List of Volkswagen Group petrol engines explained
The spark-ignition petrol engines listed below operate on the four-stroke cycle, and unless stated otherwise, use a wet sump lubrication system, and are water-cooled.[1]
Since the Volkswagen Group is German, official internal combustion engine performance ratings are published using the International System of Units (commonly abbreviated "SI"), a modern form of the metric system of figures. Motor vehicle engines will have been tested by a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) accredited testing facility, to either the original 80/1269/EEC, or the later 1999/99/EC standards. The standard initial measuring unit for establishing the rated motive power output is the kilowatt (kW); and in their official literature, the power rating may be published in either the kW, or the metric horsepower (often abbreviated "PS" for the German word Pferdestärke), or both, and may also include conversions to imperial units such as the horsepower (hp) or brake horsepower (bhp). (Conversions: one PS = 735.5 watts (W); ˜ 0.98632 hp (SAE)). In case of conflict, the metric power figure of kilowatts (kW) will be stated as the primary figure of reference. For the turning force generated by the engine, the Newton metre (Nm) will be the reference figure of torque. Furthermore, in accordance with European automotive traditions, engines shall be listed in the following ascending order of preference:
- Number of cylinders,
- Engine displacement (in litres),
- Engine configuration, and
- Rated motive power output (in kilowatts).
The petrol engines which Volkswagen Group previously manufactured and installed are in the list of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines article.
Nomenclature
Both vehicle and engine platforms developed by Volkswagen are specified internally as an Entwicklungsauftrag ("EA"), or development assignment. The numbers denoting a particular Entwicklungsauftrag don't follow a strictly chronological scheme, but have generally increased over time.
EA211 R3/R4
See main article: Volkswagen EA211 engine. The EA211 engines are a completely new four-cylinder turbocharged and direct-injection TSI engines. Compared to its predecessor, the EA211 series is significantly more compact, with installation length 50mm shorter, thus offering more interior space. The installation position of the engines has also been optimised. Just as in the diesels, the petrol engines are now mounted with the exhaust side facing backwards and tilted at an angle of 12 degrees. The weight of these petrol engines made of die-cast aluminium is only 97kg (214lb) for the 1.2 TSI and 106kg (234lb) for the 1.4 TSI. The crankshaft alone became lighter by 20 per cent; the connecting rods lost 30 per cent of their weight. In addition the connecting rod bearing journals are now hollow-drilled and pistons now come with flat bottoms, all of them optimized for lower weight.Regarding thermal management, the EA211 petrol engine is equipped with a modern dual-circuit cooling system. That means that a high temperature circuit with a mechanically driven cooling pump cools the basic engine, while a low temperature circuit flows through the intercooler and the turbo-charger casing. The cylinder-head circuit heats the cabin's interior. The exhaust manifold is integrated into the cylinder head, enabling the engine to warm up more quickly, in turn making heat available quickly for the passenger cabin. At high loads, the exhaust is cooled by the coolant, lowering fuel consumption.
1.0 R3 12v
The new fuel-saving engine presented at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show
- identification:parts code prefix: 04E, ID code: CHYA, CHYB, CHZD, CSEB, DHSB
engine displacement & engine configuration: 999cc inline three engine (R3/I3); bore x stroke: 74.5x, bore spacing: 82mm,[2] stroke ratio: 0.99:1 – 'square engine', 333.1cc cylinder, compression ratio: 10.5:1
cylinder block & crankcase: cast aluminium alloy; four main bearings, die-forged steel crankshaft
cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 12 valves total, double overhead camshaft (DOHC)
aspiration: natural and turbocharged
fuel system: multi-point electronic indirect fuel injection with three intake manifold-sited fuel injectors
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs
440NaN0 at 5,000–6,000 rpm; 950NaN0 at 3,000–4,300 rpm (CHYA)
550NaN0 at 6,200 rpm; 950NaN0 at 3,000–4,300 rpm (CHYB)
620NaN0 at 6,350 rpm; 1020NaN0 at 3,000 rpm with Ethanol (CSEB)
700NaN0 at 5,000–5,500 rpm; 1600NaN0 at 1500–3,500 rpm (CHZB)
850NaN0 at 5,000–5,500 rpm; 2000NaN0 at 2000–3,500 rpm (CHZD)
940NaN0 at 5,500 rpm; 2000NaN0 at 2,000-3,500 rpm with Ethanol (DHSB)
- application: Volkswagen up!, Skoda Citigo, Skoda Fabia III, Seat Mii, Seat Ibiza, Seat Arona, Volkswagen Golf VII, Volkswagen Polo, Volkswagen T-Roc, Volkswagen T-Cross, Audi A1 (GB), SEAT León (4th Gen)
1.2 R4 TSI
Main article - Volkswagen_EA211_engineThese newly developed generation of modern petrol engines are manufactured at the Škoda Auto plant in Mladá Boleslav.
- identification: EA211 engine family. Turbocharged and direct-injection TSI engines with a four-cylinder, four-valve layout and belt driven camshafts.
1.2 TSI 66 kW:The entry-level petrol engine. Turbocharging produces a maximum torque of 160 Nm (at 1,400 to 3,500 rpm).
1.2 TSI 77 kW:The improved performance version of the 1.2 TSI Green tec, which includes a start/stop system and brake energy recuperation, manages an output of 77 kW (105 hp). This TSI engine provides a maximum torque of 175 Nm at between 1,400 and 4,000 rpm.
1.4 TSI
For 2012, these newly developed generation of modern petrol engines are manufactured at the Škoda Auto plant in Mladá Boleslav.
- identification:parts code prefix: 04E
description:1.4 TFSI Green tec engine with 110 kW (140 hp). This engine achieves its maximum torque of 250 Nm at 1,500 to 3,500 rpm.In North American market it is referred to as CZTA type engine (150 hp).In Chilean market it is referred to as CHPA type engine (140 hp) or CZDA type engine (150 hp).
New lightweight aluminum construction, an integrated (into the head) exhaust manifold, and a toothed-belt drive for its double overheadcamshaft valvetrain that incorporates variable intake and exhaust timing. The only aspect to be carried over from the EA111 engine thatpreceded it is the 82 mm cylinder spacing. The cylinder bore was decreased by 2 mm (to 74.5mm) while the stroke was increased to 80mm, achange which helps compactness, increases torque, and is ideal for adding boost.
- DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes
900NaN0 at 5,000 rpm; 200Nm at 1,500-4,000 rpm — CMBA, CPVA
920NaN0 at 5,000 rpm; 200Nm at 1,500-4,000 rpm — CZCA, CPVB
1030NaN0 at 5,000 rpm; 250Nm at 1,500-4,000 rpm — CHPA, CPTA (CPTA engine is a CHPA engine with automatic #2 and #3 cylinders deactivation system known as ACT - Active Cylinder Technology)
1100NaN0 at 5,000 rpm; 250Nm at 1,500-4,000 rpm — CZDA, CZEA, CZTA (CZEA engine also uses the ACT system)1.5 TSI (EA211 Evo)
- identification:parts code prefix: 05E
description:1.5 TFSI Green tece engine
- DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes
960NaN0 at 5,000 rpm; NaNNm at 1,400-3,500 rpm — DACA-non GPF, DACB-non-GPF, DPBA-GPF, DPBE-GPF
1100NaN0 at 5,000 rpm; 250Nm at 1,500-3,500 rpm — DADA-non GPF, GPF after 2018, DPCA-GPF, both engines have ACT.
- DXDB-evo2
1100NaN0 at 5,000 rpm; 250Nm at 1,500-3,500 rpm — DFYA with mild hybridEA113 R4
The EA827 family of internal combustion engines was initially developed by Audi under Ludwig Kraus leadership and introduced in 1972 in the Audi 80, and was eventually superseded by the EA113 evolution introduced in 1993. Both share the same 88mm cylinder spacing. The latter EA113 was updated with Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) direct injection, to be topped by the 2000NaN0 2.0 TFSI used in the Audi TTS. Forty million engines have been produced. This range will eventually be superseded by the evolved version with heavy changes EA888 project, introduced with the 1.8 TSI/TFSI below, but the EA113 still remains in production.
1.4 R4 16v TSI/TFSI
Based on the EA111, this new engine was announced at the 2005 Frankfurt Motor Show, to be first used in the Mk5 Golf GT, the 125 kW 1.4-litre TSI engine is a "Twincharger", and uses both a turbocharger and a supercharger. Its displacement downsizing leads to improved fuel economy, with 14% more power than the 2.0 FSI, but consuming 5% less fuel. The mechanical supercharger compressor, driven at 5 times the speed of the crankshaft, mainly operates at low engine speeds from idle up to 2,400 revolutions per minute (rpm) to increase low-end torque. At engine speeds just above idle, the belt-driven supercharger provides a boost pressure of 1.751NaN1. The turbocharger assumes full effectiveness at middle revs, and the engine map disengages the clutch-controlled supercharger at a maximum upper limit of 3,500 rpm; the supercharger will then be bypassed once the turbocharger spools up and reaches sufficient speed to provide adequate boost in the upper rev-ranges. This engine is made at Volkswagen-Motorenfertigung, Chemnitz.
In 2007, Volkswagen announced the 90 kW model which will replace the 1.6 FSI 850NaN0 engine. This engine differs from the 103 kW and 125 kW models in several ways. It uses only one method of forced induction – a turbocharger (and not a supercharger), and has water-cooled intercooler. The engine has reduced frictional losses, optimised camshafts, new intake ports, and new high-pressure injector valves. It is also 14kg (31lb) lighter than the 125 kW model, in order to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions.
See also: Volkswagen G60 engine.
