directors from CPR and ETAMC were combined into a single board with 62 members, while Wareham became chief executive officer and Jensen became chief operating officer for the new entity, Ideastream. William F. Baker, a Cleveland native and president of WNET, hailed the merger as "... the right direction for public broadcasting to be moving in ... everyone winds up winning, especially the people of Cleveland". The proposed digital-capable studio facility for WVIZ was realized with the Idea Center at Playhouse Square in the Cleveland Theater District; both it and WCPN moved there in the fall of 2005.[102]

The merger allowed WCPN talent to appear on WVIZ productions and vice versa. Dee Perry, host of WCPN's midday arts show Around Noon, took over as host of Applause; by 2013, Around Noon was renamed The Sound of Applause.[103] WCPN host Rick Jackson was reassigned to host WVIZ's NewsDepth in 2005, then added hosting duties for Ideas in 2013 (replacing Feagler and Friends) and eventually WCPN's The Sound of Ideas.[104] [105] The changes, coupled with the loss of several WCPN news staffers and an overall blending of off- and on-air staffs, yielded criticism in 2005 among listeners who felt WVIZ now took priority in Ideastream, a charge Jensen disputed. Several multiplatform projects focusing on Greater Cleveland's economic issues debuted over WVIZ and WCPN during the 2000s through partnerships with The Plain Dealer and Case Western Reserve University. Mark Rosenberger was elevated to director of production and local programming at WVIZ and, in 2018, was named Ideastream's chief content officer.[106]

WVIZ and WCPN were among a list of backing partners for a nonprofit organization created on November 1, 2000, to operate WCLV and its classical format,[107] with a complex asset swap of several area radio stations re-establishing the station at in Lorain on July 3, 2001.[108] WCLV moved their studios to the Idea Center in 2010, was donated to Ideastream the following year[109] and converted to non-commercial status on January 1, 2013.[110] Another addition to the group, WKSU (89.7 FM) in Kent, Ohio, took place on October 1, 2021, via a public service operating agreement with WKSU owner Kent State University.[111] [112] A realignment of Ideastream's radio stations the following March saw WCPN merge operations into WKSU,[113] WCLV's format and call sign move to the former WCPN and the former WCLV become a WKSU repeater.[114] WCLV has carried radio broadcasts of the Cleveland Orchestra since 1965;[115] accordingly, the orchestra has increasingly collaborated with WVIZ for national productions, including a 2018 centennial concert shown on Great Performances[116] and several concerts distributed by American Public Television.[117] [118] During the COVID-19 pandemic, WVIZ broadcast excerpts of the orchestra's digital concerts.[119]

While the Idea Center was originally designed with an abundance of space for both radio and television, Cleveland State University's film and media arts department moved in as a tenant in space usually reserved for WVIZ's fundraising auctions; this resulted in the station's 2018 auction being "reimagined" without in-studio volunteers, ending a 50-year run of auctions for the station. Terry Kovel, who had volunteered as an auctioneer alongside her husband Ralph since 1968, expressed disappointment over the move, saying, "It's a family... It's been a wonderful thing for the city."[120]

In August 2004,[121] WVIZ began broadcasting in digital on channel 26; the station ceased analog broadcasting on June 12, 2009, continuing in digital only on the same channel.[122] The conversion also came with a tower site change as WVIZ moved their permanent digital signal to a newly constructed tower in Parma, Ohio, shared with WKYC.[123] WVIZ relocated its signal from channel 26 to channel 35 on August 2, 2019, as a result of the 2016 United States wireless spectrum auction.[124]

On June 15, 2021, as part of a group-wide effort to celebrate Ideastream's 20th anniversary, WVIZ rebranded as "Ideastream Public Media WVIZ".[125]

Local programming

In 1969, WVIZ debuted NewsDepth, a weekly news program for schools; the program remains in active production to the current day.[126] The station also features Ideas, a weekly current events show that also serves as an extension of WKSU's The Sound of Ideas.[127] Applause, a weekly arts magazine, has been in continuous production since 1998. WVIZ also originates the City Club of Cleveland's Friday Forum with WKSU;[128] [129] since 1992, select installments of the Friday Forum have been rebroadcast nationally over C-SPAN.[130]

WVIZ and WKSU jointly manage the Statehouse News Bureau in Columbus for both public radio and television stations across the state; the bureau also produces The State of Ohio, a weekly news program.[131] WVIZ additionally manages The Ohio Channel, a digital subchannel, on behalf of Ohio's public television stations.[132]

Technical information

Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:

Channel! scope = "col"
Res.AspectShort nameProgramming
25.1 WVIZ-HD PBS
25.2 Ohio Ch The Ohio Channel
25.3 World
25.4 Create Create
25.5 KIDS PBS Kids
25.7Audio onlyWKSU WKSU simulcast
25.8WCLV WCLV simulcast
25.9 CSCN Cleveland Sight Center Network

