W-class Melbourne tram explained

W-class
Manufacturer:Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board
Assembly:Holden Body Builders
Holden Street Workshops
James Moore & Sons
Preston Workshops
Constructed:1923–1956
Numberbuilt:752
Numberservice:11 in Melbourne on City Circle services
Fleetnumbers:219–1040 (not all numbers in that range are used by W classes)
Depots:Southbank
Collectionmethod:Trolley pole or pantograph
Electricsystem: (nominal) from overhead catenary
Uicclass:Bo′Bo′

The W-class trams are a family of electric trams built by the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board (MMTB) between 1923 and 1956. Over the 33 years of production, 752 vehicles spanning 12 sub-classes were constructed, the majority at the MMTB's Preston Workshops.

A small fleet continue to operate on the tramway network of Melbourne, Australia, where they are used on the City Circle tourist route. The W-class tram is a cultural icon to Melbourne: those that remain in the city are classified by the National Trust of Australia.

As well as Melbourne, W-class trams operate on tourist and heritage systems across the world. A number of older variants have been withdrawn from service and later sent to cities such as Copenhagen, San Francisco, Savannah and Seattle, and by private enthusiasts. In 2018, 134 W-class trams were offered to the Australian public for new uses.[1]

As of December 2021, only 11 W class trams remain in service in Melbourne, all of which are W8 trams operating on the City Circle tram route.[2]

History

W-class trams were introduced to Melbourne in 1923 as a new standard design. They had a dual bogie layout and were characterised by a substantial timber frame supplanted by a steel underframe, a simple rugged design, and fine craftsmanship (particularly the older models). The W class was the mainstay of Melbourne's tramways system for 60 years. A total of 752 trams of all variants were built.

The original variant (W) was a typical Drop-centre design tram, which was also used in Adelaide, Brisbane, Sydney, and later Bendigo, Ballarat and Geelong following movements of earlier Melbourne trams. The W1 was created with no centre doors, and changed to the W2 design, which all earlier Ws were upgraded to. A handful were upgraded to the SW2 design with sliding doors, which were followed by the unsuccessful W3 and W4 designs. All were supplemented in the late 1930s by 120 W5 (or "Clyde") class trams with wider cabins, and more powerful motors. However, they were notorious for being difficult to drive smoothly. After this came the SW5, initially only the last ten W5 trams fitted with sliding doors before entering service, but by the 1990s the majority of the W5 fleet, having been upgraded. The SW6 followed on, and became the most popular W-class tram with crews and passengers alike, because they were fast, smooth and comfortable, compared with earlier W variants. After experimentation with a PCC streetcar, construction of Ws resumed in 1951, with more SW6 and later W6 and the final 40 W-class trams (W7) emerging from Preston Workshops by 1956, when the need to provide something more capable of dealing with Olympic Games crowds than Bourke Street's buses prompted the last expansion of the network.

In April 1971, W7 1024 became the first tram to carry all over advertising livery when it was painted for the State Electricity Commission of Victoria, followed by Heinz (June 1971), Preston Market (August 1971), and Channel 0 (October 1971). It was fitted with 400 light bulbs on its roofline.[3] It was joined by W6 900 in 1973.[4] In 1977 W2 546 was fitted with an experimental Siemens pantograph.[5]

The W7 class with its pneumatic sliding doors and softer suspension proved popular with passengers. It was not until the 1990s that the W class was finally considered surplus to rolling stock requirements. Mass withdrawal came with the introduction of the B2 class (although the previous Z and A classes had enabled withdrawal of W2s), with the remaining weather blind trams being removed by 1993, all of the 1980s SW5 conversions besides no.728 (which remained in service until 2011) by 1994, and many SW6/W6/W7 classes. In 1998, all Ws remaining in service were withdrawn due to a strike, and, although unintended, this would become the end for the Ws which were not running on routes 30, 78/79 and 35. In 2014, all non-city circle Ws were withdrawn, in 2018, the restaurant trams, and in 2019, the remaining non-W8 class trams. This left only the upgraded sliding door W-class trams, modernised from 2013 onwards, which were designated the W8 class.

Removal from service

In 1992, an official mass withdrawal of the W class was announced by transport minister Alan Brown. That was generally due to the fact that over 200 W class remained in service, while the newer Z-class trams were in storage in varying locations, after being displaced by the newer A and B class vehicles. Protests over the disappearing icons brought about a reconsideration of the withdrawal policy, and it was decided 53 Ws would be retained for tourist purposes. The popular zero-fare City Circle tourist route commenced in April 1994, using 12 of the 53 trams retained.[6]

When the network was privatised in August 1999, 30 W-class trams were allocated to M>Tram and 23 to Yarra Trams.[7] In mid-2000 all operating W-class trams were removed from service following a series of incidents involving brake problems.[8] Some returned to service in May 2001 on the City Circle route, with 25 operating in September 2003. The return of another 30 W-classes was announced in September 2003, but on more limited routes than before their withdrawal from service.[9] All 53 had been returned to service by late 2003.[10] [11] The reintroduction followed the installation of new braking systems, speedometers, and the imposition of a 40km/h speed limit. The trolley poles were subsequently replaced with pantographs.[9]

The condition of the W-class fleet was criticised by the Australian Rail Tram & Bus Industry Union in September 2008, with a demand for the State Government to repair or withdraw them. A Yarra Trams spokesman said that the fleet met maintenance standards, but required more cosmetic work than other trams due to their wooden structure and age.[11]

In January 2010, it was announced by transport minister Martin Pakula that the 26 W-class trams operating the inner city revenue services would be phased out by 2012, claiming that they were no longer suitable for revenue service and would be replaced by more modern trams.[12] This prompted a new campaign from the National Trust of Australia to retain the W-class trams in service.[13] It was also proposed that unused W-class trams could be better utilised by refurbishing and leasing them as "roving ambassadors" to other cities, with the claim that this could generate revenue for investment into the public transport system.[14]

Heritage operations

Following a change in government, in May 2011 $8 million over four years was allocated for the restoration of eight W-class trams, with options for new routes to be considered.[15] [16] The restoration is occurring at Preston Workshops (where many W-class trams were originally built), with the resultant tram being dubbed W8s, they are receiving full rebuilds and many upgrades, including modernised braking and suspension.[17] The first, W8 946 entered service in March 2013,[18] while the second, W8 959 returned from 18 months of work performed at Bendigo Tramways in June 2013.[19] [20] These have since been joined by W8 957[21] and W8 1010.[22] As at February 2017, 981 and 983 were under overhaul in Bendigo.[23]

As at March 2017, 12 W-class trams are in service on the Melbourne tram network,[24] [25] All run on the zero-fare City Circle tourist route at any time during operating hours.[26] The last examples on routes 30, 78 and 79 were withdrawn in late 2013.

Three W6 class trams were converted for use on the Colonial Tramcar Restaurant service which operated three meal services daily. As of October 2018, Yarra Trams has declared the restaurant trams to be too unsafe for use on the network.

Preservation

The W-class tramcars are highly popular trams in preservation, both throughout Australia and around the world.