- identification: parts code prefix: 03C, ID codes: BLG, BMY, CAXC
engine displacement & engine configuration: 1390cc inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore x stroke: 76.5x, stroke ratio: 1.01:1 – 'square engine', 347.5 cc per cylinder, 120-1NaN-1 peak pressures, compression ratio: 10.0:1
cylinder block & crankcase: grey cast iron; 82mm cylinder spacing, five main bearings, die-forged steel crankshaft, roller chain-driven oil pump
cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 16 valves total, low-friction roller finger cam followers with automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, roller chain driven double overhead camshaft (DOHC), continuous adjusting variable intake valve timing
aspiration: hot-film air mass meter, cast alloy throttle body with electronically controlled Bosch "E-Gas" throttle valve
90 to 96 kW variants — two-part plastic intake manifold, turbocharger incorporated in exhaust manifold with maximum boost pressure 1.81NaN1, water-cooled intercooler integrated into intake manifold
103 to 125 kW variants — multi-ribbed belt-driven fifth-generation Eaton Roots-type positive displacement supercharger operated by a magnetic clutch integrated in a module inside the water pump, internal step-down ratio on the input end of the synchronisation gear pair, and KKK turbocharger with integrated wastegate connected in series, administrated by a control flap, 2.51NaN1 pressure at 1,500 rpm, front-mounted intercooler (FMIC)
- fuel system: fully demand-controlled and returnless; – fuel tank–mounted low-pressure fuel pump; Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI): camshaft-driven single-piston high-pressure injection pump supplying up to 150-1NaN-1 fuel pressure in common rail fuel rail integrated into the inlet manifold, four combustion chamber sited direct injection sequential solenoid-controlled six-hole fuel injectors, mounted on the intake side between the intake port and cylinder head, homogeneous mixing, stratified lean-burn operation with excess air at part load,
90 to 103 kW variants — 95 RON ultra-low sulphur unleaded petrol (ULSP)
110 to 125 kW variants — 98 RON 'Super Unleaded' ultra-low sulphur unleaded petrol (ULSP) – 95 RON may be used, but will result in lower power output
- ignition system & engine management: centrally positioned NGK longlife spark plugs, mapped direct ignition with four individual direct-acting single spark coils; Bosch Motronic ME electronic engine control unit (ECU), knock control via a single knock sensor, permanent lambda control
exhaust system: cast iron exhaust manifold (with integrated turbocharger), one catalytic converter, two heated oxygen sensors monitoring pre- and post catalyst exhaust gases
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes
900NaN0
- 210Nm at 1,500–4,000 rpm — Passat (2009 on)
900NaN0
- 200Nm at 1,500–3,500 rpm — CAXA; Golf Mk5 (2007 on), Tiguan (08/10->), Škoda Octavia Mk2, Škoda Yeti, Scirocco Mk3, Audi A1, Audi A3 Mk3
92NaN
- 200Nm at 1,500–4,000 rpm — CAXC; Audi A3, SEAT Leon
960NaN0
- 220Nm at 1,750–3,500 rpm — CFBA; Golf Mk6, VW Jetta V, Passat B6, Škoda Octavia Mk2, LAVIDA(SAIC-VW), Bora
1030NaN0
- 220Nm — BMY; Touran from early 2006, Golf Mk5, Jetta
1100NaN0 at 5,800 rpm; 220Nm at 1,250–4,500 rpm — CAVF/CTHF; SEAT Ibiza FR
1100NaN0 at 5,800 rpm; 240Nm at 1,750–4,000 rpm — BWK/CAVA; VW Tiguan; VW Sharan Mk2
1100NaN0 at 5,800 rpm; 240Nm at 1,750–4,000 rpm — CDGA; Touran, Passat B7 EcoFuel
1180NaN0 at 5,800 rpm; 240Nm at 1,750–4,500 rpm — CAVD; Golf Mk5, Golf Mk6, Tiguan, Scirocco Mk3, VW Jetta TSI Sport
1180NaN0 at 5,800 rpm; 240Nm at 1,750–4,500 rpm — CTHD; (Updated CAVD for 2013 Models)
1250NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 240Nm (MEP 21.7 bar) at 1,750–4,500 rpm (200Nm at 1,250–6,000 rpm), rev limit: 7,000 rpm — BLG; Golf Mk5 GT, Jetta, Golf Plus, Touran
1320NaN0 at 6,200 rpm; 250Nm at 2,000 – 4,500 rpm — CAVE/CTHE; SEAT Ibiza Cupra, Polo GTI, Fabia RS
1360NaN0 at 6,200 rpm; 250Nm at 2,000 – 4,500 rpm — CAVG/CTHG; Audi A1
- applications: 2005 VW Golf Mk5, 2006 VW Touran, 2008 Audi A3, 2008 VW Scirocco, possibly in the 2008 VW Concept R, 2007 SEAT León, 2008 Škoda Octavia, 2009 VW Tiguan, 2009 VW Golf Mk6
references:Web site: Volkswagen Golf GT TSI – Supercharged and Turbocharged 1.4L. Volkswagen AG. 29 August 2005. VWVortex.com. 6 September 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20080225163450/http://www.vwvortex.com/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi?archive=7&num=1496&printer=1. 25 February 2008. dead.
In a nutshell: Engine Technology 2006. Volkswagen AG. 16 March 2006. Volkswagen-Media-Services.com. 7 September 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20071101035607/http://www.volkswagen-media-services.com/medias_publish/ms/content/en/pressemitteilungen/2006/03/16/in_a_nutshell__engine_technology_2006.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html. 1 November 2007. dead.
To the Point: TSI Offensive . Volkswagen AG . 29 May 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070703205322/http://www.volkswagen-media-services.com/medias_publish/ms/content/en/pressemitteilungen/2007/05/29/to_the_point__tsi.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html . 3 July 2007 .
Web site: New VW 122 PS TSI Engine in detail. Volkswagen AG. 29 May 2007. WorldCarFans.com. 7 September 2009.
Web site: Jim. Parks. Eaton Supercharger Boosts VW Green Engine Of The Year. Eaton Corporation. Eaton.com. 10 July 2009. 24 July 2009. The highly regarded engine was named International Engine of the Year, Best Engine in the 1-litre to 1.4-litre category, and Green Engine of the Year, ahead of state-of-the-art hybrid and twin-turbo diesel competition..
Awards
Was winner of the "Best New Engine" category in the 2006 annual competition for International Engine of the Year.
Was winner of the "1.0-litre 1.4-litre" category for six consecutive years in the 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 annual competition for International Engine of the Year.
Was winner of the "Green Engine of the Year" category in the 2009 annual competition for International Engine of the Year.
Was outright overall winner of the 2009 and 2010 International Engine of the Year annual competition.
1.6 R4 16v
- identification: parts code prefix: 036
engine displacement & engine configuration: 1598cc inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore x stroke: 76.5x, stroke ratio: 0.88:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 399.4 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 10.5:1 (China), 11.5:1 (ATN, AUS, AZD, BCB), 12.1:1 (AUS)
cylinder block & crankcase: grey cast iron; five main bearings, die-forged steel crankshaft
cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 16 valves total, double overhead camshaft (DOHC)
fuel system & engine management
electronic multipoint injection; Bosch MD 7; Magneti Marelli 4MV (ATN, AUS), 4LV (AZD, BCB), 7GV
electronic injection Total Flex gasoline or ethanol (Brazil)
- DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes
770NaN0 at 5,700 rpm; 148Nm at 4,500 rpm — AUS, AZD, ATN, BCB (discontinued)
770NaN0 at 5,600 rpm; 153Nm at 3,800 rpm — BTS, CFNA, CLSA
630NaN0 at 5,200 rpm; 145Nm at 3,750 rpm — CFNB
800NaN0 at 5,800 rpm; 150Nm at 4,200 rpm — (China)
- applications: SEAT Ibiza Mk3, Mk4 & Mk5, SEAT Córdoba Mk2, SEAT León Mk1, SEAT Toledo Mk2, Mk4, Škoda Fabia Mk2, Škoda Rapid, Škoda Roomster (BTS: 05/06->), Škoda Octavia, Volkswagen Polo Mk4, Volkswagen Golf Mk4, Volkswagen Bora, VW Jetta Mk4 (China), Volkswagen Polo sedan
1.8 R4
- identification:parts code prefix: ???, ID code: ADF
engine displacement & engine configuration: 1781cc inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore x stroke: 81x, stroke ratio: 0.94:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 445.2 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 9.0:1
cylinder block & crankcase: grey cast iron; five main bearings, die-forged steel crankshaft
cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder, 8 valves total, hydraulic bucket tappets, timing belt-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC)
fuel system: Pierburg 1B3 downdraft carburettor
dimensions: length: 502mm, width 656mm, height 593mm, dry mass: 111kg (245lb)
EWG-rated motive power & torque output
500NaN0 at 4,000 rpm; 144Nm at 2,100 rpm
- application: Volkswagen Industrial Motor (04/94->)
reference: Book: ADF 1.8 ltr [sic] Carburettor engine]. Volkswagen AG. mi-uk.com. September 1993. 12 November 2009. dead. 30 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130730115704/http://www.mi-uk.com/products/engines/downloads/adf18.pdf.