Translators

WVIZ's translator licensed to Eastlake, W34FP-D, is the last surviving rebroadcaster in a series of transmitters added in the 1970s to improve WVIZ's service to areas east of Cleveland impacted by terrain. The first was installed in Chagrin Falls in October 1977.[133] [134] Service was extended on July 17, 1978, to Ashtabula County on channel 64 and to Geauga and Lake County on channel 67 (the present channel 34).[135] During the repack, the digital replacement translator on channel 30 was installed to improve service in areas to the north and east of downtown Cleveland.[136]

Call sign! scope = "col"
City of licenseChannelERPHAATFacility IDTransmitter coordinates
34 9.2 kW 159.71NaN1 18559 41.6912°N -81.0465°W
30 8.5 kW 65.11NaN1 18753 41.5033°N -81.6747°W

Notable alumni

Notes and References

  1. News: What's in a call letter? Legends, lore behind station names. July 10, 1988. B1, B6. Bob. Dyer. The Akron Beacon Journal. Newspapers.com. May 17, 2023. July 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230707150336/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-whats-in-a-cal/66116178/. live.
  2. News: November 26, 1938 . Listening to Learn . 8 . 14 . Radio Guide . 6 . live . July 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200703124907/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Guide/1938/Radio-Guide-38-11-26.pdf#page=16 . July 3, 2020 . World Radio History.
  3. News: Levenson . William B. . April 1941 . FM for Cleveland School System: How Cleveland's WBOE, Now Changed to FM, Serves as Educational Auxiliary . 1 . 5–7, 45–46 . FM Magazine . 6 . live . July 18, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220408000743/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-FM-Magazine/FM-1941-Apr.pdf#page=7 . April 8, 2022 . World Radio History.
  4. News: March 28, 1976 . Complete guide to area radio . 22 . Akron Beacon Journal TV Preview . Akron, Ohio . live . July 17, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220717235902/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105800560/complete-guide-to-area-radio/ . July 17, 2022 . Newspapers.com.
  5. Carson . Saul . April 11, 1949 . On the Air: Midwest Model . The New Republic . New York, New York . 120 . 15 . 28–29 . .
  6. News: March 8, 1954 . Cleveland paves way for Tele Education . 153 . 35 . Variety . 13 . New York, New York . July 21, 2022.
  7. News: Cullison . Art . March 18, 1958 . WCUE Wins FM License . 24 . Akron Beacon Journal . Akron, Ohio . live . July 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220723195357/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/103275130/wcue-wins-fm-license/ . July 23, 2022 . Newspapers.com.
  8. News: GenealogyBank. City To Get Three More TV Outlets. 1, 11. The Plain Dealer. George E.. Condon. April 14, 1952. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517044617/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/city-get-three-more-tv-outlets/eytiotgzjljoszkgivudqilijcaubxfr_wma-gateway018_1684284727379. live.
  9. News: GenealogyBank. Cost Study Voted for School Video. George J.. Barmann. 1, 6. January 6, 1953. The Plain Dealer. May 17, 2023. July 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230707160302/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/cost-study-voted-school-video/upvfncsyzvqaskayqkjjmjnkuzswhkuu_wma-gateway016_1684284758866. live.
  10. News: GenealogyBank. City Getting TV Teaching Station. 1, 6. Todd. Simon. The Plain Dealer. June 7, 1960. May 17, 2023. July 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230707150309/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings//lctzdsrlagijwbrkeujesywrbcyigenm_wma-gateway007_1684288995034. live.
  11. News: GenealogyBank. First Steps Taken for Schools TV. Al. Andrews. 1, 6. The Plain Dealer. January 31, 1961. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517044550/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/first-steps-taken-schools-tv/hduzljodkyachheojgplquinkhqlniva_wma-gateway007_1684289826687. live.
  12. News: GenealogyBank. TV Education Group Seeks $30,000 Grant. June 27, 1962. 1, 11. Fred P.. Mollenkopf. The Plain Dealer. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517044552/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/tv-education-group-seeks-30000-grant/vsdizorwwyuzddtpcczeuqrxixzaliie_wma-gateway018_1684290063880. live.
  13. News: GenealogyBank. ETV Fund Spur Offered by Peirce. 2. The Plain Dealer. November 5, 1963. May 17, 2023. July 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230707150336/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/etv-fund-spur-offered-peirce/mcnaehbhdxyfdxgbmgkoxalgcquqvgla_wma-gateway019_1684290142412. live.
  14. News: GenealogyBank. Tower Site Is Available for ETV Station Here. 22. November 15, 1963. The Plain Dealer. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517044619/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/tower-site-available-etv-station-here/vjjabuawxvnykrrmpzlsnjdhrxhjgilm_wma-gateway017_1684290163388. live.
  15. Web site: FCC History Cards for WVIZ. Federal Communications Commission.
  16. News: GenealogyBank. City's ETV Gets Added Gifts, Seeks 'Go' Signal. 64. March 12, 1964. The Plain Dealer. May 17, 2023. July 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230707160315/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/citys-etv-gets-added-gifts-seeks-go-signal/ranlmgmmcemejiynzlckogblgwkubiug_wma-gateway003_1684290516346. live.
  17. News: GenealogyBank. $100,000 Gift May Give City TV Go-Ahead Soon. 15. The Plain Dealer. July 31, 1964. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517133610/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/100000-gift-may-give-city-tv-go-ahead-soon/vlozktlmeximnagqvthahupfwnfnypag_wma-gateway010_1684290596774. live.