W-class trams were used in the filming of the HBO mini-series The Pacific, including W3-class tram number 667.[27]

A number of W-class trams have been sent overseas, including five that were sold to Seattle between 1978 and 1993, where they operated as Seattle's own heritage streetcar line, George Benson Waterfront Streetcar Line, between 1982 and 2005. Since 1990, public outrage has forced an embargo to be placed on the sale of these trams to any overseas interest. Three of these trams have been sold to Loop Trolley for use in St. Louis.

In February 2004, after some years of negotiation, a W6-class tram, Melbourne 930, was shipped to Edmonton as an ambassador for the City of Melbourne. The tram, which is owned by the Edmonton Radial Railway Society, operates as part of the High Level Bridge Streetcar fleet, connecting Old Strathcona to Downtown on 3km (02miles) of track.[28] [29]

The Dallas MATA and the Memphis MATA both run W-class trams on their downtown streetcar services. A highly modified W class tram began running in 2009 along River Street in Savannah, Georgia, its AC motors powered by biodiesel-fueled generators. Memphis MATA Trolley has 10 W-2 and 1 W-5 cars.

In the 1980s, W2 520 was bought by the musician and composer Elton John in what he described as one of "my drug-induced moments".[30] John exported the tram to England where it stands in the grounds of Woodside, his country house in Berkshire.[31] [32]

In 2005, W6 965 was restored at a cost of $25,000 and given as a wedding present from the Victorian Government to Princess Mary and Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark. Shipping line Maersk transported the tram to Denmark free of charge, waiving the estimated bill of $40,000.[33] It was placed in the custody of the Skjoldenæsholm Tram Museum.[34] [35]

In October 2016, the government announced the formation of a reference group to formulate a strategy for the over 237 in store at Newport Workshops.[36]

In 2018, the results of the condition audit were published as part of the Daniel Andrews State Government's Retired Trams Strategy.[37] The audit found there was 237 W-class trams in storage in 2018, with most not in a suitable condition for tourist operations. Of the 237, 17 were operational for use on the City Circle line or the Colonial Tramcar Restaurant, 25 were in good overall condition and suitable for W8 upgrading, six were privately owned, 11 had historical significance, 20 were former Transporting Art trams, and 24 were of poor or incomplete condition but suitable for donors and spares. Trams with historical significance were to be kept and made available to museums, augmenting the 34 W-class trams already on display throughout Victoria. Five trams were kept for potential gifting and nine for other potential future uses. Former art trams were to be kept in storage for future public display.

The balance of trams, 134, had a condition or significance that did not lend itself to being preserved for operations in any way. These trams were offered to the public by the State Government under an expression of interest process, with trams offered for free to schools, community groups and non-profit organisations.[38] Private buyers and business could purchase a tram for $1,000 plus the cost of transport, with owners having to explain how they would restore, repurpose and maintain the trams for use. A panel was established to assess applications, with priority given to maintaining public access. Trams were expected to be used for purposes like cafes or classrooms.

More than 1,500 applications were received through the process.[39] The first two W-Class trams to leave Newport Workshop under the process were acquired by the City of Launceston in Tasmania in 2019 to be restored and used in a public space.[40]

Subclasses

W

There were 200 W-class trams built from 1923 to 1926. They could seat 52 passengers with room for 93 people standing.[41] They were built by the MMTB's Holden Street Workshop and Preston Workshops.[42] Some were also built by private companies including James Moore & Sons of South Melbourne, and Holden Body Builders of Adelaide.[42] All 200 were converted to W2s between 1928 and 1933. No. 380 was converted back to original condition in 1988 for the Heritage Fleet.[42] No. 220 is undergoing conversion by the TMSV Bylands from W2 class back to the original W class tram.[43]

W1

There were 30 W1-class trams built between 1925 and 1928. They were a variation on the W-class trams and used a different seating arrangement. The middle of the tram was open like the earlier cable cars and allowed passengers to get on and off the tram quickly. However, in cold and wet weather the openings were only covered by pull down blinds. Passengers were looking for more comfort and these trams were later converted to the W2 design.[44] Four SW2s have been converted back to W1 in preservation.

W2/SW2

The W2-class was introduced in 1927 and remained in service until its final withdrawal in mid-1987.

The 406-strong class was the backbone of the MMTB's vast fleet during their heyday from the 1940s to 1960s. Most class members had been converted from the earlier W and W1-classes. The trams featured two enclosed saloon areas at either end of the tram and an open "drop-centre" section in the middle. A trademark feature of these vehicles until the 1970s was their uncomfortable wooden bench-style seats, a feature they shared with most other Melbourne trams of that period.

Mechanically, they had four under-floor motors powering two sets of the MMTB's "number one" bogies. The driver's controls were made by Westinghouse, Dick Kerr controllers, and Clyde Engineering controllers. The W2-class also had many variant gears within the tram bogies, the spur-geared W2 classes were notable due to their humming sound.

Two of the W2-class had their roller blind doors converted to sliding doors and were reclassed SW2. Four W1-class were converted directly to SW2-class.

Towards the end of their useful lives, many class members were converted to service (non-passenger) stock such as carborundum rail scrubbers, permanent-way vehicles, railgrinders and breakdown units. A large number of units were also sold to museums and public transport operators in Australia and around the world, with some still running today.

From 1978 until 1982 many W2s were painted by well-known Australian Artists as part of the "Transporting Art" program. In 1981 W2 442 was converted for use with the Colonial Tramcar Restaurant, entering service in November 1982.[45] [46] The last W2 to run in regular service in Melbourne ran in December 1987 on route 93 La Trobe Street to Bundoora, although a small number were used well into the early 1990s during extended tram shortages. No.442 was used by the Colonial Tramcar Restaurant until 2006 when it was withdrawn.[47]

While the majority of W2 class trams were sold to private owners or overseas, 26 W2 and 5 SW2 class trams are preserved by heritage tramways in Australia and New Zealand.

W3

The W3-class trams were built between 1930 and 1934. These were the first trams to use an all steel frame.[48] There were 16 trams built at Preston Workshops. They were built from parts and equipment which had been intended for building Y1-class trams. They had larger wheels, 33inches in diameter, which were designed to provide a smoother and quieter ride. These wheels came from scrapped S and T class trams. These larger wheels made the tram body sit higher, and the floors in the drop centre were ramped to reduce the step into the saloon.

During the 1960s the trams developed cracks in the frame which held the motors and all were withdrawn from service by 1969.

Four W3 trams (661, 663, 667, 668) are preserved by heritage organisations.[49] Preserved car W3 661 was damaged in an accident involving a motor vehicle on 10 March 2019 in Ballarat. The damage from the accident means that the tram requires extensive repairs to the frame and body.

W4

There were five W4-class trams built between 1933 and 1935. They had a wider body and lower floor than the W3, and had transverse seating in the saloon. They were all withdrawn by 1968.[50] The wider body of the tram meant the drivers found it difficult to see the steps.

Four W4 trams (670, 671, 673 and 674) are preserved by heritage tramways in Australia.[51]

CW5/W5/SW5

Five CW5-class trams, numbered 681 to 685, were built at the Preston Workshops in 1934/35. They had wider bodies, based on the previous W4-class, but utilised electrical equipment recovered from scrapped Maximum Traction C class trams (hence the "C" prefix). They were the only W-class trams with only 2 motors (instead of 4), and were not considered successful. Fleet numbers 686 to 719 were reserved for 34 more of the type using equipment from the remaining C-class trams, but no more were constructed, and all CW5s were converted to standard W5-class trams in 1956.

