| Volvo D5 Engine | |
| Manufacturer: | Volvo Cars |
| Production: | 2002–2017 |
| Configuration: | Inline-5 |
| Displacement: | NaNcc |
| Bore: | 812NaN2 |
| Stroke: | NaN2NaN2 |
| Block: | Aluminium |
| Head: | Aluminium |
| Valvetrain: | DOHC 4 valves x cyl. |
| Fuelsystem: | Common rail Direct injection |
| Management: | EDC15, EDC16, EDC17 |
| Fueltype: | Diesel |
| Oilsystem: | Wet sump |
| Coolingsystem: | Water-cooled |
| Turbocharger: | Variable Nozzle Turbine or Two-stage with intercooler |
| Compression: | 16.5:1, 17.3:1, 18.0:1 |
| Power: | NaN0NaN0 |
| Torque: | NaN0NaN0 |
| Redline: | 5200 rpm |
| Aka: | Volvo D3 Volvo D4 |
| Successor: | VEA Diesel |
| Emissions Level: | Euro 3 - Euro 6 |
The Volvo D5[1] is a type of turbocharged diesel engine developed by Volvo Cars for use in its passenger cars. The D5 engine is based on the Volvo Modular diesel engine.[2] The D5 displaces 2.4 liters; a smaller series of two-litre engines were developed in 2010 and marketed as the Volvo D3 and D4.
It is an all aluminium five-cylinder engine with 20 valves and double overhead camshafts. In all but one late version it has a VGT turbocharger of the type VNT (variable nozzle turbine), common rail direct injection and cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).
There are three generations of D5 engines:
Volvo has a special version of the D5 (D5244T8/T13) for use in the C30, S40, V50 and C70 models that produces 1800NaN0 and 4000NaN0 of torque, reduced to 3500NaN0 with automatic transmission. The engine compartments of these cars are smaller so among other things the engine has a different air intake system, different exhaust system, smaller charge air cooler and a smaller radiator.
The only example of the 2400cc engine to meet the Euro 6 emission standard was in the 2016 model year version of the Volvo XC70 AWD D5 auto.
In 2009 Volvo, in conjunction with Polestar, launched software upgrades for many of its D5 engines.[4] These upgrades have no impact on official emission or fuel consumption figures, but produce power and torque gains of typically a little over 10%. The first engine to have such an upgrade available was the D5244T4, and the upgrade increased the torque from 400to, and power from 185to. The same upgrade was available for the mechanically-identical D5244T5. Similar upgrades have since been launched for later engines.[5]
The D5244T is also offered as a marine engine by Volvo Penta under the name D3. The marinised engine is in large parts identical to D5244T. This includes crankshaft, pistons, camshafts, valves, cylinder block, cylinder head, turbo, injectors and the high pressure pump. The D3 ECU has a modified software, which e.g. gives a modified torque suited for marine applications and has a simplified starting sequence. The hardware differences between D5244T and D3 are: a water-cooled intercooler, a water-cooled exhaust manifold, a heavier monolithic crankwheel, a seawater-pump and a heat exchanger.The output is 110hp at 3,000 rpm, 130hp, 160hp, 190hp, 220hp at 4,000 rpm and it is coupled to a duoprop I/O system.