1.8 R4
- identification:parts code prefix: ???, ID codes: HT, RD, RV, PB, GZ, GX, PF, FP, ABS, ADZ, ACC
engine displacement & engine configuration: 1781cc inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore x stroke: 81x, stroke ratio: 0.94:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 445.2 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 8.5–10.8:1
cylinder block & crankcase: grey cast iron; five main bearings, die-forged steel crankshaft
cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; two valves per cylinder, 8 valves total, single overhead camshaft (SOHC)
fuel system & engine management
Bosch CIS continuous single-point fuel injection system, with or without knock control and electronic timing advance
multi-point electronic indirect fuel injection with four intake manifold-sited fuel injectors; Magneti Marelli, Bosch Motronic or Digifant
electronic injection Total Flex, Gasoline or Ethanol (BR)
- DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes, applications
550NaN0 at 5,000 rpm; 140Nm at 2,500 rpm — AAM, ANN (discontinued)
660NaN0 at 5,200 rpm; 142Nm at 3,000 rpm — RP (discontinued)
660NaN0 at 5,500 rpm; 145Nm at 2,500 rpm — ABS, ADZ, ANP: VW Gol, VW Golf Mk3, VW Pointer, SEAT Ibiza Mk2
720NaN0 at 5,400 rpm; 143Nm at 3,000 rpm — 1P (discontinued)
760NaN0 at 5,400 rpm; 155Nm at 3,000 rpm — VW Gol, Volkswagen Santana, VW Golf Mk1, VW Golf Mk2, VW Saveiro
- applications: Audi 80, Audi 100, SEAT Ibiza Mk2, SEAT Córdoba Mk1, SEAT Toledo Mk1, Volkswagen Golf Mk2, Volkswagen Golf Mk3, Volkswagen Golf Mk3 Cabriolet, Volkswagen Golf Mk3 Variant, Volkswagen Vento, Volkswagen Jetta Mk2, Volkswagen Jetta Mk3, Volkswagen Passat B2, Volkswagen Passat B3, Volkswagen Passat B4
1.8 R4 16v
- identification: parts code prefix: PL, 9A, KR (1.8 & 2.0 versions)
engine displacement & engine configuration: 1781cc inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore x stroke: 81x, stroke ratio: 0.94:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 445.2 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 10.0:1, longitudinally mounted
cylinder block & crankcase: grey cast iron; five main bearings, die-forged steel crankshaft
cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 16 valves total, double overhead camshaft (DOHC)
fuel system & engine management: multi-point electronic sequential indirect fuel injection with four intake manifold-sited fuel injectors; Bosch Motronic electronic engine control unit (ECU)
DIN-rated motive power & torque output: 95kW at ?,??? rpm; 146Nm at ?,??? rpm: SEAT Ibiza GTI
1.8 R4 20vT (EA113/EA827)
Wholly created and developed by AUDI AG, this version is a 1.8-litre 20-valve turbocharged engine built in Wolfsburg, Germany; Győr, Hungary; and Puebla, Mexico. Output varies based on internal component selection, turbocharger, and engine control unit (ECU) software. This ubiquitous power plant has been extensively used in all four mainstream Volkswagen Group marques, along with Volkswagen Industrial Motor applications.
This engine is also used in a very high state of tune in the one-make Formula Palmer Audi (FPA) open-wheeled auto racing series. It develops 3000NaN0, with an extra 600NaN0 available from a driver operated 'push-to-pass' turbo boost button. Based entirely on road-car production engines and prepared and built by Mountune Racing, it only differs by utilising a Pi Research Pectel electronic fuel injection and a water-cooled Garrett T34 turbocharger with closed-loop boost control.
Furthermore, an even higher 'step up' version of this engine was used in the later European-based FIA Formula Two Championship. Developed as a pure race engine and again built by Mountune Racing, this variant includes many all-new lightweight components, and has been converted to a dry sump lubrication system. For its initial 2009 season, it produced a continuous maximum power of 4000NaN0 at 8,250 revolutions per minute (rpm), and includes a limited duration 'overboost' to 4500NaN0, aided by an all-new Garrett GT35 turbocharger and a Pi Research Pectel MQ12 ECU. From the 2010 season, base power is increased to 4250NaN0, and with overboost to 4800NaN0.
- identification: parts code prefix: 058, 06A, 06B
engine displacement & engine configuration: 1781cc inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore x stroke: 81x, stroke ratio: 0.94:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 445.2 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 9.0–9.5:1
cylinder block & crankcase: grey cast iron; five main bearings, die-forged steel crankshaft, fracture-split forged steel connecting rods, Mahle forged aluminium alloy pistons
cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; five valves per cylinder, 20 valves total, hydraulic bucket tappets, timing belt-driven double overhead camshaft (DOHC) with variable inlet valve timing
aspiration: cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, turbocharger, intercooler
fuel system, ignition system & engine management: multi-point electronic sequential indirect fuel injection with four intake manifold-sited fuel injectors; mapped direct ignition with four individual direct-acting single spark coils; Bosch Motronic ME 7.5 (MBE 975F on Industrial variants) electronic engine control unit (ECU), red line: 6,500 rpm, rev limit 6,800 rpmMass
149 kg ('BAM' engine, dry)
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes, applications
1100NaN0 at 5,800 rpm; 210Nm at 1,750–4,600 rpm — AEB, AGU, AJH, ANB, APH, ARX, ARZ, ATW, AUM, AWC, AWD, AWL, AWT, AWV, AWW, BJX, BKF, BKV
VW Polo GTI, VW Golf Mk4 GTI, VW Bora, VW New Beetle, VW Passat B5 and VW Sagitar.VW Sharan . Also on the Audi TT Mk1 (8N), Audi A3 (first gen.), Audi A4, Audi A6, Škoda Octavia, Škoda Superb (first gen.) and SEAT Ibiza.
1100NaN0 at 5,700 rpm; 220Nm at 1,800 rpm — EU5 rated: CFMA
SEAT Exeo (CFMA: 12/08-on)
1150NaN0 — AQX, AYP
SEAT Ibiza Mk3 Cupra, Cupra R, SEAT Cordoba Cupra
1200NaN0 at 5,700 rpm; 225Nm at 1,950–4,700 rpm — BFB, BKB, BVP
replaced the 110 kW version in 2003 on most models; Audi A4, Audi TT
1250NaN0 at 5,900 rpm; 225Nm at 1,950–5,000 rpm — AMB, AWM
Audi A4, VW Passat. This version only exists in North American and emerging markets.
at 5,500 rpm; 235Nm at 1,950–5,000 rpm — AJQ, APP, ARY, ATC, AUQ, AWP, BEK, BNU (North America only), AJL, BBU (UK)
Volkswagen Golf Mk4 GTI, VW Bora/Jetta, New Beetle, Audi A3, Audi A4 Quattro Sport, Audi TT Mk1 (8N), Škoda Octavia vRS, SEAT León, SEAT Toledo, VW Polo GTI.
1400NaN0 at 5,700 rpm; 240Nm at 1,950–4,700 rpm — BEX, BVR
Audi A4 (BEX: 11/02-12/04), Audi TT Mk1 (8N) (BVR: 09/05-06/06)
- 270Nm — APY, AUL, AMK
Audi S3 (8L) (APY: 11/98-08/00, AUL: 09/99-04/01, AMK: 09/00-04/02), SEAT León Mk1 (1M) Cupra R (05/02-05/03)
at 5,900 rpm; 280Nm at 2,200–5,500 rpm — AMU, BEA (North America only), APX, BAM
Audi TT Mk1 (8N), Audi S3 (8L), SEAT León Mk1 (1M) Cupra R (05/03-06/06). This version is built in Győr.
at 5,700 rpm; 320Nm at 2,300–5,000 rpm —
2005 Audi TT quattro Sport, (9:1 compression ratio) — BFV
- EWG-rated motive power & torque outputs, applications
1470NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 260Nm at 2,500–5,500 rpm — Volkswagen Industrial Motor, Stage1
1840NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 300Nm at 2,500–5,500 rpm — Volkswagen Industrial Motor, Stage2
2210NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 360Nm at 4,000–5,500 rpm — Volkswagen Industrial Motor, Stage3
- references:Web site: Audi TT quattro Sport revealed . . WorldCarFans.com . 22 February 2005 . 4 January 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101023082625/http://www.worldcarfans.com/10502229479/audi-tt-quattro-sport-revealed . 23 October 2010 .
Book: The 1.8 Turbo Gasoline. Volkswagen AG. mi-uk.com. 12 November 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110714083106/http://www.mi-uk.com/products/engines/downloads/18t.pdf. 14 July 2011.
Web site: Formula Palmer Audi Championship – The FPA Car. MotorSport Vision. FormulaPalmerAudi.com. 6 January 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110711020816/http://www.formulapalmeraudi.com/about-fpa/car.aspx. 11 July 2011.
Web site: The Williams JPH1 FIA Formula Two car. MotorSport Vision. FormulaTwo.com. 6 January 2010. 6 January 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20090519074054/http://www.formulatwo.com/news/williams-jph1.aspx. 19 May 2009. dead.
awards
Was placed in the 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002 and 2003 annual list of Ward's 10 Best Engines
2.0 R4 16v "Turbo FSI"/TSI/TFSI (EA113)
This turbocharged EA113 engine is based on the naturally aspirated 110kW 2.0 FSI.