  18. News: 13. GenealogyBank. $20,000 Given to Educational TV by WJW. The Plain Dealer. August 21, 1964. May 17, 2023. July 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230707150814/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/20000-given-educational-tv-wjw/ovdgrstqmdkvuczxzsdhsmmtmfsnxqpz_wma-gateway007_1684290855028. live.
  19. News: December 5, 1961 . Cleveland Plans Educational TV . 14 . Akron Beacon Journal . Associated Press . Akron, Ohio . live . July 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220722012745/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/103279728/cleveland-plans-educational-tv/ . July 22, 2022 . Newspapers.com.
  20. News: GenealogyBank. Cleveland Educational Television Receives $250,000 U.S. Grant. Alvin. Beam. 1, 6. September 23, 1964. The Plain Dealer. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517044554/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/cleveland-educational-television-receives-250000-us-grant/hhqnsobzganpqqfafixhnwyblkjsxfva_wma-gateway014_1684290883758. live.
  21. News: October 13, 1965 . Cleveland Gets $100,000 For Educational TV . B5 . The Evening Sun . Baltimore, Maryland . May 17, 2023 . Newspapers.com . May 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230518014231/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-evening-sun-cleveland-gets-100000/124884012/ . live .
  22. News: 13. ETV Here Makes Its Debut. GenealogyBank. February 8, 1965. The Plain Dealer. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517053223/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/etv-here-makes-its-debut/yxqfxkovpoysjhompobepddyjwagjbch_wma-gateway017_1684295097878. live.
  23. News: 29. 100th ETV Bows in Cleve. Variety. February 10, 1965. .
  24. News: GenealogyBank. On Air in February: ETV Station Aide to Meet Educators. Harry Jr.. Lenhart. 15. The Plain Dealer. November 20, 1964. May 17, 2023. July 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230707150808/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/air-february-etv-station-aide-meet-educators/cuhqezcqccqyondwpblpupabcnycnhms_wma-gateway003_1684291285125. live.
  25. News: GenealogyBank. WVIZ's Way With Women. 1-E. Alvin. Beam. November 22, 1964. The Plain Dealer. May 17, 2023. July 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230707150807/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/wvizs-way-women/xyxstqyuuudcwtnnbmhudzgucqexvtsa_wma-gateway002_1684294600226. live.
  26. News: GenealogyBank. WVIZ to Widen TV Spectrum Here—but With Few Looking In. Alvin. Beam. TV Week 17, 19. The Plain Dealer. January 29, 1965. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517053220/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/wviz-widen-tv-spectrum-here%e2%80%94-few-looking/awihnpohrmthuarwddahkwvhhlqdrpae_wma-gateway010_1684295006759. live.
  27. News: Raymond P.. Hart. GenealogyBank. Free lunch? Not TV-25 programs. The Plain Dealer. May 13, 1979. 5:8, 5:10. May 18, 2023. May 18, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230518052041/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/free-lunch-not-tv-25-programs/oieipuygvlyhvyyaxymudhheoauyyhfn_wma-gateway018_1684385717623. live.
  28. News: 12A. WVIZ celebrates 50 years on air: Pioneer 'community television' station limited at first to 50 hours a week. Tom. Feran. The Plain Dealer. February 6, 2015.
  29. News: WCET Proposal Due Today On Cash Crisis. January 22, 1967. 7-A. The Cincinnati Enquirer. Newspapers.com. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517055954/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-wcet-proposal-du/124840462/. live.
  30. News: GenealogyBank. WVIZ-TV Purchases New Headquarters. The Plain Dealer. January 27, 1967. 11. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517132113/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/wviz-tv-purchases-new-headquarters/rguzmfvhjmkjxguzfwwwmcygoiijmgwh_wma-gateway012_1684301792172. live.
  31. News: The Plain Dealer. GenealogyBank. WVIZ-TV Moves to New, Spacious Studios. 60. September 6, 1967. May 17, 2023. July 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230707150807/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/wviz-tv-moves-new-spacious-studios/eiiualfaecafimlgrucmsdafixmkozmc_wma-gateway011_1684301979522. live.
  32. News: GenealogyBank. 2-Year-Old WVIZ Is Growing Fast. 6-A. The Plain Dealer. March 19, 1967. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517133611/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/2-year-old-wviz-growing-fast/vuastzgiplybimhvipafbsjlihzaywke_wma-gateway015_1684301856577. live.
  33. News: GenealogyBank. Channel 25 observes 10th birthday Friday. Raymond P.. Hart. The Plain Dealer. February 2, 1975. 7-F. May 18, 2023. May 18, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230518052038/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/channel-25-observes-10th-birthday-friday/gkmzpvqrhegmdlxnlhgzvpmgmdghwawe_wma-gateway012_1684385605144. live.
  34. News: Rosenberg . Donald . Donald Rosenberg . May 13, 1979 . The gavel's banging away on Channel 25 . 4:TV . The Akron Beacon Journal . Akron, Ohio . May 18, 2023 . Newspapers.com . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707150814/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-the-gavels-ban/124841115/ . live .
  35. News: Shippy . Dick . April 27, 1972 . WVIZ Seeks Donated Items For Fund-Raising Auction . C7 . The Akron Beacon Journal . Akron, Ohio . May 18, 2023 . Newspapers.com . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707150813/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-wviz-seeks-dona/124840739/ . live .