| Engine code | Max. power | Max. torque | Max. engine speed | Bore x Stroke | Displacement | Compression ratio | Turbocharging system | Common rail |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D5244T | 163PS at 4,000 rpm | 3400NaN0 at 1,750-2,750 rpm | 4,600 rpm | NaN2NaN2 | 2401cc | 18.0:1 | VNT | Second generation 1600bar |
| D5244T2 | 130PS at 4,000 rpm | 2800NaN0 at 1,750-3,000 rpm | ||||||
| D5244T3 | 116PS at 4,000 rpm | 2800NaN0 at 1,750-3,000 rpm | ||||||
| D5244T4 | 185PS at 4,000 rpm | 4000NaN0 at 2,000-2,750 rpm | 5,000 rpm | NaN2NaN2 | 2,400 cc (146.5 cu in) | 17.3:1 | ||
| D5244T5 | 163PS at 4,000 rpm | 3400NaN0 at 1,750-2,250 rpm | ||||||
| D5244T7 | 126PS at 4,000 rpm | 3000NaN0 at 1,750-2,750 rpm | ||||||
| D5244T8 | 180PS at 4,000 rpm | 3500NaN0 at 1,750-3,250 rpm | 4,600 rpm | |||||
| D5244T13 | 4000NaN0 at 2,000-2,750 rpm | |||||||
| D5244T18 | 200PS at 3,900 rpm | 4200NaN0 at 1,900-2,800 rpm | 5,000 rpm | |||||
| D5244T10 | 205PS[6] at 4,000 rpm | 4200NaN0 at 1,500-3,250 rpm | 5,200 rpm | 16.5:1 | Two-stage | Third generation 1800bar | ||
| D5244T11 | 215PS at 4,000 rpm | |||||||
| D5244T14 | 175PS at 3,000-4,000 rpm | 4200NaN0 at 1,500-2,750 rpm | 5,000 rpm | VNT | ||||
| D5244T15 | 215PS at 4,000 rpm | 4400NaN0 at 1,500-3,000 rpm | 5,200 rpm | Two-stage | ||||
| D5244T16/T17 | 163PS at 4,000 rpm | 4200NaN0 at 1,500-2,500 rpm | 5,000 rpm | |||||
| D5244T21 | 190PS at 4,000 rpm | 5,200 rpm | NaN2NaN2 | |||||
| D5244T22[7] | 220PS at 4,000 rpm | 4200NaN0 at 1,500-3,000 rpm |
Note: 'D5' is branding. All these engines share the five-cylinder block, although not all consistently used the 'D5' badge over time. This is due to changes in hardware and the specific model the engine was deployed in. E.g. On the S60 -05 range, the D5244T was labelled 'D5', and subsequently the D5244T5 was labelled '2.4D' as a (software) detuned version of the D5244T4 'D5' on the 05-09 range. The D5244T21 was even badged 'D4' when used in the S60 D4 AWD automatic between 2016 and 2018.[8] [9] Similarly the 2016 XC60 AWD branded the 190PS D5244T21 as 'D4', but the 220PS D5244T20 as 'D5', whilst the two wheel drive XC60 model of the same year used 'D4' to describe the different D4204T four-cylinder diesel engine developed in conjunction with Ford and PSA.[10]
In 2010 Volvo debuted a new series of two-liter engines based on the third generation D5 with all the features of that engine. Three models with different power outputs were available (internal model codes D5204T, D5204T2, and D5204T5), marketed as the D3 and D4 depending on output. The direct injection pump is a Bosch CP4 with two heads, helping to produce torque of around 400sigfig=2NaNsigfig=2 even at low engine speeds.
The D3/D4 bore remains the same as in the D5, but with a 77mm stroke the displacement is brought down to 19841NaN1, keeping it below the vital two-litre threshold in many countries. The D3 is the lower-powered series, with the higher output D5204T referred to as the D4.
In April 2011 the original D5204T2 was replaced by the upgraded D3 version, which featured Volvo's "Volvo Environment Diesel" (VED) technologies to lower emissions and consumption. Power and torque figures remained largely unchanged. In April 2012 a lower tuned engine, the 1360NaN0 D5204T7 was announced; it was marketed as a "D3" and meanwhile the 1630NaN0 version changed its name to "D4".[11]
| D5204T | D5204T2 | D5204T3 | D5204T4 | D5204T5 | D5204T6 | D5204T7 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max power | 177PS at 3,500 rpm | 163PS at 2,900 rpm | 163PS at 3,500 rpm | 177PS at 3,500 rpm | 150PS at 3,500 rpm | 150PS at 3,500 rpm | 136PS at 3,500 rpm | |
| Max torque | 4000NaN0 at 1,750-2,750 rpm | 4000NaN0 at 1,400-2,850 rpm | 4000NaN0 at 1,500-2,750 rpm | 4000NaN0 at 1,750-2,750 rpm | 3500NaN0 at 1,500-2,750 rpm | 3500NaN0 at 1,500-2,750 rpm | 3500NaN0 at 1,500-2,250 rpm | |
| Max engine speed | 5,000 rpm | 4,400 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | |
| Bore x Stroke | NaN2NaN2 | |||||||
| Displacement | 1984cc | |||||||
| Compression ratio | 16.5:1 | |||||||
| Charging system | Variable Nozzle Turbine | |||||||
| Common rail | Third generation 1800bar | |||||||
See main article: Volvo Engine Architecture. In autumn of 2013 the new Volvo Engine Architecture was introduced. The 5-cylinder D5 began a process of being gradually phased out along with the V70/XC70 and first generation XC60. Production of the D5 type engines ended in 2017.