In 1935, the first of 120 W5-class trams entered service, with the same body as a CW5-class tram, but were equipped with equal-wheel, 4-motor bogies based on those used on the W3- and W4-class trams. Production continued until 1939 and included five CW5-class trams under construction being converted before release to traffic. Many of these W5-class trams were allocated to Essendon and (the new) Brunswick depots as a result of the mid-1930s conversion of the Elizabeth Street cable trams to electric traction. Most cars numbered above 800 had "swept corner" windscreens. From the early 1970s, many cars had their little-used, narrow centre doorways panelled-over, and most had their original windshields replaced with SW6-class types, which had "swept corners" with half-drop side windows, but not all of them received the deeper fascia.

During construction in 1939, the last ten W5-class trams were modified with sliding doors, like as the first of the SW6-class trams which was being built at the same time. They also had metal-framed, full-drop saloon windows with quarter lights. In 1956, W5-class trams 785 and 787 were converted to SW5-class (type 2), following accident damage. Parts from the cancelled order for more W7-class trams were used in the repairs, and the two cars featured half-drop saloon windows, with quarter lights.

An additional 83 W5-class trams were converted to SW5-class (type 3) trams between 1983 and 1986. They were fitted with aluminium sliding doors, but retained their original wooden-framed, full-drop windows.

Apart from those severely damaged in accidents, the first W5 was withdrawn in 1987, and the last in 1994. During the mass withdrawal of W-class trams in 1994–96, the majority of SW5-class trams were retired in preference to the higher numbered trams, ostensibly due to the discovery of asbestos in the controllers.

As of January 2020, there were no SW5 or W5 trams remaining in service, with the majority stored.[52] [53] However, nine W5 and three SW5 trams are preserved with heritage tramways in Australia and New Zealand, including a fully restored W5, number 774, on display at Hawthorn Depot.

Fleet numbers

W6/SW6

The SW6-class were introduced in 1939 and were followed by the W6-class which were produced between 1951 and 1955, 150 were built in total. At their introduction, W6-class trams were popular with passengers and crew alike for being fast, smooth and comfortable. The cab controls are the same as of other W-class trams. The first 40 had flip-over wooden seats in the end saloons, the remainder having upholstered bus seats. All had wooden seats in the centre saloon until the 1970s when the entire class was refurbished with upholstered seats throughout.

W6-class trams initially begun as a sub group of the SW6-class trams, but later became their own class. The W6 differed from the SW6 in having quieter wheels and gears plus additional soundproofing.

As of June 2020, no trams are operational in original condition with Yarra Trams, with all of them being converted into W8 trams or stored.[54] [55] Two W6 and twelve SW6 trams are in the hands of preservation groups, one of which is used as a café tram in Bendigo. Two SW6 trams had been converted and installed at shelters in Wattle Park in eastern Melbourne. Three SW6-class trams also operated on the Colonial Tramcar Restaurant service.

W7

Forty W7-class trams were built in 1955/56 for operation on new Bourke Street routes (routes 86 and 96).[56] [57] Originally 70 were ordered but the number was cut to 40 following a change of government at the 1955 state election. They were very similar to the preceding W6-class, but with upholstered seats throughout.[58] Thirteen had their frames built by Ansair. As of January 2020, none remained in service with Yarra Trams.[59] Six W7 class trams are preserved by heritage groups in Australia and New Zealand.

W8

SW6 922 was partly modernised at Preston Workshops in 1993. It was to be a prototype for rebuilding the remaining SW6 fleet with air conditioning, roller bearings, modern head and tail lights, fluorescent interior lighting, dot-matrix display and pantograph using many of the same components as used in the A2 and B2 class trams. It was designated the W8 class and renumbered 1101. The rebuild radically altered the appearance of the tram and the National Trust ordered the conversion be suspended before completion.[60]

Four (946, 957, 959 and 1010) were subsequently modernised from 2012 and designated the W8-class. The upgrades include improved traction motors, suspension and braking, improved crashworthiness and LED lighting, while retaining the general appearance of the original SW6 and W7s.[22] [61]

Since 2018, W8 trams are the only W classes to have current safety accreditation to run on YarraTram's network.

Currently, there are 13 W8 trams in service, along with one stored after several days of operation, and several currently under conversion.[62] About 25 older W class trams are stored by YarraTrams, awaiting future W8 conversion.

Subclass summary

W Type Total built Known scrapped Stored in depots Converted to other class Preserved With Yarra Trams Other interstate Overseas Given to local community Notes
W 200 0 0 200 2 0 0 0 0 2 Converted back from W2 class
W1 30 0 0 30 2 0 0 0 0 2 Converted back from W2 class
W2 406 71 0 7 22 0 28 36 236 2 converted back to W class, 2 to W1 class, 1 to works tram. 6 unaccounted for
W3 16 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 8
W4 5 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
CW5 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
W5 125 2 3 85 5 0 2 6 16 6 unaccounted for
SW2 6 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 unaccounted for
SW5 95 4 49 0 6 0 4 0 27 5 unaccounted for
SW6 120 10 39 8 11 0 5 5 33 9 unaccounted for
W6 30 0 14 3 3 0 2 0 7 1 unaccounted for
W7 40 2 14 1 10 0 1 0 12
W8 12 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0
Total 756 95 119 339 71 12 42 49 339 1 converted to works tram. 28 unaccounted for