  36. Live Televised Auction will be Reimagined as the Idea Center Prepares to Welcome New Tenant . January 30, 2018 . Ideastream . Cleveland, Ohio . Andrus . Calle . May 18, 2023 . December 8, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221208134048/https://www.ideastream.org/about/press-releases/live-televised-auction-will-be-reimagined-as-the-idea-center-prepares-to-welcome-new-tenant . live .
  37. News: Ravenscraft . Pat . April 16, 1974 . Generous With Credit, But Adept At Collecting . B1–B2 . The Akron Beacon Journal . Akron, Ohio . May 19, 2023 . Newspapers.com . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707151304/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-generous-with-c/124962061/ . live .
  38. News: Heldenfels . Rich . September 18, 2013 . Local TV pioneer Betty Cope, 87 . B2 . The Akron Beacon Journal . Akron, Ohio . May 19, 2023 . Newspapers.com . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707151321/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-local-tv-pionee/124963980/ . live .
  39. News: January 29, 1978 . Guide to area radio stations . 20 . Akron Beacon Journal TV Preview . Akron, Ohio . live . July 17, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220717235851/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105798548/guide-to-area-radio-stations/ . July 17, 2022 . Newspapers.com.
  40. News: Frolik . Joe . September 2, 1984 . Public Radio Here At Last . 10–11, 12, 13, 14 . The Plain Dealer Magazine . Cleveland, Ohio . GenealogyBank. live . subscription . September 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220912040623/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings//wpqktcaluzyueqwhmcbduwvwlqoldugs_wma-gateway006_1662870590107 . September 12, 2022 .
  41. News: Delaney . Paul . September 1, 1976 . Judge Says Cleveland's Schools Are Deliberately Segregated . en-US . 25 . The New York Times . New York, New York . live . July 15, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220716025837/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/09/01/archives/judge-says-clevelands-schools-are-deliberately-segregated.html . July 16, 2022 . 0362-4331.
  42. News: Peterson . Iver . April 16, 1978 . Defeat of School Levy in Cleveland Strikes Angry Blow at Busing Plan . en-US . 24 . The New York Times . New York, New York . live . July 15, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220716025837/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/16/archives/defeat-of-school-levy-in-cleveland-strikes-angry-blow-at-busing.html . July 16, 2022 . 0362-4331.
  43. News: Stevens . William K. . March 17, 1976 . Cleveland is Likely to Be the Next Battleground in Controversy Over the Busing of Students for Integration . en-US . 21 . The New York Times . New York, New York . live . July 15, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220716025837/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/03/17/archives/cleveland-is-likely-to-be-the-next-battleground-in-controversy-over.html . July 16, 2022 . 0362-4331.
  44. News: Zaidan . Abe . April 8, 1978 . Cleveland Schools Await Ohio Emergency Session . en-US . Washington Post . Washington, D.C. . live . July 15, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170828164804/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/04/08/cleveland-schools-await-ohio-emergency-session/4768c0c6-7036-4e47-91dc-4e316764b7b0/ . August 28, 2017 . 0190-8286.
  45. News: Feagler . Dick . Dick Feagler . October 11, 1978 . Public radio isn't dead yet . E2 . Akron Beacon Journal . Akron, Ohio . live . July 21, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220329180823/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/55786630/public-radio-isnt-dead-yet/ . March 29, 2022 . Newspapers.com.
  46. News: Feagler . Dick . Dick Feagler . October 6, 1978 . A fatality in the school crisis . C2 . Akron Beacon Journal . Akron, Ohio . live . July 21, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220329180822/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/55792631/a-fatality-in-the-school-crisis/ . March 29, 2022 . Newspapers.com.
  47. News: Hart . Raymond P. . May 12, 1979 . Public radio expected back in the early fall . 3D . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . GenealogyBank. live . subscription . September 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220912040628/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings//jkcrzjjmwzovwvnjsgwbjpjzysnypgqj_wma-gateway003_1662869182761 . September 12, 2022 .
  48. News: Hibbert . Kelly . June 25, 1982 . WBOE airing settled at last . 1A, 14A . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . GenealogyBank. live . subscription . September 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220912040657/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings//yzjovvukhfjvdpgkybhefdadjxwmwwro_wma-gateway002_1662869944434 . September 12, 2022 .
  49. News: Frolik . Joe . August 6, 1984 . Party for 1,200 to launch public radio station . 5D . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . GenealogyBank. live . subscription . September 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220912040728/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings//vlvjwxftyrwajcvyangfqfidnhwmytoz_wma-gateway020_1662870712208 . September 12, 2022 .
  50. News: GenealogyBank. ETV Leaders Differ on Audience Area. January 10, 1965. Harry Jr.. Lenhart. 11-AA. The Plain Dealer. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517053222/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/etv-leaders-differ-audience-area/bbfumxydkuosaatgtpmtfvjjhudolxyq_wma-gateway012_1684294769401. live.
  51. News: Jones . Ted . January 22, 1969 . May Purchase Videotape: Medina Schools Renew Educational TV Pact . C1 . The Akron Beacon Journal . Akron, Ohio . May 19, 2023 . Newspapers.com . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707151332/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-may-purchase-vi/124840773/ . live .
