William John McGee explained

William John McGee
Birth Date:	1853 4, mf=y
Birth Place:	Farley, Iowa, United States
Death Place:	Washington, DC, U.S.
Nationality:	American
Field:	Geology, anthropology, and ethnology
Children:	3

William John McGee, LL.D. (April 17, 1853 – September 4, 1912) was an American inventor, geologist, anthropologist, and ethnologist, born in Farley, Iowa.^[1] He always referred to himself as J W McGee, without period. ^[2]

Biography

While largely self-taught, McGee attended a rural one-room schoolhouse north of Farley during the four winter months from about 1858 to 1867.^[3] He devoted his early years to reading law and to surveying.^[4] He invented and patented several improvements on agricultural implements.^[4]

He subsequently turned his attention to geology.^[4] In 1877–1881, he executed a topographic and geological survey of 17,000 square miles (44,030 km²) in northeastern Iowa.^{[5] [6] [7]} He then undertook an examination of the loess of the Mississippi Valley, researched the great Quaternary lakes of Nevada and California and studied a recent fault movement in the middle Atlantic slope.^[4]

He was appointed geologist for the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in 1881. In 1884 McGee authored the article Map of the United States exhibiting the present status of knowledge relating to the areal distribution of geologic groups for the USGS Journal.^[8] While with the USGS, McGee travelled to Charleston, South Carolina, in 1886 for the purpose of studying the earthquake disturbances in its vicinity.

McGee was ethnologist in charge of the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1893 to 1903. In 1895, he explored the Isla del Tiburón, Gulf of California, home of the Seri Indians.^[9] In 1904 he was chief of the department of anthropology that organized the "Anthropology Days" at the 1904 Summer Olympics / Louisiana Purchase Exposition, the 1904 World's Fair.^[10] In 1907 he was appointed a member of the Inland Waterways Commission by President Roosevelt.^[11] His other prominent positions were: acting president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1897–1898); president of the American Anthropological Association (1902–1912); and president of the National Geographic Society (1904–1905).

McGee was also a founding member of the Geological Society of America^[12] and was the first editor of The Geological Society of America Bulletin,^[13] in 1890.^[14]

Married to Anita Newcomb McGee in 1888, McGee had three children. He died in Washington, D.C., of cancer on September 4, 1912.^[15]

Mount McGee in California is named in his honor.^[16]

Works

His publications include:

• The Geology of Chesapeake Bay (1888)
• The Pleistocene History of Northeastern Iowa (1889)
• The Siouan Indians^[17] (1895)
• Primitive Trephining (1897)
• The Seri Indians (1899)
• Primitive Numbers (1901)
• Soil Erosion (1911)
• Wells and Subsoil Water (1913)

Further reading

• Bates, J. Leonard, "Fulfilling American Democracy: The Conservation Movement, 1907 to 1921" Mississippi Valley Historical Review (1957) 44#1 pp. 29-57 online
• Cross, Whitney R. "W J McGee and the Idea of Conservation." Historian (1953) 15:148-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.1953.tb00145.x
• Darton, N. H. "Memoir of W J McGee." Annals of the Association of American Geographers (1913) 3: 103-10.
• Hinsley, Curtis M., Jr. Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910 (Smithsonian Institution Press 1981)
  • HINSLEY, CURTIS MATTHEW, JR. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PROFESSION: ANTHROPOLOGY IN WASHINGTON, D.C., 1846-1903." (PhD dissertation, The University of Wisconsin - Madison; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,  1976. 7618882).
• Hodge, Frederick Webb. "W J McGee." American Anthropologist (1913) 14: 683-86.
• Knowlton, F. J. "Memoir of W J McGee." Bulletin of the Geological Society of America (1912) 24: 18-29.

Notes and References

1. Web site: BIOGRAPHIES OF GEOLOGISTS. September 1958 . Ohio State University Libraries. 1811/4565. 2011-06-25. Wells . John W. . White . George W. .
2. Cross, 1953)
3. Web site: [{{NRHP url|id=75000687}} Lincoln School]. National Park Service. 2017-01-01. N.W. McGee. with
4. McGee, W J. 1900.
5. McGee, W.J. and Call, R.E. 1882. "On the löss and associated deposits of Des Moines, Iowa." The American Journal of Science, 3rd Series, Whole no. 124, 24(141):202–223.
6. McGee, W.J. 1884. "The drainage system and the distribution of loess of Eastern Iowa." Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington 6:93–97.
7. McGee, W.J. 1891. "The Pleistocene history of northeastern Iowa." In: Powell, J.W. (ed), Eleventh Annual Report of the Director of the United States Geological Survey, Part 1: 1889–1890, pp. 199–577.
8. Map of the United States exhibiting the present status of knowledge relating to the areal distribution of geologic groups. U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report 5. 34–41. 1884.
9. McGee, W.J. and Johnson, W.D. 1896. Seriland. The National Geographic Magazine 7(4):125–133.
10. Nate DiMeo, Olympic-Sized Racism, Slate.com
11. Donald J. Pisani, Water Planning in the Progressive Era: The Inland Waterways Commission Reconsidered, Journal of Policy History 18.4 (2006) pp.389–418
12. Fairchild, Herman LeRoy, 1932, The Geological Society of America 1888–1930, A Chapter in Earth Science History.
13. Fairchild, Herman LeRoy, 1932, The Geological Society of America 1888–1930, A Chapter in Earth Science History, p. 127.
14. Eckel, Edwin B., The Geological Society of America – Life History of a Learned Society, p. 90, .
15. Web site: The Geological Society of America and its Founders – William John McGee .
16. https://books.google.com/books?id=M-22djGNuhwC&dq=mount+mcgee&pg=PA188 Erwin G. Gudde, California Place Names, page 188.
17. Web site: The Siouan Indians. W. J. (William John). McGee. Sep 12, 2022. Internet Archive.