List of preserved W-class trams

Preservation groups

W type Sydney !Notes
W - - 1 - 1 - - - -
W1 - - 1 - 1 - - - -
W2 1 2 5 2 2 2 3 4 1
W3 1 - 1 2 - - - - -
W4 1 - 1 1 - - - 1 -
CW5 - - - - - - - - - All were converted to W5 class
W5 - - 2 1 1 - - 1 -
SW2 - - 1 - - - - 1 -
SW5 1 1 2 1 - - 1 2 -
SW6 4 2 2 - - - - 1 4
W6 - - 1 - - - - 1 -
W7 2 - 1 - 1 1 1 2 1
W8 - - - - - - - - - All still in service with Yarra Trams
Total 10 5 18 7 6 3 5 11 6
ClassNumberLocationComments
W 220 Under restoration to original condition
W2 245 Stored
W2 249 Was in a livery for a proposed Canberra system[63]
W2 294 In operational condition[64] [65]
W2 321 Museum of Transport & Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
W2 325 Has been converted to a driver training tram, thus is permanently immobile and housed at Hawthorn tram depot[66]
W2 329 In operational condition[67]
W2 354 Used as a works tram
W2 357 [68]
W2 368 In need of restoration
W 380 Part of the Melbourne historic tram fleet, was reconverted from a W2-series tram in 1988 at Preston Workshops.[69]
W2 393 In operational condition
W2 407 [70]
W2 421 Rebuilt back from W2, renumbered Bendigo 31[71]
SW2 426 In operational condition
W1 427 Reconverted from a W2-series tram in 1988 at Preston Workshops courtesy of a Victorian Government grant to celebrate 100 years of trams in Melbourne[72]
W1 431 Part of the Melbourne historic tram fleet, was reconverted from a W2-series tram in 1988 at Preston Workshops[73]
W2 441 On loan from Bendigo Tramway and in operational condition[74]
W2 456 In storage
W2 470 Bendigo Trust
W2 504 Stored
W2 509
W2 510 Part of the Melbourne historic tram fleet[75]
W2 568
W2 600
W2 643
SW2 644
W2 646
W2 650
W3 656
W3 661 [76] In operational condition
W3 663 [77]
W3 667
W4 670 [78]
W4 671 [79] In operational condition
W4 673
W4 674 In operational condition
SW5 729 To be returned to service.
SW5 739
SW5 749 To be returned to service.
W5 766 In need of restoration
W5 774 [80]
W5 782
W5 792
W5 795
SW5 808
SW5 810 Stored
SW5 836 Stored
SW5 840
SW5 849 [81]
SW6 855 Stored
SW6 866 Stored
SW6 880
SW6 887
SW6 891 Perth Electric Tramway Society, Western Australia
SW6 893 Museum of Transport & Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
SW6 902
SW6 906 Museum of Transport & Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
SW6 918 Renumbered Bendigo 34
SW6 922 Static without Bogies. Is to become the museums picnic tram.
SW6 924 Stored
SW6 939 Used as a cafe/special function vehicle, named as "Cuthberts 939"
W6 996
W6 998 Perth Electric Tramway Society, Western Australia
W7 1001
W7 1013 In operational condition
W7 1017 In operational condition
W7 1023 Perth Electric Tramway Society, Western Australia
W7 1029 After a long restoration to become a multipurpose tram which includes disabled access, it officially entered service in November 2023.
W7 1032 Museum of Transport & Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
W7 1036 Stored
W7 1039
W7 1040 Last W-class built[82]