  52. News: Does ETV hold key to fairness?. World Radio History. October 5, 1970. . Broadcasting. 50. October 14, 2022. November 8, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211108151630/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1970/1970-10-05-BC.pdf. live.
  53. News: February 3, 1984 . Media Workshop Slated . 2A . The Times Recorder . Zanesville, Ohio . May 19, 2023 . Newspapers.com . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707151310/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-recorder-media-workshop-slated/124959994/ . live .
  54. News: Tom. Feran. Two-hour special to salute Public TV. The Plain Dealer. 6-D. February 6, 1990. GenealogyBank. May 18, 2023. May 18, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230518052042/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/two-hour-special-salute-public-tv/djyawynfclouaxxperltzuhaggfkugcc_wma-gateway010_1684385656359. live.
  55. Book: Olszewski, Mike . Radio Daze: Stories from the Front in Cleveland's FM Air Wars . Kent State University Press . 2003 . 9780873387736 . Kent, Ohio . 66–70 . August 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161209111044/https://books.google.com/books?id=jlozhlCZFGIC . December 9, 2016 . live . Google Books.
  56. Web site: October 30, 2003 . Hugh Danaceau, 74, was a pioneer in broadcast journalism . May 19, 2023 . Cleveland Jewish News . en . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707151310/https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/archives/hugh-danaceau-74-was-a-pioneer-in-broadcast-journalism/article_d72366d4-207a-5445-8513-5e28e1856f20.html . live .
  57. News: June 1, 1973 . Channel 45? It's WNEO . B6 . The Akron Beacon Journal . May 17, 2023 . Newspapers.com . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707151309/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-channel-45-it/124840478/ . live .
  58. News: September 21, 1975 . Ch. 49 goes on air today . TV Preview 3 . The Akron Beacon Journal . May 17, 2023 . Newspapers.com . May 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230517055951/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-ch-49-goes-on/124840501/ . live .
  59. News: Myers . Marcia . July 4, 1987 . PBS affiliates sue WVIZ for programs . C1 . The Akron Beacon Journal . May 17, 2023 . Newspapers.com . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707151830/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-pbs-affiliates/124840400/ . live .
  60. News: Bruce . Yuvonne . September 27, 1988 . Akron schools switch stations . C1–C2 . The Akron Beacon Journal . Akron, Ohio . May 19, 2023 . Newspapers.com . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707151827/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-akron-schools-s/124840932/ . live .
  61. News: Knechtges . Mary Kay . October 22, 1977 . She Touts Public TV . 12 . The Journal . Lorain, Ohio.
  62. News: October 19, 1971 . Know Your Schools: At Green Jr. High; Board Considers Suit On Heating . The Akron Beacon Journal . B1 . May 19, 2023 . Newspapers.com . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707151850/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-know-your-schoo/124894262/ . live .
  63. News: Barrett . Bill . March 8, 1984 . Plan weds TV, computer to motivate pupils . 5C . News-Journal . Mansfield, Ohio . May 17, 2023 . Newspapers.com . May 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230518041730/https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-journal-plan-weds-tv-computer-to-m/124840544/ . live .
  64. News: 68, 90. WVIZ Cleveland Is Educational Hub With TV Database. . Sanford. Markey. Variety. September 16, 1987.
  65. News: Wareham . Jerry . January 19, 1995 . Another Viewpoint: Public TV vital learning tool . A4 . The Morning Journal . Lorain, Ohio . subscription . May 19, 2023 . NewsBank . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707151810/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=AMNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A17C7A73A72EFB355%40EANX-NB-188897C1C059218C%402449737-1887B83034F1B005%403&hlterms=WVIZ&f=basic . live .
  66. News: WVIZ taking aggressive stance in public TV. July 22, 1985. 7-C. Bill. Barrett. News-Journal. Newspapers.com. May 18, 2023. May 18, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230518043649/https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-journal-wviz-taking-aggressive-stan/124841110/. live.
  67. News: Becky. Freligh. December 20, 1987. GenealogyBank. WVIZ's weak signals: Is station's promise untapped?. 1-H, 6-H. The Plain Dealer. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517053219/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/wvizs-weak-signals-stations-promise-untapped/mkfzacyehhmtgfofzwdoapthrwmhtzgj_wma-gateway015_1684298615481. live.
  68. News: Listen to your Elder: Former Clevelander Larry Elder is doling out conservative advice on Los Angeles talk radio. Sunday 14. Rick. Fleishman. September 10, 1995. The Plain Dealer.
  69. News: Freligh . Becky . December 27, 1987 . Hidden asset: Shrinking violet of PBS, WVIZ coy about national exposure . 1-H, 6-H . The Plain Dealer . GenealogyBank. May 17, 2023 . May 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230517053225/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/hidden-asset-shrinking-violet-pbs-wviz-coy-about-national-exposure/eduzsttondatqctiicrdstoowzujvgxf_wma-gateway005_1684299376747 . live .
  70. News: Becky. Freligh. December 20, 1987. GenealogyBank. What makes WVIZ run? The schools. 1-H, 6-H. The Plain Dealer. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517053219/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/wvizs-weak-signals-stations-promise-untapped/mkfzacyehhmtgfofzwdoapthrwmhtzgj_wma-gateway015_1684298615481. live.