- identification: parts code prefix/variant: 06F.C, 06F.D
engine displacement & engine configuration: 1984cc inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore x stroke: 82.5x, stroke ratio: 0.89:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 496.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 10.5:1
cylinder block & crankcase: CG25 grey cast iron with liquid-blasted cylinder bore honing; 88mm cylinder spacing, five main bearings, die-forged steel crankshaft, two simplex-roller chain driven balance shafts
cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; modified inlet duct geometry for high tumble values providing superior knock resistance, four valves per cylinder (exhaust valves sodium filled for increased cooling), 16 valves total, low-friction roller finger cam followers with automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, belt and roller-chain driven double overhead camshaft (DOHC), continuous intake camshaft adjustment (42° variance from crankshaft)
aspiration: hot-film air mass meter incorporated into air filter housing, cast alloy throttle body with electronically controlled throttle valve, plastic variable length controlled intake manifold with charge movement flaps adjusted by a continuous-action pilot motor, 0.91NaN1 boost water-cooled BorgWarner K03 turbocharger (K04 on 169 kW upwards) incorporated in exhaust manifold, sandwiched central front-mounted intercooler (FMIC)
fuel system: fully demand-controlled and returnless; – fuel tank–mounted low-pressure fuel pump, Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI): inlet camshaft double-cam driven Hitachi single-piston high-pressure injection pump maintaining a pressure between 30and in the stainless steel common rail fuel rail, four combustion chamber sited direct injection sequential solenoid-controlled fuel injectors, air-guided combustion process, multi-pulse injection with homogeneous mixing, stratified lean-burn operation with excess air at part load
ignition system & engine management: centrally positioned Bosch longlife spark plugs, mapped direct ignition with four individual direct-acting single spark coils; Bosch Motronic MED 9.1 electronic engine control unit (ECU), cylinder-selective knock control via two knock sensors, permanent lambda control
exhaust system: Cast iron exhaust manifold (with integrated BorgWarner turbocharger), one primary and one main ceramic catalytic converters, two heated oxygen sensors monitoring pre- and post catalyst exhaust gases
dimensions: length: 652mm, width: 648mm, height: 666mm, mass: 152kg (335lb)
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes & applications
1250NaN0 at 4,300 rpm; 280Nm at 1,800–4,200 rpm — BPJ — Audi A6 (C6), VW Tiguan
1360NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 270Nm at 1,800–5,000 rpm — BWA — 2005 SEAT León
1470NaN0 at 5,100–6,000 rpm; 280Nm at 1,700–5,000 rpm — AXX, BWA, BWE, BPY (North America) — Audi A4 (B7), Audi A3 (8P), 2006 Audi TT, VW Passat (B6), VW Golf Mk5 GTI, VW Jetta Mk5 GLI, SEAT León FR Mk2, SEAT Altea, SEAT Toledo Mk3, SEAT Exeo, Škoda Octavia (1Z) vRS1620NaN0 at 5,900 rpm; 300Nm at 2,200–4,800 rpm — BUL — 2005 Audi A4 (B7) DTM Edition, Audi A4 (B7) Special Edition
1620NaN0 at 4,500–6,300 rpm; 350Nm at 2,500–4,400 rpm — CDL — Volkswagen Polo R WRC
1410NaN0 at 4,200–6,000 rpm; 320Nm at 1,450–4,200 rpm — CDL — Audi A5 (B9; 40 TFSI)
1690NaN0 at 5,500 rpm; 300Nm at 2,250–5,200 rpm — BYD — VW Golf Mk5 GTI Edition 30, Pirelli Edition
1730NaN0 at 5,500 rpm; 300Nm at 2,200–5,200 rpm — CDL — Volkswagen Golf MKVI GTI Edition 35
at 6,000 rpm; 300Nm at 2,200–5,500 rpm — BWJ — SEAT León Cupra Mk2
at 5,700–6,300 rpm; at 2,200–5,500 rpm — CDLD — SEAT León Cupra Mk2 facelift
1860NaN0 at 5,000–6,000 rpm; 370Nm at 1,600–4,500 rpm — CDLA — Audi A5 (B9; 45 TFSI)
1880NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 330Nm at 2,400–5,200 rpm — CDL — Audi S3 (8P), Golf R (Australia, Japan, Middle-East and North America)
1950NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 350Nm at 2,500–5,000 rpm — BHZ — Audi S3 (8P)
1950NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 350Nm at 2,500–5,000 rpm — CDL — Scirocco R
1950NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 350Nm at 2,300–5,200 rpm — CDLA — Audi S3 (8P), Audi TTS, SEAT León Cupra R Mk2 facelift, VW Scirocco R
at 6,000 rpm; 350Nm at 2,500–5,000 rpm — CDLF — Golf R (Europe)
2000NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 350Nm at 2,500–5,000 rpm — CDLB — Audi TTS (Europe), VW Arteon (North America)
- notes: the 162 kW (only Polo R WRC) and higher versions have stronger pistons and gudgeon pins, new rings, reinforced connecting rods, new bearings, reinforced cylinder block at the main bearing pedestals and cap, new lightweight aluminium-silicon alloy cylinder head for high temperature resistance and strength, adjusted exhaust camshaft timing, increased cross-section high-pressure injectors, 1.21NaN1 (value only valid for Audi S3(8P)) boost pressure K04 turbocharger with larger turbine and compression rotor (S3, Cupra, GTI Edition 30), of which some components are NOT shared with the lower output variants
references:Book: August 2005. The 2.0L FSI Turbocharged Engine – Design and Function. Course Number 821503. Self-Study Program. Auburn Hills, MI . Volkswagen of America, Inc..
Web site: Audi A3 Sportback – in depth. 19 July 2004. AUDI AG. WorldCarFans.com. 2 September 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130730113255/http://www.worldcarfans.com/104071910441/3. 30 July 2013.
awards
Was winner of the "1.8-litre 2.0-litre" category for four consecutive years in the 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 annual competition for International Engine of the Year,
Was placed for four consecutive years in the 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 annual list of Ward's 10 Best Engines
EA888 R3/R4
The EA888 engines are a family of three- and four-cylinder engines that are currently in use across the Volkswagen Group. An EA888 family is a corporate VAG designed unit that is an evolution of the earlier EA827/113 units. It features some of the latest engine technology such as direct fuel injection, sintered camshaft lobes, thin-walled engine block, variable valve timing and lift for intake and exhaust valves, downstream oxygen sensors, exhaust manifold integrated into the cylinder head, exhaust gas recirculation and cooling, distributors coil-on-plug ignition, lightweight engine internals, slide valve thermostat (some variants), and the addition of port fuel injection to aid low load fuel consumption and cold start emissions. The port fuel injection also aids in reducing the potential carbon deposits that can occur in direct-injected engines. As of 2024, the 'dual injection' system has not been offered in North American markets. Still, VAG has made numerous enhancements to their engine designs such as the positive crankcase ventilation, repositioning injectors and more to lessen the potential that carbon deposits accumulate on intake valves. Currently, the EA888 engine is available in two sizes: 1.8T and 2.0T. Engine output ranges from 1110NaN0 to over 2310NaN0. A concept car based on the Volkswagen Golf R, dubbed R400, produced 395 hp from 2 litres of displacement. Furthermore, the R400 would be able to accelerate from 0–100 km/h in just 3.8 seconds, thanks to a haldex 4-wheel drive system, and a 6 or 7-speed DSG gearbox. The EA888 engine family has also found its way into the Porsche lineup, specifically in the Macan models. The Macan uses a reworked version of the Volkswagen Group’s 2.0-litre inline-four EA888 Gen 3 engine. This engine is a variant of the EA888, producing 261 hp and 295 lb-ft. It’s paired with a Doppelkupplungsgetriebe, which means PDK (dual-clutch transmission) and is Porsche's version of the DSG found in VAG vehicles. The PDK transmission is essentially two gearboxes in one and features hydraulically actuated wet-clutch packs to lubricate the transmission parts. Depending on the gear, it alternates power to the engine via two separate driveshafts. This combination of the EA888 engine and PDK transmission in the Porsche Macan showcases the versatility of these technologies and their ability to enhance performance across different vehicle models within the Volkswagen Group.
This latest EA888 family of straight-four 16-valve internal combustion engines with variable valve timing is anticipated to be an eventual complete replacement of the EA113 range. It was wholly designed and developed by VAG AG. The only common feature with its predecessors is the sharing of the same 88mm cylinder spacing – which keeps the engine length relatively short, meaning it can be installed either transversely or longitudinally, though engineers have said that it is an evolution of the earlier EA827/113 designs due to cost concerns. Grey cast iron (GJL 250) remains the choice material for the cylinder block and crankcase, due to its inherent good acoustic dampening properties. This all-new EA888 range is notable for utilising simplex roller chains to drive the two overhead camshafts, instead of the former engines' toothed-rubber timing belt. Like the final developments of the former EA113 engine generation, all EA888s only use the VAG AG/Bosch Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) direct injection. Furthermore, EA888 engines are also able to utilise the corporate 'valvelift' technology, which complements the existing variable valve timing. This new family of engines is scheduled to be universally available for all markets on five continents, within all marques of the Volkswagen Group. The closely related EA113 range still remains in production.
Grainger & Worrall was reported to have cast 50 CGI cylinder blocks for over 12 months as of October 2013, based on the EA888 gasoline engine.[3]
1.8 R4 16v TSI/TFSI (EA888)
- identification: parts code prefix: 06H, 06J; ID codes: BYT
engine displacement & engine configuration: 1798cc EA888 inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore x stroke: 82.5x, stroke ratio: 0.98:1 – 'square engine', 449.6 cc per cylinder; compression ratio: 9.6:1, 88mm cylinder spacing
cylinder block & crankcase: GJL 250 grey cast iron; 33kg (73lb), die-forged steel crankshaft with five 58mm diameter main bearings, two toothed chain-driven counter-rotating balance shafts suppressing second degree free inertial forces and oil pump, horizontal-baffled oil sump
cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 16 valves total, low-friction roller finger cam followers with automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, toothed chain-driven double overhead camshaft (DOHC), continuous vane-adjustable variable intake valve timing
aspiration: hot-film air mass meter, cast alloy throttle body with electronically controlled Bosch E-Gas throttle valve, plastic variable length controlled intake manifold with charge movement flaps controlling combustion chamber air movement, BorgWarner K03 water-cooled turbocharger incorporated into cast iron exhaust manifold, sandwiched central front-mounted intercooler (FMIC)
fuel system: fully demand-controlled and returnless; – fuel tank–mounted low-pressure fuel pump; Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI): single-piston high-pressure injection pump driven by a four-lobe cam on the exhaust camshaft supplying up to 150-1NaN-1 fuel pressure in the stainless steel common rail fuel rail, four combustion chamber sited direct injection sequential solenoid-controlled six-hole fuel injectors, air-guided combustion process, multi-pulse dual-stage injection during the induction and compression stroke with homogeneous mixing, stratified lean-burn operation with excess air at part load, 95 RON unleaded ultra-low sulphur petrol
ignition system & engine management: centrally positioned longlife spark plugs, mapped direct ignition with four individual direct-acting single spark coils; Bosch Motronic MED electronic engine control unit (ECU), cylinder-selective knock control via two knock sensors, permanent lambda control
exhaust system: cast iron exhaust manifold (with integrated turbocharger), close-coupled and main catalytic converters – both ceramic
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes
88kW at 4,000–6,200 rpm; 2300NaN0 at 1,500–3,650rpm — longitudinal — Audi A4 (B8), SEAT Exeo
118kW at 4,500–6,200 rpm; 2500NaN0 at 1,500–4,500 rpm, 165Nm from 1,000 rpm — transversal — CDAAAudi A3 Mk2 (8P), Audi TT Mk2 (8J), Škoda Yeti, SEAT Leon Mk2 (1P)
112kW at 4,300–6,200 rpm; 2500NaN0 at 1,500–4,200 rpm, 165Nm from 1,000 rpm — transversal — CDAB Škoda Yeti 118kW at 4,500–6,200 rpm; 2500NaN0 at 1,500–4,500 rpm — longitudinal — Audi A4 (B8), SEAT Exeo — CDHB Audi A4 (B8)
125kW at 4,800–6,200 rpm; 2500NaN0 at 1,750–4,750 rpm — transverse — VW USA-Passat B7 (NMS) — CPKA, CPRA (born 2014)
125kW at 4,800–6,200 rpm; 2500NaN0 at 1,500–4,800 rpm — longitudinal — Audi A5
125kW at 3,800–6,200 rpm; 3200NaN0 at 1,400–3,700 rpm — longitudinal — Audi A4 (B8) (2012–), Audi A5 — CJEB
132kW at 5,100–6,200 rpm; 2500NaN0 at 1,250–5,000 rpm — transverse — Audi TT (FV/8S) (2014–) — CJSA (EA888-Gen3)
- applications: Audi TT Mk2 (8J), Audi 8P A3, Audi B7 A4, Audi A4 (B8), Audi A5, SEAT Leon Mk2 (1P), SEAT Altea XL, Škoda Yeti, Škoda Octavia Mk3 (5E), Škoda Superb Mk3 (3V), VW Jetta Mk5/Sagitar, VW Passat B8, VW Passat CC
references: of the German technical engine publication mtz, press release 11/2006: "Der neue Audi 1.8 TFSI-Motor"Owners Manual, Passat, U.S. Edition, Model Year 2015. p. 44.