Other preserved

W-class trams preserved in Australia and New Zealand
ClassNumberLocationComments
W1 432 - Sydney Tramway Museum. Destroyed in fire 23 October 2015
W2 293
W2 315 Used as a Kiosk at Magic Mountain Merimbula, NSW.
W2 323 Trafalgar Holden Museum Located Trafalgar Holden Museum Victoria
W2 370 - Sydney Tramway Museum. To Glenreagh Mountain Railway. Scrapped
W2 379 Methodist Ladies' College, Painted in a colourful artwork.
W2 388 Front half of tram is located outside the building. The opposite side of road is located WA B Class No 15.
W2 410 Converted into a Bed & Breakfast. Partly destroyed by a tree after a storm in 2021.
W2 429 A part of the Gosnells Hotel.
W2 438
W2 444 Located inside of the Albion Hotel at Cottesloe.
W2 447 ? Sydney Tramway Museum. Sold 15 November 2015
W2 472 Located at Fergusson Winery & Restaurant as private accommodation.
W2 477 Being converted to BnB.
W2 487 Tarnagulla
W2 522 Tramway Museum Society of Victoria?
W2 529 Plinthed just outside of Drysdale, it is visible from the road.
W2 556 Only half of the tram exists, plinthed with SW6 942. [83]
W2 563 Moved from Newbridge to Corop in June 2024. Being converted to an art gallery.
W2 584
W2 590 Used as accommodation at Last Stop Ambledown Brook Near Wallaroo. [84]
W2 608 Private Used as accommodation in Krowera, Victoria.
W2 649 Located inside the Mount Isa Irish Club in Mount Isa, Queensland. Painted in a colourful red livery.
W2 653 Private Plinthed at property on Bellarine Peninsula with another classmate.
SW2 275 Clyde Grammar, Renumbered Bendigo 33. Sold to Clyde Grammar and plinthed near school entrance.
SW2 432 - Sydney Tramway Museum. Destroyed in an arson attack in October 2015[85]
SW2 436 North of Auckland, New Zealand Privately owned, was converted from a W1-class tram to SW2-class in 1938. Previously Masterton, New Zealand. Restored in M&MTB green and cream as private accommodation.
W3 655 , Victoria
W3 657 Campbellfield, Victoria
W3 659 Lake Eildon, Victoria
W3 660 , Victoria
W3 664 Boolarra, Victoria
W3 665 Wallan, Victoria
W3 666 , Victoria
W3 669
W5 684 Victorian Railway Workshops Art and Antiques,, Victoria
W5 685 Liston Transport Heritage Park, NSW. Noted as being located Eveleigh, NSW
SW5 725 Coburg Primary School,, Victoria
SW5 728 Queen Victoria Market, Melbourne, Victoria
SW5 730 Tara B&B,, Victoria
SW5 732 Mansfield Zoo,, Victoria Converted to a Cafe for visitors to purchase food and drinks from.
SW5 733 Our Friends Farm, Tallarook, Victoria Repurposed as Accommodation, Giftshop, and bar along with SW6 920 & 955.
SW5 734 Casey Grammar School,, Victoria
SW5 737 Shepparton, Victoria
SW5 742 Riverbend Park,, Tasmania Tram was to be delivered to the park but was apparently cancelled due to asbestos concerns.
SW5 745 The Oaks Lilydale,, Victoria Launched as a BnB after an 18-month transformation. Original seating retained as a lounge area.
SW5 750 Victorian Railway Workshops Art and Antiques,, Victoria
SW5 755 Chatham Primary School,, Victoria Tram is listed on Victrack Website, though does not appear to be on school site.
SW5 757 Balcombe Grammar School, Mount Martha, Victoria
W5 761 Don Watson Transport, Bacchus Marsh, Victoria Plinthed at Don Watson Transport just outside of Bacchus Marsh.
W5 762 Sydney Tramway Museum?
SW5 764 William Angliss Institute, Melbourne, Vic Transported to William Angliss Institute in November 2022. [86]
SW5 767 Spit Shack, Canberra, ACT Used for dining purposes.
SW5 768 Deer Park North Primary School, Deer Park North, Victoria Tram is currently located at Bendigo to be delivered to the school site.
SW5 770 Riverbend Park,, Tasmania Tram was to be delivered to the park but was apparently canceled due to asbestos concerns.
SW5 775 Jennings Street School,, Victoria Tram is listed on Victrack Website, though does not appear to be on school site.
W5 778 , Victoria
W5 779 Poowong, Victoria
SW5 787 Located at Eye Kandy Productions in Campbellfield.
SW5 788 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
SW5 789 Red Rock Regional Theatre and Gallery,, Victoria
SW5 791 Port Melbourne Primary School, Port Melbourne, Victoria
SW5 793 Edgars Mission, Lancefield, Victoria
W5 794 Withers Holiday Village, Lakes Entrance, Victoria
W5 801 Koondrook, Victoria
W5 804 Fawkner, Victoria
SW5 805 Bendigo Artists, Bendigo, Victoria
SW5 807 Mt Perry Men's Shed Association,, Queensland
SW5 812 Diamond Creek Rotary, Diamond Creek, Victoria Fully restored. A Tram Cafe opened in October 2020. Acquired from the Victorian State Government after a successful application by the Rotary Club of Diamond Creek, Diamond Creek CFA, Diamond Creek Men's Shed and Nillumbik Shire Council. The cafe also features a large deck and pergola and state of the art playground. Araluen, a disability support service in Diamond Creek run the cafe three days a week.[87]
SW5 815 Grange Junction Café, Glen Huntly, Victoria
W5 817 Templestowe, Victoria
SW5 818 Corryong Historic Machinery Society, Corryong, Victoria
SW5 819 Michael Unwin Wines, Victoria Being worked on to become a prominent feature of the winery, to become a function space. It is missing its bogies.
W5 822 Lancefield, Victoria
W5 825 Queanbeyan, NSW
W5 827 , Victoria
SW5 830 Benetook Farm, Mildura, Victoria
W5 833 Big 4 Yarra Valley Park Lane Holiday Park, Healesville, Victoria
SW5 837 Deakin University,, Victoria
SW5 838 Parsons Gully Heathcote Winery,, Victoria
SW5 841 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
SW5 845 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
SW5 847 Taradale Primary School,, Victoria
SW6 851 CFA Training Center,, Victoria
SW6 854 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
SW6 861 Wattle Park,, Victoria Replacement for number 885 since 2013 after the latter was burnt down in December 2011[88]
SW6 865 Clunes Community Gardens,, Victoria
SW6 867 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
SW6 868 Alice Miller School,, Victoria Converted into a recording studio and internet radio station for students.
SW6 871 Terang RSL, Terang, Victoria Cosmetically Restored as a World War 2 tribute for veterans.
SW6 874 Wallace Hotel,, Victoria
SW6 877 Bighouse Arts, Coburg North, Victoria
SW6 878 Delivered to the school in July 2023.
SW6 879 Dilato Investments, Melbourne, Victoria Was at Clunes Bottle Museum
SW6 882 Sarah Thomas BnB,, South Australia
SW6 883 Ballarat, Victoria? Was formerly at Mount Clear Primary School but has moved from location.
SW6 884 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
SW6 885 Wattle Park,, Victoria Destroyed in a fire in December 2011
SW6 889 Main Ridge Alpacas,, Victoria
SW6 894 Tell Tales Bed & Breakfast,, Victoria Formerly at the Acorn Bar and Restaurant. Listed for sale on Facebook in June 2023 and moved on the 21st of September 2023.
SW6 897 ? Was at Gisborne Vintage Machinery Society, now unknown
SW6 903 Highfields Pioneer Village, Queensland
SW6 904 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
SW6 905 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
SW6 907 Channel 10,, Victoria A static set for the soap opera Neighbours.[89] [90]
SW6 908 , Victoria
SW6 910 Axedale, Victoria
SW6 911 Terindah Estate,, Victoria Converted to a function area giving guests a unique dining experience.
SW6 912 Big 4 Yarra Valley Park Lane Holiday Park, Healesville, Victoria
SW6 913 Noted as being located, NSW
SW6 914
SW6 915
SW6 917 Torquay Brewery,, Victoria
SW6 920 Our Friends Farm, Tallarook, Victoria Repurposed as Accommodation, Giftshop, and bar along with SW5 733 & SW6 955.
SW6 921 , Victoria Formerly at Newstead.
SW6 927 Mount Evelyn Garden Centre, Mount Evelyn, Victoria
SW6 933 , Victoria
SW6 935 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
SW6 936 Wattle Park,, Victoria
SW6 937 Pepper Green Farm, Bendigo, Victoria Cafe
SW6 938 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
SW6 941 Near Ballarat, Victoria Privately owned
SW6 942 Plinthed with half of W2 556.
SW6 951 Ballarat, Victoria Privately owned at a property outside of Ballarat.
SW6 953 Formerly at Yarram Club Hotel. Will apparently going to a BnB in Kinglake?
SW6 955 Our Friends Farm, Tallarook, Victoria Repurposed as Accommodation, Giftshop, and bar along with SW5 733 & SW6 920.
SW6 956 Fitzroy High School,, Victoria Painted in an aboriginal livery. Tram is used as a re-engagement program for students.
SW6 962 Nambour, Queensland
SW6 963 Near Bendigo, Victoria Privately owned
SW6 964 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
SW6 967 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
SW6 968 Essendon Traffic School,, Victoria
SW6 969 Vintage Garage,, Victoria Formerly used at the Arts Centre, now located near Newman Reserve and the Preston Depot.
W6 973 Riverview Farm, Tatong, Victoria
W6 974 Quealy Winemakers, Balnarring, Victoria
W6 975 Located somewhere in Tasmania
W6 976 Located at Mr Hummer Limos Montrose
W6 978 Impiana Estate, Skenes Creek, Victoria
W6 985
W6 986 The Wattle Point Farm, Wattle Point, Victoria
W6 992 St Louis de Montfort's School,, Victoria
W6 993 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
W6 995 Used for school catering & functions.
W6 999 Sunbury United Sporting Club,, Victoria
W7 1002 Links Community Garden,, Victoria Used to welcome visitors and showcase Victoria's history.
W7 1004 Rosecliffe Boutique Farm Cottages, Cooran, Queensland
W7 1005 Benton Rise Farm, Tuerong, Victoria Plinthed alongside Tait (train) Motor Car 256M.
W7 1006 Altona Miniature Railway,, Victoria Has traction motors but is missing trolley polls and control stands.
W7 1009 Bega Cheese Factory, Port Melbourne, Victoria
W7 1011 Luna Park, Melbourne,, Victoria Was donated to Luna Park for use as a party tram.
W7 1014 Gisborne Vintage Machinery Society,, Victoria Still fitted with AGC Finance advertising and has an operational bell, painted in blue colour.
W7 1020 Currently stored in the Bendigo extension.
W7 1026 , Victoria To be restored for Mount Buller Alpine Resort Chalet
W7 1033 Hounds Run Vineyard,, Victoria
W7 1035 Lot 19 Gallery Arts Collective,, Victoria
W7 1038 Grill'd, ? Grill'd location not listed