  71. News: Rollins . Ron . February 12, 1984 . Black ink, feeling blue: WVIZ remains afloat only by trimming its sails . 1, 6 . The Journal . Lorain, Ohio . GenealogyBank. May 18, 2023 . May 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230519030710/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/black-ink-feeling-blue-wviz-remains-afloat-only-trimming-its-sails/xgpvdtwnrmdmmkscynjqjugyyptqwjmu_wma-gateway018_1684305688862 . live .
  72. News: Becky. Freligh. December 20, 1987. GenealogyBank. A case history of a blown opportunity. 1-H, 7-H. The Plain Dealer. May 17, 2023. May 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517053219/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/wvizs-weak-signals-stations-promise-untapped/mkfzacyehhmtgfofzwdoapthrwmhtzgj_wma-gateway015_1684298615481. live.
  73. News: November 1, 1989. WVIZ hale and hearty at 25. Tom. Feran. The Plain Dealer.
  74. News: Sowd . David . May 3, 1989 . Cleveland's public radio station loses 3 founding 'fathers' . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . live . subscription . April 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706194754/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/173EA93F35D37AE0&f=basic . July 6, 2022 . NewsBank.
  75. News: Sowd . David . January 14, 1990 . Where's local radio news? Cutbacks leave a big void . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . live . subscription . August 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706194752/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/173EA82095FE2C38&f=basic . July 6, 2022 . NewsBank.
  76. Bartimole . Roldo . Roldo Bartimole . November 2, 1985 . Is it time for Betty Cope to go? . Point of View . Cleveland, Ohio . 18 . 7 . 3–4 . May 21, 2023 . Cleveland Memory Project.
  77. News: Pantages . Larry . June 16, 1988 . Soap Box Derby to be televised . D9 . The Akron Beacon Journal . Akron, Ohio . May 20, 2023 . Newspapers.com . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707151810/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-soap-box-derby/125002468/ . live .
  78. News: Heldenfels . R. D. . February 6, 2000 . Derby sponsor seeks TV deal . F1, F5 . The Akron Beacon Journal . Akron, Ohio . May 20, 2023 . Newspapers.com . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707151810/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-derby-sponsor-s/125002540/ . live .
  79. News: Cope departing WVIZ after 27 years in post. Tom. Feran. The Plain Dealer. 2B. September 9, 1992.
  80. News: The Editorial Board . September 13, 1992 . Channel 25 after Betty Cope . 2C . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . subscription . May 17, 2023 . NewsBank . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707152320/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/0F803CFC27C735BE&f=basic . live .
  81. News: Dayton broadcaster is new head at Channel 25. 8C. Tom. Feran. April 16, 1993. The Plain Dealer.
  82. News: Feran . Tom . September 17, 1994 . PBS 'KidTV' geared to preschoolers . 7E . The Plain Dealer . subscription . May 17, 2023 . NewsBank . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707152313/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/0F807D970B698DFD&f=basic . live .
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  87. News: Feran . Tom . December 7, 1996 . Visions of city's past on WVIZ . 8E . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . subscription . May 17, 2023 . NewsBank . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707152315/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/0F808D952A6205C2&f=basic . live .
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  90. News: September 12, 1994 . WVIZ adds 'Home Team' documentary to its lineup . 4:Baseball . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . subscription . May 17, 2023 . NewsBank . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707152313/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/0F807D92612AEB32&f=basic . live .
  91. News: Feran . Tom . October 22, 1997 . How Interstate Highway System overlays the lives of Americans . 13G . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . subscription . May 17, 2023 . NewsBank . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707152831/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/0F80CD11569F5124&f=basic . live .
  92. News: Dawidziak . Mark . March 15, 2000 . A tribute to the pride of the West Side people, delicacies of market served up in lighthearted show . 1E . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . subscription . May 17, 2023 . NewsBank . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707152842/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/0F80DB140A72B5EE&f=basic . live .
  93. News: November 28, 2012 . Culinary instructors on TV show . E5 . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . subscription . May 17, 2023 . NewsBank . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707152815/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/142DD8EEC54B6C48&f=basic . live .
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  95. News: Brown . Roger . December 1, 1997 . WKSU beefs up signal . 5E . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . live . subscription . July 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706194755/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/0F80CE205B411C7C&f=basic . July 6, 2022 . NewsBank.
  96. News: O'Connor . Clint . April 6, 2003 . Public broadcasting's ideastream is more than the sum of its parts . J1 . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . live . subscription . July 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706194755/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/0FA4960B8D718211&f=basic . July 6, 2022 . NewsBank.