Web site: Sporty Dynamism, Superb Comfort: The Audi 1.8 TFSI. AUDI AG – press release. 27 September 2006. AudiWorld.com. 4 September 2009.
Web site: Audi TT Roadster slims down for Summer . Audi UK . Audi.co.uk . 23 March 2009 . 4 January 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110519130825/http://www.audi.co.uk/about-audi/latest-news/audi-tt-roadster-slims-down-for-summer.html . 19 May 2011 .
Web site: SEAT Exeo with new engines. Auto-motor-und-sport.de. 3 May 2008. 5 May 2010.
Web site: Audi Unveils New 1.8 TFSI: 170 HP, 41 MPG. www.motorauthority.com. 4 August 2011. 8 August 2011.
Web site: Audi ETKA Engine Code. vag-codes.info. 3 August 2015. 4 February 2016.
2.0 R4 16v TSI/TFSI (EA888)
Manufacturing commenced March 2008.
- identification: parts code prefix: 06H, 06J; ID codes: CAEA, CAEB, CAWA, CAWB, CBFA, CCTA, CCTB, CCZA, CCZB, CCZC, CCZD, CDNB, CDNC, CHHA, CHHB, CJXA, CJXB, CJXC, CJXD, CJXE, CJXF, CJXG, CULA, CULC, CYFB, CZPA, DKFA
engine displacement & engine configuration: 1984cc EA888 inline-four engine (R4/I4); bore x stroke: 82.5x, stroke ratio: 0.89:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 496.1 cc per cylinder; compression ratio: 9.6:1 (10.3:1 A3 Cabrio 2009), 88mm cylinder spacing
cylinder block & crankcase: GJL 250 grey cast iron; 33kg (73lb), die-forged steel crankshaft with five 58mm diameter main bearings, two chain-driven counter-rotating balance shafts suppressing second degree free inertial forces and oil pump, horizontal-baffled oil sump. The water pump bolts to the side of the block, under the intake manifold, and is driven by a toothed belt and a pulley on the back of the intake-side balance shaft.
cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 16 valves total, low-friction roller finger cam followers with automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, toothed chain-driven double overhead camshaft (DOHC), continuous vane-adjustable variable intake valve timing, Audi variants have two-stage "valvelift" inlet valve lift variable control
aspiration: hot-film air mass meter, cast alloy throttle body with electronically controlled Bosch E-Gas throttle valve, plastic variable length controlled intake manifold with charge movement flaps controlling combustion chamber air movement, IHI water-cooled turbocharger incorporated in exhaust manifold, sandwiched central front-mounted intercooler (FMIC)
fuel system: fully demand-controlled and returnless; – fuel tank–mounted low-pressure fuel pump; Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI): single-piston high-pressure injection pump driven by a four-lobe cam on the exhaust camshaft supplying up to 190-1NaN-1 fuel pressure in the stainless steel common rail fuel rail, four combustion chamber sited direct injection sequential solenoid-controlled six-hole fuel injectors, air-guided combustion process, multi-pulse dual-stage injection during the induction and compression stroke with homogeneous mixing, stratified lean-burn operation with excess air at part load, 95 RON ultra-low sulphur unleaded petrol
ignition system & engine management: centrally positioned longlife spark plugs, mapped direct ignition with four individual direct-acting single spark coils; Bosch Motronic MED 17 electronic engine control unit (ECU), cylinder-selective knock control via two knock sensors, permanent lambda control
exhaust system: cast iron exhaust manifold (with integrated turbocharger), close-coupled and main catalytic converters – both ceramic
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs and applications – Non-valvelift variants
1250NaN0 at 4,300–6,000 rpm; 280Nm at 1,700–5,000 rpm — CAWA: VW Tiguan
1250NaN0 at 4,300–6,200 rpm; 280Nm at 1,700–4,200 rpm — CCZC: Audi Q3, engine is installed transversely, VW Tiguan
1320NaN0 at 4,500–6,200 rpm; 280Nm at 1,700–4,500 rpm — CCZD: VW Tiguan
1470NaN0 at 5,100–6,000 rpm; 280Nm at 1,800–5,000 rpm — CCTA/CBFA: 2009 VW Golf Mk5 GTI (US only), VW Golf Mk6 GTI (US only), Audi Q3 (US Only), VW Jetta Mk5, VW Jetta Mk6, VW Passat B6, VW CC, Audi A3 (8P)
1470NaN0 at 5,100–6,000 rpm; 280Nm at 1,700–5,000 rpm — CAWB: Audi A3 Cabriolet, VW Scirocco, VW Tiguan, CCZA: Audi TT, Škoda Superb Mk2 (3T), Škoda Octavia
1470NaN0 at 5,000–6,000 rpm; 280Nm at 1,800–5,000 rpm — CGMA: China market only; VW Golf Mk6 GTI, VW Tiguan, VW Magotan (Passat)
at 5,000–6,200 rpm; 300Nm at 1,800–4,900 rpm — CPSA: Audi Q3, engine is installed transversely
at 5,300–6,200 rpm; 280Nm at 1,700–5,200 rpm — CCZB: VW Golf Mk6 GTI, has larger front-mounted intercooler as found in 2010+ Audi S3/VW Mk6 Golf R CDL EA113, VW Scirocco, VW Passat, VW CC, VW Tiguan, SEAT Altea Freetrack, SEAT Leon FR
- DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs and applications – EA888 evo2 and EA888 Gen3 with Valvelift at exhaust side[4] .
at 4,200–6,000 rpm; 320Nm at 1,500–4,000 rpm — CAEA/CDNB: Audi A4 (B8), Audi Q5, Škoda Kodiaq CULA: VW Scirocco
at 4,300–6,000 rpm; 350Nm at 1,500–4,200 rpm — CAEA/CAEB/CDNC: Audi A4 (B8), Audi A5, Audi Q5, SEAT Exeo
at 4,300–6,000 rpm; 350Nm at 1,600–4,200 rpm — CESA: Audi TT Mk2 (8J), engine is installed transversely
1620NaN0 at 4,500–6,200 rpm; 350Nm at 1,500–4,400 rpm — CHHB: Audi A3, Skoda Superb, VW Golf Mk7 GTI, Škoda Octavia RS, VW Tiguan CULC: VW Scirocco GTS
1650NaN0 at 4,500–6,250 rpm; 350Nm at 1,500–4,500 rpm — CNCD: Porsche Macan, Audi Q5, Audi A4 (B8)
1650NaN0 at 4,500–6,250 rpm; 350Nm at 1,500–4,500 rpm — CUHA: China 5 emission standard Volkswagen Phideon, Audi A6L C7
1650NaN0 at 4,500–6,250 rpm; 350Nm at 1,650–4,500 rpm — DMJA: China 6b(PN 11 without RDE) emission standard, Volkswagen Phideon[5]
at 4,500–6,250 rpm; 350Nm at 1,650–4,500 rpm — DKWB: China 6b(PN 11 without RDE) emission standard, Audi A6L C8, Audi Q5L
at 4,500–6,250 rpm; 370Nm at 1,500–4,500 rpm — DKWA: China 6b(PN 11 without RDE) emission standard, Audi A4L, Audi Q5L
1690NaN0 at 4,700–6,200 rpm; 350Nm at 1,500–4,600 rpm — CHHA/DKFA: VW Golf Mk7 GTI Performance, Škoda Octavia RS230, VW Jetta Mk7 GLI
1800NaN0 at 4,700–6,200 rpm; 370Nm at 1,600–4,300 rpm — DLBA: Škoda Octavia RS245, VW Tiguan
1950NaN0 at 5,350–6,600 rpm; 350Nm at 1,750–5,300 rpm — CJXE: Volkswagen Golf MK7 GTI Clubsport, SEAT Leon Cupra, Audi Q5
2060NaN0 at 5,100–6,500 rpm; 380Nm at 1,800–5,500 rpm — CJXA/CJXB: SEAT Leon Cupra, Skoda Superb. (Audi S3 and VW Golf Mk7 R in some foreign markets)
2130NaN0 at 5,900–6,400 rpm; 350Nm at 1,700–5,800 rpm — CJXD: SEAT Leon Cupra
2150NaN0 at 5,400 rpm; 380Nm at 1,800 rpm — CYFB: VW Golf Mk7 R, Audi S3 in North America (lacks MPI)
2210NaN0 at 5,500–6,200 rpm; 380Nm at 1,800–5,500 rpm — CJXC/CJXA: Audi S3, VW Golf Mk7 R (Europe), SEAT Leon Cupra
2280NaN0
- 380Nm — CJXG: Audi TTS, VW Golf Mk7 R, SEAT Leon Cupra R
420 N⋅m (310 lbf⋅ft) — Evo4 - Golf Mk8 R (400 Nm in some markets)
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs and applications – EA888 Gen3 with Valvelift at intake side known as EA888 Gen3 Bz.[6]
1370NaN0 at 4,100–6,000 rpm; 320Nm at 1,600–4,000 rpm — DBFA: China 5 emission standard, Volkswagen Magotan
1370NaN0 at 4,100–6,000 rpm; 320Nm at 1,500–4,000 rpm — DKVA: China 6b(without PN 11) emission standard, Volkswagen Magotan
1370NaN0 at 4,100–6,000 rpm; 320Nm at 1,500–4,000 rpm — DPLA: China 6b(PN 11 without RDE) emission standard, Volkswagen Magotan
1400NaN0 at 4,200–6,000 rpm; 320Nm at 1,450–4,200 rpm — CWNA: China 5 emission standard Audi A4L
1400NaN0 at 4,200–6,000 rpm; 320Nm at 1,450–4,200 rpm — DKUA: China 6b(without PN 11) emission standard Audi A4L
1400NaN0 at 4,200–6,000 rpm; 320Nm at 1,450–4,200 rpm — DTAA: China 6b(PN 11 without RDE) emission standard Audi A4L
- reference
Web site: Audi adds 2.0 TFSI with Valvelift to A5 Coupé. PaulTan.org. 25 June 2008. 4 September 2009.