Overseas

ClassNumberLocationComments
W2 234 Memphis, Tennessee, USA Used in regular service on MATA Trolley[91]
W2 244 Ferrymead Heritage Park, Christchurch, New Zealand Owned by the Heritage Tramway Trust, the commercial arm of the Tramway Historical Society Operating on the Christchurch City Tramway.
W2 272 Arlington, Washington, USA Formerly used in Seattle (Waterfront Streetcar line), 1990–2005; now in storage in Arlington, Washington awaiting possible developments for return to service.
W2 321 Located MOTAT Auckland, New Zealand. Restored to mid 1970s configuration.
W2 331 Memphis, Tennessee, USA Used in regular service on MATA Trolley, renumbered 455, ex-New Orleans (Riverfront Streetcar Line)
W2 336 Iowa, USA
W2 353 Memphis, Tennessee, USA Used in regular service on MATA Trolley, renumbered 1978
W2 369 Dallas, Texas, USA Operates along McKinney Avenue M-Line, nicknamed Matilda[92]
W2 392 Thailand To Thailand Jun 2018
W2 403 San Jose, California, USA Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority
W2 411 Christchurch, New Zealand Restored as a restaurant tram for use on the Christchurch Tramway but was stored in the city tram barn after the 22 February 2011 earthquake. Returned to service in late 2013.
W2 417 Memphis, Tennessee, USA Used in regular service on MATA Trolley
SW2 478 Memphis, Tennessee, USA Used in regular service on MATA Trolley, renumbered 454, ex-New Orleans (Riverfront Streetcar Line)
W2 482 St Louis, Missouri, USA Formerly used in Seattle (Waterfront Streetcar line), 1982–2005; later taken to St. Louis and put in indefinite storage for potential future restoration and use.
W2 496 San Francisco, California, USA Used in regular service on F Market & Wharves line[93]
W2 497 Iowa, USA
W2 503 Memphis, Tennessee, USA
W2 512 St Louis, Missouri, USA Planned to be used in service as Loop Trolley No. 003, St. Louis, Missouri; previously used in Seattle (Waterfront Streetcar line), 1982–2005
W2 518 St Louis, Missouri, USA Formerly in use in Seattle (Waterfront Streetcar line), 1982–2005; later taken to St. Louis and put in indefinite storage for potential future restoration and use.
W2 520 Woodside, Old Windsor, Berkshire, UK Purchased by Elton John in the 1980s
W2 525 Arlington, Washington, USA Formerly used as spares in Seattle, now in storage in Arlington, Washington awaiting possible developments for return to service.
W2 531 San Jose, California, USA Operates on the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority historic trolley line[94] [95]
W2 533 Iowa, USA
W2 539 Memphis, Tennessee, USA Used in regular service on MATA Trolley
W2 540 Memphis, Tennessee, USA Used in regular service on MATA Trolley
W2 545 Memphis, Tennessee, USA Used in regular service on MATA Trolley
W2 551 Iowa, USA
W2 553 Memphis, Tennessee, USA Destroyed by fire on 7 April 2014 [96]
W2 567 Iowa, USA
W2 586 San Francisco, California, USA
W2 601 Chisholm, Minnesota, USA Used at the Minnesota Discovery Center[97] [98]
W2 605 Arlington, Washington, USA Formerly used in Seattle (Waterfront Streetcar line); 1993–2005; now in storage in Arlington, Washington awaiting possible developments for return to service.
W2 606 Chisholm, Minnesota, USA Used at the Minnesota Discovery Center
W2 626 Memphis, Tennessee, USA Used in regular service on MATA Trolley, renumbered 452, ex-New Orleans (Riverfront Streetcar Line)
W2 630 Iowa, USA
W2 648 Rio Vista, California, USA Preserved in operational condition at Western Railway Museum;[99] operated in San Francisco during the Historic Trolley Festivals of the 1980s
W5 735 ?, USA
W5 751 Iowa, USA
W5 756 Savannah, Georgia, USA Was used on the River Street Streetcar, now located at the Georgia State Railroad Museum. Electric motors are powered by a generator and battery hybrid drive[100]
W5 771 ?, USA
W5 799 Memphis, Tennessee Used in regular service on MATA Trolley[101]
W5 839 Iowa, USA
SW6 852 Auckland Dockline Tramway, Auckland, New Zealand [102] Owned by MOTAT. Under overhaul.
SW6 881 Auckland Dockline Tramway, Auckland, New Zealand Owned by MOTAT Unique colour scheme. Operational.
SW6 893 Located MOTAT Auckland, New Zealand. PTC configuration. Operational.
SW6 906 Located MOTAT Auckland, New Zealand. Unique colour scheme. Operational.
SW6 916 San Francisco, California, USA Used in regular service on F Market & Wharves line[103]
SW6 930 Used on High Level Bridge Streetcar line during the summer
SW6 965 Owned by HRH Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary
W7 1032 Located MOTAT Auckland, New Zealand. PTC configuration. Stored pending overhaul.