  97. News: Rutti . Ronald . February 2, 2000 . WVIZ wants to build a CSU campus studio . 2C . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . live . subscription . July 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706194804/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/0F345CF427038C78&f=basic . July 6, 2022 . NewsBank.
  98. News: Rosenberg . Donald . Donald Rosenberg . January 8, 2000 . Severance Hall reopening: you have best seat in house; Cleveland Orchestra's return to be telecast live tonight on WVIZ . 1E . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . subscription . May 17, 2023 . NewsBank . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707152814/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/0F80DAD1A105143D&f=basic . live .
  99. News: Washington . Julie E. . November 29, 2009 . Ideastream partners WVIZ Channel 25 and WCPN 90.3 enjoy benefits of merger . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . live . November 30, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200704162446/https://www.cleveland.com/tv/2009/11/ideastream_partners_wviz_chann.html . July 4, 2020.
  100. News: Feran . Tom . October 14, 2000 . WVIZ, WCPN plan to merge . 1A . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . live . subscription . July 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706194829/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/0F80DBF782DC67A6&f=basic . July 6, 2022 . NewsBank.
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  102. News: O'Connor . Clint . July 31, 2005 . Changes put strain on WCPN: Public radio station struggling to adjust to partnership with WVIZ . A1 . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . live . subscription . July 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220707220214/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/10BB687FE4B01AE8&f=basic . July 7, 2022 . NewsBank.
  103. News: Dawidziak . Mark . June 27, 2013 . WCPN changing lineup, adding 'Here & Now' and turning 'Around Noon' into 'The Sound of Applause' . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . live . subscription . May 8, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706194840/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/147389C1F5082FE8&f=basic . July 6, 2022 . NewsBank.
  104. News: Morona . Joey . April 27, 2018 . Ideastream's Rick Jackson is the new host of 'Academic Challenge' on WEWS Ch. 5 . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . live . subscription . July 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220707220216/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/16B8EEC3F1DF6520&f=basic . July 7, 2022 . NewsBank.
  105. Web site: Oprea . Mark . April 10, 2023 . Ideastream's Rick Jackson, Prominent Voice in Cleveland Media for 20 Years, Will Retire in June . May 19, 2023 . Cleveland Scene . en . April 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230412120349/https://www.clevescene.com/news/ideastreams-rick-jackson-prominent-voice-in-cleveland-media-for-20-years-will-retire-in-june-41745326 . live .
  106. News: March 1, 2018 . Mark A. Rosenberger named first chief content officer at ideastream . Crain's Cleveland Business . live . May 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230518052242/https://www.crainscleveland.com/article/20180301/news/153531/mark-rosenberger-named-first-chief-content-officer-ideastream . May 18, 2023.
  107. News: Rosenberg . Donald . Feran . Tom . November 2, 2000 . Arts group will take ownership of WCLV . 1A . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . live . subscription . September 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220329015049/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/0F80DC0BD2279590&f=basic . March 29, 2022 . NewsBank.
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  109. Web site: May 4, 2011 . Classical music station WCLV-FM to join Ideastream . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20110508020623/http://www.crainscleveland.com/article/20110504/FREE/110509933 . May 8, 2011 . December 3, 2011 . Crain's Cleveland Business . Crain Communications, Inc.
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  112. Web site: Marotta . Eric . September 14, 2021 . WKSU-Ideastream WCPN merger: Kent State board of trustees to vote on management agreement . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211204135526/https://www.beaconjournal.com/story/news/2021/09/14/wksu-ideastream-wcpn-merger-kent-state-university-trustees-considering-management-agreement/8326363002/ . December 4, 2021 . September 19, 2021 . Akron Beacon Journal . en-US . Akron, Ohio.
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  114. Web site: Venta . Lance . February 25, 2022 . Ideastream Sets Cleveland Public Radio Frequency Change Date . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220225133046/https://radioinsight.com/headlines/220460/ideastream-sets-cleveland-public-radio-frequency-change-date/ . February 25, 2022 . February 25, 2022 . RadioInsight . en-US.
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  116. New Co-Production from The Cleveland Orchestra, WVIZ/PBS ideastream and Clasart Classic Airs Nationwide on January 11 on Great Performances on PBS . December 12, 2018 . The Cleveland Orchestra . Cleveland, Ohio . May 19, 2023.
  117. Web site: Lewis . Zachary . August 10, 2017 . Cleveland Orchestra documentary set for national airing . May 19, 2023 . The Plain Dealer . en . September 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210925042700/https://www.cleveland.com/musicdance/2017/08/documentary_on_cleveland_orche.html . live .