Web site: SEAT Exeo with new engines. Auto-motor-und-sport.de. 3 May 2008. 5 May 2010.
Web site: Volkswagen Magotan. autohome.com.cn. 22 July 2020.
Web site: Audi A4L. autohome.com.cn. 22 July 2020. awards
Winner of the "1.8-litre 2.0-litre" category in the 2009 annual competition for International Engine of the Year.
Known problems
The Generation 1 EA888 suffered from higher than usual / favorable engine oil consumption in both 1.8 and 2.0 litre forms. Mainly affecting the Longitudinal Audi applications between 2008 and 2012 (most commonly the 8K / B8 A4 8T / 8F B8 A5 & 8R Q5). In rare occurrences it affects the Transverse applications in the 8P Audi A3, 8J Audi TT and in even rarer occasions would affect the MK6 Volkswagen Golf GTI and lower powered Sciroccos etc. that were not fitted with the EA113 family of engines. In even more extreme cases it would affect the Generation 3 from 2016 to present day. The rectification for this is performed after a two part oil consumption test is carried out by a main dealer, The vehicle will need to be burning more than approximately a metric litre per 1,000 KM or 600 miles, or if the top up oil warning illuminates on the instrument cluster. Only after this test is carried out and an agreement of payment by the manufacturer & customer contribution is agreed the repair can be carried out only by main dealers and manufacturer approved repairers. The rectification that is carried out is to remove the engine, replace the Piston & Connecting Rod assemblies in all four cylinders with modified units, head gasket and so forth. From late 2012, the modified internal engine components were fitted to new replacement engines and new vehicle units by the Volkswagen group engine plants.
Another common issue is camshaft timing chain tensioner failure, again in earlier generation 1 models. This was due to the design of the retaining element that after higher mileages and / or premature wear stopped the tensioner from holding the tension in the timing chain. If in the case of this component failing, the chain would jump, allowing the pistons and valves to potentially hit each other, causing expensive and possibly terminal engine damage. Along with the earlier mentioned oil consumption issues, this was eventually addressed by the Volkswagen Group engine plants, Who fitted a modified (internally known as Version 2) tensioner that is retained by a much more reliable spring retainer instead.
The final mainstream common issue affects all EA888 generations. The cooling system is mainly a problem free system, with the exception of the plastic thermostat unit, these are very commonly known to be prone to leaks, with no specific part of the housing known to leak. On the EA888, the thermostat unit also includes the coolant pump, on the Generation 2 & 3 the coolant pump is still part of the thermostat, however is available separately. The coolant pump / thermostat unit is located under the intake manifold regardless of generation, model year or application. The thermostat side is joined by a plastic union directly to the engine oil cooler, which in turn is mounted to and is an integral part of the ancillary / alternator bracket (also includes the oil filter housing in all generations and applications). The coolant pump is driven by the intake side balance shaft, on the flywheel side of the engine. The rectification is to renew the thermostat unit with a modified unit, and if needed in later models, the coolant pump if necessary. However these newer units are still known to leak. There have currently been no further modifications to the design of this to combat the issues by Volkswagen Group.
The MQB platform suffers from early turbocharger failure. This affects models like the Audi S3, Golf 7 R/GTI and the Seat Cupra models. More so: models built prior to 2015 are more prone to failure. This can be caused because there is shaft play due to an imbalanced input shaft which can cause the turbine to collide with the teflon coating of the turbocharger, or because of the manifold sealing surface.
= List of turbos[8]
=IHI IS20 - Transverse - Mid output engines, like 2.0T A3
- 06K 145 702 K
- 06K 145 702 Q
- 06K 145 702 R
- 06K 145 702 T
- 06K 145 722 G
- 06K 145 722 K
- 06K 145 722 L
IHI IS20 - Longitudinal - Mid output engines, like 2.0T A4
- 06L 145 702
- 06L 145 702 D
- 06L 145 702 F
- 06L 145 702 M
- 06L 145 702 P
- 06L 145 702 Q
- 06L 145 702 R
- 06L 145 722 B
- 06L 145 722 C
- 06L 145 722 D
- 06L 145 722 E
- 06L 145 722 F
- 06L 145 722 G
- 06L 145 722 L
- 06L 145 722 M
IHI IS38 - Transverse - High output engine, like 2.0T S3, Golf R
- 06K 145 702 J
- 06K 145 702 M
- 06K 145 702 N
- 06K 145 722 A
- 06K 145 722 H
- 06K 145 722 N
- 06K 145 722 P
- 06K 145 722 S
- 06K 145 722 T
- 06K 145 874 F
- 06K 145 874 N
Waterpump/thermostat[9]
EA855 R5
An all-new engine designed by AUDI AGs high-performance subsidiary Audi Sport GmbH (formerly quattro GmbH), harking back to the original turbocharged five cylinder Audi engines in the "Ur-" Audi Quattro of the 1980s. A world first for a petrol engine, its cylinder block is constructed from compacted vermicular graphite cast iron (GJV/CGI) – first used in Audi's large displacement, high-performance Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel engines.
- identification: parts code prefix/variant: 07K3; ID code: CEPA, CEPB, CTSA, CZGA, CZGB, DAZA, DNWA
engine displacement & engine configuration: 2480cc inline five engine (R5/I5); bore x stroke: 82.5x, stroke ratio: 0.89:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 496.1 cc per cylinder; 88mm cylinder spacing, 144 degree firing interval, firing order: 1-2-4-5-3, compression ratio: 10.0:1
cylinder block & crankcase: GJV-450 compacted vermicular graphite cast iron (GJV/CGI); six main bearings, two-part cast aluminium alloy horizontal-baffled oil sump, simplex roller chain-driven oil pump, die-forged steel crankshaft, forged steel connecting rods, cast aluminium alloy pistons (weight, each, including rings and gudgeon pin: 492g)
cylinder head & valvetrain: cast high hot-strength aluminium alloy, modified inlet duct geometry for high tumble values providing superior knock resistance, four valves per cylinder (exhaust valves sodium filled for increased cooling), 20 valves total, low-friction roller finger cam followers with automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, simplex roller chain-driven (relay method) lightweight double overhead camshafts (DOHC), variable valve timing with continuous adjusting intake and exhaust camshaft timing of up to 42 degrees from the crankshaft, two-stage 'valvelift' variable lift control for inlet valves, siamesed inlet ports, Audi "RS" 'red' plastic cam cover
aspiration: twin charge pressure sensors; one pre-throttle plate, one intake manifold mounted, no air flow meter, cast alloy throttle body with electronically controlled throttle valve, two piece intake manifold with charge movement flaps adjusted by a continuous-action pilot motor, water-cooled turbocharger incorporated in exhaust manifold with 64mm diameter outlet, generating up to 1.21NaN1 boost, separated central lower front-mounted intercooler (FMIC)
fuel system: fully demand-controlled and returnless: fuel tank-mounted low-pressure fuel lift pump; Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI): single-piston high-pressure injection pump supplying up to 122-1NaN-1 fuel pressure in the stainless steel common rail fuel rail, five combustion chamber sited direct injection sequential solenoid-controlled fuel injectors, air-guided combustion process, multi-pulse injection with homogeneous mixing, stratified lean-burn operation with excess air at part load, ultra-low sulfur unleaded petrol (ULSP)
ignition system & engine management: Beru longlife spark plugs centrally positioned in combustion chamber, mapped direct ignition with five individual direct-acting single spark coils; Bosch Motronic MED electronic engine control unit (ECU), cylinder-selective knock control via two knock sensors, permanent lambda control
exhaust system: secondary air injection pump for direct injection into exhaust ports to assist cold start operation, cast iron exhaust manifold (with integrated turbocharger), one primary and two secondary high-flow sports catalytic converters, two heated oxygen sensors monitoring pre- and post-primary catalyst exhaust gases (secondary catalysts unmonitored), vacuum-operated map-controlled flap-valve mounted in one rear exhaust silencer tail pipe
dimensions: length: 494mm, mass: 185kg (408lb)
DIN-rated motive power & torque output: 2280NaN0 at 5,400–6,500 rpm (specific power of 91.21NaN1 per litre); 465Nm at 1,600–5,300 rpm; redline: 7,100 rpm – RS Q3
2500NaN0 at 5,400–6,500 rpm (specific power of 100.81NaN1 per litre); 450Nm at 1,600–5,300 rpm; redline: 7,100 rpm – RS 3, TT RS, RS Q3 (facelift)
2650NaN0 at 5,400–6,500 rpm (specific power of 1061NaN1 per litre); 465Nm at 1,600–5,300 rpm; redline: 7,100 rpm – TT RS plus
270kW at 5,400–6,500 rpm (specific power of 1081NaN1 per litre); 465Nm at 1,600–5,300 rpm; redline: 7,100 rpm – RS Q3 performance, RS 3 (2015–)
2940NaN0 at 5,400–6,500 rpm; (specific power of 117.61NaN1 per litre); 480Nm at 1,600–5,300 rpm; redline: 7,100 rpm – TT RS, RS 3 (2017–), RS Q3 (2019–)
- application:Audi quattro concept (2010), Audi RS3 (2010–2013), Audi TT RS (07/2009 –>), Audi RS Q3 (2013 ->), Audi RS3 (2015 ->), KTM X-Bow GTX (2020 ->), KTM X-Bow GT2 Concept (2020 ->), Cupra Formentor (2021->)
references: Web site: Potent new Audi TT RS takes five in Geneva . Audi UK . Audi.co.uk . 3 March 2009 . 4 January 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110519130955/http://www.audi.co.uk/about-audi/latest-news/potent-new-audi-tt-rs-takes-five-in-geneva.html . 19 May 2011 .