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Tram enthusiasts able to obtain retired fleet. Pearson. Erin. 2018-05-13. The Age. en. 2020-02-12. 6 July 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190706091053/https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/tram-enthusiasts-able-to-obtain-retired-fleet-20180513-p4zezd.html. live.
  2. Web site: VICSIG. 2020-09-28. vicsig.net. 7 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107094646/https://vicsig.net/trams/class/W8. live.
  3. "1024…MMTB Revenue Earner" Trolley Wire issue 136 October 1971 page 8
  4. "Advertising Melbourne Style" Trolley Wire issue 146 June 1973 page 13
  5. "City Section" Trolley Wire issue 169 April 1977 page 11
  6. http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/about/on-this-day?stask=decade&decade=1990 On this Day
  7. "Melbourne News" Trolley Wire issue 279 November 1999 page 25
  8. Web site: A Melbourne Icon. National Trust Vic. 4 October 2023.
  9. Web site: W-class trams back, with restrictions . The Age . Darren Gray, Andrew Webster . 18 September 2003 . 31 March 2013 . 26 October 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121026143258/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/09/17/1063625091685.html . live .
  10. "Return of W series trams" Trolley Wire issue 295 November 2003 page 21
  11. Web site: Death rattle on tram tracks . Mary Bolling . . 2 September 2008 . 31 March 2013 . 6 January 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090106042511/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0%2C21985%2C24279972-2862%2C00.html . live .
  12. News: Minister in, W-class trams out . Sarah-Jane Collins . . 22 January 2010 . 31 March 2013 . 29 July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130729074554/http://www.theage.com.au/national/minister-in-wclass-trams-out-20100121-mo95.html . live .
  13. Web site: W Class Trams . . 31 March 2013 . 14 August 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110814162114/http://www.nattrust.com.au/advocacy/campaigns/w_class_trams . live .
  14. News: Activist ready to rattle to keep W-class rolling . Ruth Williams . . 7 March 2010 . 31 March 2013 . 29 July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130729075405/http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/activist-ready-to-rattle-to-keep-wclass-rolling-20100306-pptp.html . live .
  15. Coalition Government to save Victoria's W-Class trams . From the Minister for Public Transport . 3 May 2011 . 31 March 2013 . 14 May 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130514202703/http://www.premier.vic.gov.au/media-centre/media-releases/719-coalition-government-to-save-victorias-w-class-trams.html . dead .
  16. Web site: Restoring W-Class trams. Public Transport Victoria. 31 March 2013. 13 May 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130513161550/http://ptv.vic.gov.au/projects/trams/restoring-w-class-trams/. dead.
  17. News: Heasley. Andrew. Special: W-class icon T946 on track to full restoration. 31 March 2013. The Age. 23 July 2012. 22 December 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121222152848/http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/special-wclass-icon-t946-on-track-to-full-restoration-20120722-22i6x.html. live.
  18. Web site: W8.946. Vicsig. 10 September 2013. 17 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230417060145/https://vicsig.net/trams/tram/W8/946. live.
  19. http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/all-class-bendigo-restores-grand-melbourne-tram-20130620-2okvz.html All class: Bendigo restores grand Melbourne tram
  20. Web site: Bendigo restored tram to brighten Melbourne Circle . Angus . Verley . abc.net.au . 21 June 2013 . 7 July 2013 . 14 December 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131214140033/http://www.abc.net.au/local/audio/2013/06/21/3786732.htm . live .
  21. http://www.yarratrams.com.au/media-centre/news/articles/2015/third-restored-w-class-tram-back-in-melbourne/ Third restored W-Class tram back in Melbourne
  22. "W class tram" Railway Digest September 2015 page 50
  23. "City Circle cars" Trolley Wire issue 348 February 2017 page 28
  24. Web site: Facts & figures. Yarra Trams. 31 March 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20140529000558/http://www.yarratrams.com.au/about-us/who-we-are/facts-figures/. 29 May 2014. dead. dmy-all.
  25. http://www.yarratrams.com.au/about-us/who-we-are/our-fleet/w-class/ W-Class
  26. News: City not ready to lose its W-class act . Ruth Williams . . 28 February 2010 . 31 March 2013 . 29 July 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130729074924/http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/city-not-ready-to-lose-its-wclass-act-20100227-pa8v.html . live .
  27. Web site: Re: W-Class at Newport Workshops. Trams DownUnder. 2009-06-03. 9 June 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090609063506/http://tdu.to/56277.msg. live.
  28. Web site: Edmonton Radial Railway Society. www.edmonton-radial-railway.ab.ca. 7 September 2012. 1 April 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120401131133/http://www.edmonton-radial-railway.ab.ca/streetcars/melbourne_930/. live.
  29. "Melbourne tram goes to Canada" Trolley Wire issue 296 February 2004 pages 10–16
  30. News: Elton John interview. 25 October 2010. Mick Brown. The Daily Telegraph. 9 February 2018. 15 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180215065439/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/8080705/Elton-John-interview.html. live.
  31. Web site: W Class. Rail Page. 29 January 2018. 11 October 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111011014944/http://www.railpage.org.au/tram/w.html. live.
  32. News: A fix for tram junkies. 3 December 2003. The Age. 29 January 2018. 21 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180221035539/https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/12/02/1070127411546.html. live.
  33. Web site: W-class tram for the royal garage. Dan Silkstone. 15 October 2005. The Age. 2008-09-06. 5 July 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080705141937/http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/wclass-tram-for-the-royal-garage/2005/10/14/1128796710130.html. live.
  34. "Tram for Denmark's Royal couple" Trolley Wire issue 303 November 2005 page 15
  35. "Destination Denmark" Trolley Wire issue 304 January 2006 pages 3–15
  36. "Breathing new life into Melbourne's historic W series trams" Trolley Wire issue 348 February 2017 page 22
  37. Web site: Retired Trams Strategy. VicTrack, Victorian State Government. 2018. VicTrack. 12 February 2020. 1 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200301164032/https://victrack.com.au/-/media/victrack/documents/reinventing-trams/victrack-retired-trams-strategy.pdf?la=en. live.
  38. Web site: 134 historic Melbourne trams up for sale at bargain price. Mills. Nicole. 2018-05-15. ABC News. en-AU. 2020-02-12. 13 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190813002228/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-15/iconic-melbourne-trams-for-sale-for-thousand-dollars/9759268. live.
  39. Web site: 'Historic' Melbourne trams to call Launceston home. Willard. Jessica. 2019-04-09. The Examiner. en. 2020-02-12. 8 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200308032433/https://www.examiner.com.au/story/6010152/historic-melbourne-trams-to-call-launceston-home/. live.
  40. Web site: Melbourne's famous W-Class trams find new homes. www.9news.com.au. 2020-02-12. 11 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411123649/https://www.9news.com.au/national/news-melbourne-famous-wclass-trams-find-new-homes/d5b075c3-843d-47e6-bc4a-ef4f17ed30ac. live.
  41. Web site: Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board W2 Class No 325 . hawthorntramdepot.org.au . 2012 . 7 July 2013 . 5 May 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130505061109/http://hawthorntramdepot.org.au/trams/mmtb325.htm . live .
  42. Web site: Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot: Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board W Class No 380 . hawthorntramdepot.org.au . 2012 . 7 July 2013 . 5 May 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130505061117/http://hawthorntramdepot.org.au/trams/mmtb380.htm . live .
  43. Web site: VICSIG. vicsig.net. 2020-01-04. 12 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230412011236/https://vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&number=220&class=W. live.
  44. Web site: Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board W1 Class No 431 . hawthorntramdepot.org.au . 2012 . 8 July 2013 . 15 August 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130815025730/http://hawthorntramdepot.org.au/trams/mmtb431.htm . live .
  45. "News in Brief" Trolley Wire issue 203 December 1982 page 2
  46. Book: John Beckhaus . Australian Rail Companion . Sherborne Sutherland Publishing . 1989 . 1-86275-005-X .
  47. Web site: VICSIG. vicsig.net. 2020-01-04. 12 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230412011238/https://vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&number=442&class=W2. live.
  48. Web site: Ballarat Tramway Museum – Ballarat Trams are Ballarat History . btm.org.au . 2009 . 8 July 2013 . 17 March 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120317111636/http://www.btm.org.au/661.htm . live .
  49. Web site: VICSIG. vicsig.net. 2020-01-05. 10 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170710060719/http://vicsig.net/trams/class/W3. live.
  50. Web site: Ballarat Tramway Museum – No. 671 . btm.org.au . 2009 . 8 July 2013 . 17 March 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120317103853/http://www.btm.org.au/671.htm . live .
  51. Web site: VICSIG. vicsig.net. 2020-01-05. 10 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170710064528/http://vicsig.net/trams/class/W4. live.
  52. Web site: VICSIG. vicsig.net. 2020-01-05. 20 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200620012133/https://vicsig.net/trams/class/SW5. live.
  53. Web site: VICSIG. vicsig.net. 2020-01-05. 10 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170710080405/http://vicsig.net/trams/class/W5. live.
  54. Web site: SW6 Class. vicsig.net. 2020-01-05. 10 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170710053258/http://vicsig.net/trams/class/SW6. live.