  118. Web site: MacFarland . Shirley . December 19, 2019 . Dr. King honored in ideastream production: Strong Points . May 19, 2023 . Sun Star Courier . en . Strongsville, Ohio . Cleveland.com . December 21, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191221152554/https://www.cleveland.com/community/2019/12/dr-king-is-honored-in-ideastream-production-with-the-cleveland-orchestra-strong-points.html . live .
  119. Web site: Vittes . Laurence . February 28, 2022 . How TV and Streaming Services Can Co-Exist to Serve More Classical Music Lovers . May 19, 2023 . Strings Magazine . en-US . February 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230203111445/https://stringsmagazine.com/how-tv-and-streaming-can-serve-more-classical-music-lovers/ . live .
  120. Web site: Hennessy . Nicole . March 1, 2018 . ideastream pumps the brakes on live televised auction . limited . May 18, 2023 . West Life . en . May 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230519023707/https://www.westlifenews.com/west-life/arts_and_entertainment/ideastream-pumps-the-brakes-on-live-televised-auction/article_41747788-1d84-11e8-ae74-33f87eaadcfd.html . live .
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  122. Web site: May 23, 2006 . DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and Second Rounds . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130829004251/http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DA-06-1082A2.pdf . August 29, 2013 . August 29, 2021 . Federal Communications Commission.
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  124. Web site: FCC TV Spectrum Phase Assignment Table. CSV. Federal Communications Commission. April 13, 2017. April 17, 2017. April 17, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170417160749/http://data.fcc.gov/download/incentive-auctions/Transition_Files/Phase_Assignment_Closing_PN.csv. live.
  125. ideastream Celebrates 20th Anniversary with Rebrand and Renewed Vision to Strengthen the Community; Becomes Ideastream Public Media . June 15, 2021 . Ideastream . Cleveland, Ohio . Andrus . Calle . Vaselaney . Stacey . June 26, 2022 . June 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220627003641/https://wcpn.ideastream.org/about/press-releases/ideastream-celebrates-20th-anniversary-with-rebrand-and-renewed-vision-to-strengthen-the-community-becomes-ideastream-public . live.
  126. Web site: 2021 Local Content and Service Report. Ideastream Public Media. 2021. May 18, 2023. April 2, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230402042712/https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/85/64/54f7afe14c9e8d17a8be88278744/ipm-fy21-cpb-report.pdf. live.
  127. News: Dawidziak . Mark . September 15, 2013 . 'Ideas' replacing 'Feagler' on WVIZ . D6 . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . live . subscription . July 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220707220216/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/148D5A7AC1C7D368&f=basic . July 7, 2022 . NewsBank.
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  129. Web site: Allard . Sam . March 17, 2022 . Here Are Your Daily Hosts for the Newly Merged WCPN and WKSU on 89.7 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414044356/https://www.clevescene.com/news/here-are-your-daily-hosts-for-the-newly-merged-wcpn-and-wksu-on-897-38565722 . April 14, 2022 . April 13, 2022 . . en.
  130. News: Feran . Tom . December 9, 1992 . C-SPAN to start carrying City Club Forum . 9F . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . subscription . May 20, 2023 . NewsBank . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707163321/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/0F803EA96A6C580B&f=basic . live .
  131. News: O'Connor . Clint . March 10, 2004 . WTAM's Kasler leaves for PBS state post . E1 . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . subscription . May 18, 2023 . NewsBank . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707153318/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&docref=news/1013FCC5D1C3C7FC&f=basic . live .
  132. News: Connors . Joanna . November 23, 2016 . Ideastream names new CEO: Kevin Martin comes from KQED San Francisco . The Plain Dealer . Cleveland, Ohio . live . July 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220706205743/https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2016/11/ideastream_names_new_ceo_kevin.html . July 6, 2022.
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  134. News: GenealogyBank. New owners have much to adjust at 3WE, WJW. 4-B. October 22, 1977. Raymond P.. Hart. The Plain Dealer. May 18, 2023. May 18, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230518055556/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/new-owners-have-much-adjust-3we-wjw/ltrxqmlollkbpqkhatzvjuhhxsbxbudp_wma-gateway018_1684387774237. live.
  135. News: GenealogyBank. TV 25 expanding its signal. 3-B. July 15, 1978. Raymond P.. Hart. The Plain Dealer. May 18, 2023. July 7, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230707153357/https://www.genealogybank.com/newspaper-clippings/tv-25-expanding-its-signal/rskzivmtysfsaizcpuamtxryjnvewsrl_wma-gateway014_1684387651905. live.
  136. Web site: Having Trouble Watching WVIZ?. Ideastream Public Media. May 18, 2023. May 18, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230518060303/https://www.ideastream.org/having-trouble-watching-wviz. live.
  137. Web site: December 15, 2021 . CSU's Jearl Walker Reflects on The Flying Circus of Physics, Kinetic Karnival and More . May 22, 2023 . Cleveland State University . December 9, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221209162410/https://www.csuohio.edu/news/csus-jearl-walker-reflects-flying-circus-physics-kinetic-karnival-and-more . live .

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