Web site: Audi TT RS World Debut in Geneva. 3 March 2009. AUDI AG. WorldCarFans.com. 2 September 2009.
Web site: Audi TT RS in Depth – priced at 55,800 euros. 29 May 2009. AUDI AG. WorldCarFans.com. 2 September 2009.
awards
was winner of the "2.0-litre 2.5-litre" category in the 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 annual competition for International Engine of the Year.
EA390 VR6
This 2.5 VR6 engine is only available for Chinese market on Volkswagen Teramont and Talagon. It is derived from now retired 3.0 VR6 engine, which also was available in China only.
- identification: parts code prefix: 03H, ID Code: DDKA, DPKA
engine displacement & engine configuration: 2492cc 10.6° VR6; bore x stroke: 81x, stroke ratio: 1:1 – square-stroke, 415.3 cc per cylinder, compression ratio is not disclosed at the moment.
cylinder block & crankcase: grey cast iron; die-forged steel crankshaft;
cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four unequal-length valves per cylinder, 24 valves total, low-friction roller finger cam followers with automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, simplex roller chain-driven double overhead camshaft (DOHC – one camshaft for all exhaust valves, and one for all intake valves), continuous timing adjustment variable valve timing (52 degrees on the inlet, 22 degrees on the exhaust)
aspiration: single turbo charger from MHI (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries), hot-film air mass meter, electronic drive by wire throttle valve, two-piece cast aluminium alloy intake manifold, two cast iron exhaust manifolds
fuel system: Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) high-pressure direct injection with two common rails. DPKA variant has six additional Multipoint Injection (MPI) valves.
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes
2200NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 500Nm at 2,750-3,500 rpm - DDKA, DPKA
- production: Volkswagen Salzgitter Plant
applications
DDKA: Volkswagen Teramont, Chinese market only, China 5 emission standard.[10]
DPKA: Volkswagen Teramont X, Volkswagen Teramont, Chinese market only, China 6b(stage of PN11 without RDE) emission standard.EA839 V6
EA839 is a family of turbocharged 90 degrees V6 spark ignition engines. It includes iron cylinder liners, balancer shaft located within the vee, maximum compression ratio of 11.2:1, bore and stroke of 84.5x.[11]
The base engine is the 2600NaN0 3.0 TFSI with a twin-scroll turbo, available on Audi S4/S5/SQ5 models. A slightly detuned version (2500NaN0) with 48V mild hybrid system is available on various Audi models such as the A6, A7, A8, Q7 and Q8. The 2.9 TFSI engine is a twin-turbo charged high performance variant with shorter stroke. Petrol versions of S6 and S7 (C8), like their diesel powered counter parts, feature an electric supercharger powered by the 48V mild hybrid system in their 2.9 TFSI engines.
- identification: parts code prefix:???, ID codes: CWGD, CZSE/DR, DECA, DKMB
engine displacement & engine configuration
3.0 TFSI variant: 2995cc 90° V6; bore x stroke: 84.5x, stroke ratio: 0.94:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, compression ratio: 11.2:1
2.9 TFSI variant: 2894cc 90° V6; bore x stroke: 84.5x, stroke ratio: 0.98:1 - undersquare/long-stroke, compression ratio: 10.0:1 to 10.5:1 depending on models
- cylinder block & crankcase: sand-cast Alusil aluminium-silicon alloy; atmospheric plasma sprayed coating on cylinder walls
cylinder head & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 24 valves total, DOHC, continuous timing adjustment on both intake and exhaust camshaft(from 130 degrees up to 180 degrees), 2-stage(6mm and 10mm) Audi Valvelift System(AVS) on the intake sides
aspiration
all variants feature both Otto and Miller cycles, achieved from valve timing; hot-film air mass meter; electronic drive by wire throttle valve; exhaust manifold integrated into cylinder head; hot-V configuration
3.0 TFSI: twin-scroll single-turbo charged
2.9 TFSI: twin-turbo charged
- fuel system: common rail Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) high-pressure direct injection
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes
3.0 TFSI variants
2430NaN0 at 5,400-6,400 rpm; 450Nm at 1,340-4,900 rpm - unknown/Porsche variant
2500NaN0 at 5,000-6,400 rpm; 500Nm at 1,370-4,500 rpm - CZSE(2017–2018)/DR(2019–)
2600NaN0 at 5,400-6,400 rpm; 500Nm at 1,370-4,500 rpm - CWGD
- 2.9 TFSI variants
2430NaN0 at 5,250-6,500 rpm; 450Nm at 1,750-5,000 rpm - unknown/Porsche variant
3240NaN0 at 5,650-6,600 rpm; 550Nm at 1,750-5,500 rpm - unknown/Porsche variant
3310NaN0 at 5,700-6,700 rpm; 600Nm at 1,900-5,000 rpm - DECA, DKMB
- production: Audi Hungaria Zrt. in Győr
applications
3.0 TFSI(2430NaN0): Porsche Panamera/Panamera 4 (2nd gen)
2.9 TFSI(2430NaN0): Porsche Panamera 4 E-Hybrid (2nd gen)
CZSE/DR: Audi A6 (C8), Audi A7 (C8/4K8), Audi A8 (D5), Audi Q8, Porsche Cayenne/Cayenne E-Hybrid (3rd gen), Volkswagen Touareg (3rd gen)
CWGD: Audi S4 (B9, B9.5 excluding European models), Audi S5 (B9/F5, B9.5 excluding European models), Audi SQ5 (FY, excluding European facelited models)
2.9 TFSI(3240NaN0): Porsche Panemera 4S (2nd gen), Porsche Cayenne S (3rd gen)
DECA: Audi RS4 (B9), Audi RS5 (B9/F5)
DKMB: Audi S6 (C8, excluding European models), Audi S7 (C8/4K8, excluding European models)
- references
audi.de
Book: Audi 3.0l V6 TFSI engine of the EA839 series . . Self Study Programme 655.
porsche.com
volkswagen.deEA825 V8
EA824 and EA825 are families of twin turbo 90 degrees V8 spark ignition engines. Audi uses the EA824, while Porsche uses EA825 for Panamera Turbo.[12] Bentley uses this for the Bentayga V8. EA825 uses two twin-scroll turbochargers, iron coating on the cylinder linings, 2500NaN0 fuel injector at centre of combustion chamber, cylinder deactivation at 950-3500rpm with a 2500NaN0 torque limit.[13]
Of their eight-cylinder petrol engines, all Volkswagen Group V8 engines are primarily constructed from a lightweight cast aluminium alloy cylinder block (crankcase) and cylinder heads. They all use multi-valve technology, with the valves being operated by two overhead camshafts per cylinder bank (sometimes referred to as 'quad cam'). All functions of engine control are carried out by varying types of Robert Bosch GmbH Motronic electronic engine control units.
These V8 petrol engines initially were only used in cars bearing the Audi marque, but are now also installed in Volkswagen Passenger Cars 'premium models'. They are all longitudinally orientated, and with the exception of the Audi R8, are front-mounted.
This engine is part of Audi's modular 90° V6/V8 engine family. It shares its bore and stroke, 90° V-angle, and 90mm cylinder spacing with the Audi V6. The earlier V6 engines (EA837) used an Eaton TVS Supercharger instead of turbocharger(s). In 2016, Audi and Porsche released a new turbocharged V6 engine they dubbed EA839. These 2.9L (biturbo) & 3.0L (single turbo) V6 engines share the 4.0T TFSI V8's "hot vee" design, meaning the turbo(s) are placed in the Vee of the engine (between each bank of cylinders) instead of on the outside of each cylinder bank. This allows the turbocharger(s) to produce boost pressure more quickly as the path the exhaust gases travel is much reduced. It also aids in getting the engine's emissions hardware up to temperature more quickly. As with the V6, the V8 is used in various Audi and Porsche models, but the V8 also finds use in Bentley and Lamborghini vehicles.