  55. Web site: W6 Class. vicsig.net. 2020-01-05. 10 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170710060405/http://vicsig.net/trams/class/W6. live.
  56. Web site: Hoadley. David. Melbourne's W-class tram. Trams of Australia. Railpage Australia. 25 November 2013. 1998. 11 October 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111011014944/http://www.railpage.org.au/tram/w.html. live.
  57. Web site: W7 class. Vicsig. 25 November 2013. 29 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160829052340/http://vicsig.net/trams/class/W7. live.
  58. Web site: W6 class. Vicsig. 25 November 2013. 29 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160829052314/http://vicsig.net/trams/class/W6. live.
  59. Web site: VICSIG. vicsig.net. 2020-01-05. 26 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220426080520/https://vicsig.net/trams/class/W7. live.
  60. Book: Destination City: Melbourne Electric Trams. 5th. Norman Cross. Transit Australia Publishing. 1993. 0909459177.
  61. News: W-class icon T946 on track to full restoration. The Age. 23 July 2013. 31 March 2013. 22 December 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121222152848/http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/special-wclass-icon-t946-on-track-to-full-restoration-20120722-22i6x.html. live.
  62. Web site: VICSIG. 2020-06-04. vicsig.net. 4 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200604074346/https://vicsig.net/index.php?page=trams&number=856&class=W8. live.
  63. Web site: Brundle. Liam. The Trams of the Sydney Tramway Museum. Now in pre 1970s M&MTB livery – Operational Tram List. Sydney Tramway Museum. 31 March 2013. 9 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130409180929/http://www.sydneytramwaymuseum.com.au/tramfans/cars/index.shtml. live.
  64. Web site: Interstate Trams. Tramway Museum, St Kilda. 13 April 2019. 11 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411232919/https://www.trammuseumadelaide.com/interstate-trams. live.
  65. http://www.dpcd.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/114240/Tram-rolling-stock_Part1.pdf Melbourne Metropolitan Tramway Study Part 1
  66. Web site: Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board W2 Class No 325. Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot. 31 March 2013. 19 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130419010739/http://hawthorntramdepot.org.au/trams/mmtb325.htm. live.
  67. Web site: PETS Tramcar Collection. Perth Electric Tramway Society. 2 April 2013. 10 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130410025900/http://pets.org.au/pets07.html. live.
  68. Web site: W2 Class 357. Melbourne Tramcar Preservation Association. 31 March 2013. 9 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130409033130/http://mtpa.com.au/tram357.html. live.
  69. Web site: Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board W Class No 380. Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot. 31 March 2013. 19 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130419010749/http://hawthorntramdepot.org.au/trams/mmtb380.htm. live.
  70. Web site: W2 Class 407. Melbourne Tramcar Preservation Association. 31 March 2013. 9 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130409033152/http://mtpa.com.au/tram407.html. live.
  71. Web site: About service fleet trams. Bendigo Tramways. 31 March 2013. 23 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150923183454/http://www.bendigotramways.com/images/stories/pdf/aboutservicefleettrams.pdf. live.
  72. http://www.dpcd.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/114242/Tram-rolling-stock_Part2.pdf Melbourne Metropolitan Tramway Study Part 2
  73. Web site: Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board W1 Class No 431. Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot. 31 March 2013. 9 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130409030727/http://hawthorntramdepot.org.au/trams/mmtb431.htm. live.
  74. Web site: About other trams. Bendigo Tramways. 31 March 2013. 23 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150923183451/http://www.bendigotramways.com/images/stories/pdf/aboutothertrams.pdf. live.
  75. Web site: Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board W2 Class No 510. Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot. 31 March 2013. 19 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130419010814/http://hawthorntramdepot.org.au/trams/mmtb510.htm. live.
  76. Web site: No. 661. Ballarat Tramway Museum. 31 March 2013. 17 March 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120317111636/http://www.btm.org.au/661.htm. live.
  77. Web site: W3 Class 663. Melbourne Tramcar Preservation Association. 31 March 2013. 9 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130409134052/http://mtpa.com.au/tram663.html. live.
  78. Web site: W4 Class 670. Melbourne Tramcar Preservation Association. 31 March 2013. 9 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130409134110/http://mtpa.com.au/tram670.html. live.
  79. Web site: No. 671. Ballarat Tramway Museum. 31 March 2013. 17 March 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120317103853/http://www.btm.org.au/671.htm. live.
  80. Web site: Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board W5 Class No 774. Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot. 31 March 2013. 19 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130419010850/http://hawthorntramdepot.org.au/trams/mmtb774.htm. live.
  81. Web site: SW5 Class 849. Melbourne Tramcar Preservation Association. 31 March 2013. 9 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130409134133/http://mtpa.com.au/tram849.html. live.
  82. Web site: Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board W7 Class No 1040. Friends of Hawthorn Tram Depot. 31 March 2013. 19 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130419010858/http://hawthorntramdepot.org.au/trams/mmtb1040.htm. live.
  83. Web site: Half of W2.556. 1 July 2022. 12 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230412011236/https://foursquare.com/v/the-crooked-carrot-cafe/56a6f890498ee574149f76b2. live.
  84. Web site: Last Stop Ambledown Brook.
  85. http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/fire-destroys-historic-trams-and-buses-at-sydney-tramway-museum-20151024-gkhk2p.html Fire destroys historic trams and buses at Sydney Tram Museum
  86. Web site: The Angliss Tram Café has arrived! . . 8 January 2023 . 8 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230108062857/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vw2iF103dts&ab_channel=WilliamAnglissInstitute . live .
  87. News: Jones. Kerry. 27 January 2021. Diamond Creek Rotary Tram Cafe Project . 4 June 2021 . en-AU . 17 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230417030847/https://www.northerncommunitynews.com.au/diamond-creek-rotary-tram-cafe-project/ . Northern Community News.
  88. Web site: New tram installed in Burwood's Wattle Park to replace one burnt down by vandals. Herald Sun. 14 March 2013. 12 November 2023.
  89. Web site: Neighbours star Alan Fletcher reveals a first look at exciting new tram set. Dainty. Sophie. 30 November 2019. Digital Spy. 5 August 2019. 5 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190805011109/https://www.digitalspy.com/soaps/neighbours/a871712/neighbours-alan-fletcher-first-look-tram-set/. live.
  90. Web site: Vintage tram joins the cast of 'Neighbours'!. Waddington. Andrew. 3 May 2019. British Trams Online News. 5 August 2019. 25 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210625121040/https://www.britishtramsonline.co.uk/news/?p=27396. live.
  91. Web site: Ehrlich. Peter. Memphis, Tennessee. www.nycsubway.org. 31 March 2013. 31 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130731065052/http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee. live.
  92. Web site: Car 369 /Matilda. McKinney Avenue Transit Authority. 31 March 2013. 31 December 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121231153759/http://www.mata.org/369specs.htm. live.
  93. Web site: Melbourne, Australia (W2 Class) – Streetcar No. 496. Market Street Railway. 31 March 2013. 19 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130419083128/http://www.streetcar.org/streetcars/496/. live.
  94. Web site: Historic Trolleys. Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority. 31 March 2013. 29 March 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130329124640/http://www.vta.org/services/trolleys/historic_trolleys.html. live.
  95. Web site: Historic Trolley Car #531. Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority. 31 March 2013. 29 March 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130329124148/http://www.vta.org/services/trolleys/trolley_531.html. live.
  96. http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2014/apr/07/trolley-car-catches-fire-madison/ MATA trolley catches fire; second blaze in six months
  97. Web site: Ehrlich. Peter. Minnesota Transportation Museums. www.nycsubway.org. 31 March 2013. 18 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121018032321/http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/Minnesota_Transportation_Museums. live.
  98. Web site: History. Minnesota Discovery Center. 31 March 2013. 14 May 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130514094005/http://www.mndiscoverycenter.com/about/history. live.
  99. Web site: Large Artifacts. Western Railway Museum. 31 March 2013. 24 April 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130424035621/http://www.wrm.org/equipment/equipment.htm. live.
  100. Web site: Davis. Ennis. Streetcars Return to Savannah. Metro Jacksonville. 31 March 2013. 3 December 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003516/http://www.metrojacksonville.com/article/2009-sep-streetcars-return-to-savannah. live.
  101. News: Sells . Toby . 11 February 2016 . MATA Plans Trolley Return . . Contemporary Media, Inc. . 2018-05-01 . 1 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180501161429/https://www.memphisflyer.com/memphis/mata-plans-trolley-return/Content?oid=4452106 . live .
  102. Web site: Auckland Dockline Tram . Auckland Dockline Tram . 2014-04-10 . 20 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150720202320/http://www.aucklandtram.co.nz/ . live .
  103. Web site: Melbourne, Australia (SW6 Class) – Streetcar No. 916. Market Street Railway. 31 March 2013. 13 March 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130313011223/http://www.streetcar.org/streetcars/916/. live.