- engine displacement & engine configuration: 3993cc 90° V8 engine; 90mm cylinder spacing; bore x stroke: 84.5x, stroke ratio: 0.95:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 499.1 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 10.5:1
fuel system; Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI): Central-Overhead Injectors
exhaust system: two twin-scroll turbo chargers and twin air- and water-cooled intercoolers
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID codes, applications
3090NaN0 at 5,500 rpm; 550Nm from 1,400 rpm to 5,400 rpm— CEUC: Audi S6 C7, S7, CEUA: A8 D4
3200NaN0 at 5,800 rpm; 600Nm from 1,400 rpm to 5,300 rpm— CTGA: A8 D4, A8 D5
4450NaN0 at 6,200 rpm; 700Nm from 1,700 rpm to 5,500 rpm— DDTA: Audi S8 D4 (overboost to 750 Nm), CWUC: Audi RS7 performance(C7), Audi RS6 performance (C7)
4120NaN0 at 5,700 rpm; 700Nm from 1,750 rpm to 5,500 rpm— CRDB, CWUB: Audi RS6 C7 and RS7 C7
3380NaN0 at 5,500 rpm; 620Nm from 1,800 rpm to 4,500 rpm— CXYA: A8 D5, Porsche Panamera GTS
3530NaN0 at 5,500 rpm; 620Nm from 1,800 rpm to 4,500 rpm in Porsche Panamera GTS (Facelifted)
3730NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 660Nm from 1,700 rpm to 5,400 rpm in Bentley Continental GT V8 and Flying Spur V8
3880NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 680Nm at 1,750 rpm to 5,500 rpm in Bentley Continental GT V8 S
3730NaN0 at 5,500 rpm; 770Nm from 2,000 rpm to 4,000 rpm in Audi SQ7 and SQ8
4050NaN0 from 5,750 rpm to 6,000 rpm; 770Nm from 1,960 rpm to 4,500 rpm in Porsche Panamera Turbo, Turbo S E-Hybrid, Bentley Continental GT V8 (2019–) and Flying Spur (2019-)
4200NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 800Nm from 2,050 rpm to 4,500 rpm in Audi S8 D5
4200NaN0 from 5,750 rpm to 6,000 rpm; 770Nm from 1,960 rpm to 4,500 rpm in Porsche Panamera Turbo S E-Hybrid (Facelifted)
4410NaN0 from 6,000 rpm to 6,250 rpm; 800Nm from 2,050 rpm to 4,500 rpm in Audi RS6 C8 and RS7 C8
4410NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 800Nm from 2,200 rpm to 4,500 rpm in Audi RS Q8
4630NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 850Nm from 2,300 rpm to 4,500 rpm in Audi RS6 Avant performance (C8) and RS7 performance (C8)
4630NaN0 from 5,750 rpm to 6,000 rpm; 820Nm from 1,960 rpm to 4,500 rpm in Porsche Panamera Turbo S
4780NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 850Nm in Lamborghini Urus
4710NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 850Nm in Porsche Cayenne Coupé Turbo GTAudi version of the engine includes electronic monitoring of the oil level, while Bentley engine includes a dipstick for oil check. In addition, the Bentley engine uses switchable hydraulic mounts instead of Audi's active electrohydraulic engine mounts.
V10
See also: Lamborghini V10. This is the second Lamborghini engine developed by AUDI AG, who became owners of Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. following the takeover of Lamborghini by the German Volkswagen Group. It is a development of Audi's fundamentally identical 5.2 V10 40v FSI engine as used in the Audi C6 S6 and Audi D3 S8. This variant has been de-tuned for the Audi R8 V10.
- identification: parts code prefix: 07L.Y
engine displacement & engine configuration: 5204cc 90° V10 engine; bore x stroke: 84.5x, stroke ratio: 0.91:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 520.4 cc per cylinder; compression ratio: 12.5:1; dry sump lubrication system
cylinder block & crankcase: cast aluminium alloy; 90mm cylinder bore spacing; die-forged steel crankshaft with shared crankpins (creating an uneven firing interval of either 54 deg or 90 deg separation)
cylinder heads & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 40 valves total, low-friction roller finger cam followers with automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, chain driven double overhead camshafts, continuously variable valve timing system both for intake and exhaust
aspiration: two air filters, two hot-film air mass meters, two cast alloy throttle bodies each with electronically controlled throttle valves, cast magnesium alloy variable geometry and resonance intake manifold
fuel system: fully demand-controlled and returnless; fuel tank–mounted low-pressure fuel pump, Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI): two inlet camshaft double-cam driven single-piston high-pressure injection pumps maintaining pressure in the two stainless steel common rail fuel distributor rails, ten combustion chamber sited direct injection solenoid-controlled sequential fuel injectors
ignition system & engine management: mapped direct ignition with centrally mounted spark plugs and ten individual direct-acting single spark coils; two Bosch Motronic MED 9.1 or Lamborghini LIE electronic engine control units (ECUs) working on the 'master and slave' concept due to the high revving nature of the engine
exhaust system: 2-1-2 branch exhaust manifold per cylinder bank to minimise reverse pulsation of expelled exhaust gases
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs, ID,
applications
Audi — BUJ: 3860NaN0 at 8,000 rpm; 530Nm at 6,500 rpm — Audi R8 V10 (04/09-07/15)
LP550: 4050NaN0 at 8,000 rpm; 540Nm at 6,500 rpm — Lamborghini Gallardo LP 550-2
LP560: 4120NaN0 at 8,000 rpm; 540Nm at 6,500 rpm — Lamborghini Gallardo LP 560-4
LP570: 4190NaN0 at 8,000 rpm; 540Nm at 6,500 rpm — Lamborghini Gallardo LP 570-4 Superleggera, Spyder Performante, Super Trofeo, Squadra Corse
LP580: 4270NaN0 at 8,000 rpm; 533Nm at 6,500 rpm — Lamborghini Huracán LP 580-2
LP610: 4490NaN0 at 8,250 rpm; 560Nm at 6,500 rpm — Lamborghini Huracán LP 610-4, EVO RWD, Audi R8 V10 Plus
LP640: 4710NaN0 at 8,000 rpm; 601Nm, 565Nm for STO and Tecnica, at 6,500 rpm — Lamborghini Huracán LP 640-4 Performante, EVO, STO, Tecnica
- references: Web site: Lamborghini Gallardo LP560-4 – New Gallardo V10 bends design rules – Secrets behind Lamborghini's latest projectile, the LP560-4. Dennis Publishing. evo.co.uk. 7 March 2008. 30 August 2009.
Web site: 2012 Lamborghini Gallardo LP 570-4 Spyder Performante . topspeed.com. 7 November 2011 . 14 November 2014.
Web site: 2010 Lamborghini Gallardo LP570-4 Superleggera . supercars.net . 14 November 2014.
Web site: Lamborghini gives Gallardo bigger engine, new name . Crain Communications . AutoWeek.com . 26 February 2008 . 9 January 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110628221752/http://www.autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20080226%2FFREE%2F451382952%2F1611%2FFREE . 28 June 2011 . dead .
News: Automobil Revue. catalogue edition 2008, p.316 and 2006, p.285.
Web site: The Lamborghini Huracan LP610-4 Is The Most Advanced Lambo Ever. Jalopnik. jalopnik.com. 20 December 2013. 13 January 2015.
WR12
This W12 badged W12 engine is a twelve cylinder W engine of four rows of three cylinders, formed by joining two imaginary 15° VR6 engine cylinder blocks, placed on a single crankshaft, with each cylinder 'double-bank' now at a 72° angle. This specific configuration is more appropriately described as a WR12 engine.
This Volkswagen Group engine is also used with slight modification, and with the addition of two turbochargers in the Bentley Continental GT and Bentley Flying Spur. It has also been used in a 600hp form aboard the Volkswagen W12 prototype sports car to establish a 24-hour record of 323km/h in 2002 at the Nardò Ring in Italy.
The WR12 will be discontinued in April 2024.[14]
- identification: parts code prefix: 07C
engine displacement & engine configuration: 5998cc 72° W12 engine; bore x stroke: 84x, stroke ratio: 0.93:1 – undersquare/long-stroke, 499.9 cc per cylinder, compression ratio: 10.7:1
cylinder block & crankcase: homogeneous monoblock low-pressure chill die cast hypereutectic 'Alusil' aluminium-silicon alloy (AlSi17Cu4Mg); torsionally stiff aluminium alloy crankcase with high-resistance cylinder liners, simplex roller chain driven oil pump; die-forged steel 21.2 kg crankshaft, seven main bearings, crankpins offset to achieve a constant firing order as on a V6 engine
cylinder heads & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 48 valves total, low-friction roller finger cam followers with automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, double overhead camshaft driven from the flywheel side via a two-stage chain drive utilising three 3/8" simplex roller chains, continuous vane-adjustable variable valve timing for intake and exhaust camshafts with up to 52 degrees timing range for the flow-optimised inlet ports, 22 degrees on the exhaust camshafts
aspiration: two air filters, two hot-film air mass meters, two throttle bodies each with electronically controlled Bosch 'E-Gas' throttle valves, four-part two-channel cast magnesium alloy intake manifold; Bentley versions also use twin-turbos – one turbocharger per VR cylinder bank
fuel system, ignition system, engine management: two linked common rail fuel distributor rails, multi-point electronic sequential indirect fuel injection with twelve intake manifold-sited fuel injectors; centrally positioned NGK longlife spark plugs, mapped direct ignition with 12 individual direct-acting single spark coils; Bosch Motronic ME 7.1.1 electronic engine control unit (ECU), cylinder-selective knock control via four knock sensors, permanent lambda control, water-cooled alternator
exhaust system: two vacuum-controlled secondary air injection pumps for direct injection into exhaust ports to assist cold start operation, four exhaust manifolds with four integrated ceramic catalytic converters, eight heated oxygen sensors monitoring pre- and post catalyst exhaust gases
dimensions: length: 513mm, height: 715mm, width: 710mm then 690mm
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs – Audi / Volkswagen, ID codes
3090NaN0
- 550Nm — Audi A8: AZC (01/01-09/02), VW Phaeton: BAN (04/02-05/05)
3310NaN0 at 6,200 rpm, 580Nm at 4,000 rpm, 560Nm at 2,300–5,300 rpm — Audi A8: BHT, BSB, BTE (12/03-07/10)
3310NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 560Nm at 2,750–5,000 rpm — Phaeton: BRN, BTT (05/05-03/16)
3310NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 600Nm at 3,300 rpm — Touareg: BJN, CFRA (08/04-05/10)
- DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs – Bentley twin turbo
4120NaN0 at 6,100 rpm; 650Nm at 1,600–6,100 rpm — standard models: BWR, BEB, MTBHT
4490NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 750Nm at 1,700–5,600 rpm — "Speed" models: CKHC, BWRA
- applications: Audi A8 (AZC: 03/01-09/02, BHT: 02/04-, BSB: 10/04-, BTE: 02/05-), Volkswagen Phaeton (BAN: 05/02-05/05, BRN: 05/05-10/08, BTT: 05/05-10/08), Volkswagen Touareg sport (BJN: 08/04-, CFRA: 02/08-), Bentley Continental GT, Bentley Flying Spur, Bentley Bentayga
references:Web site: Volkswagen Phaeton – in depth. 1 March 2002. Volkswagen AG. WorldCarFans.com. 26 August 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130423020413/http://www.worldcarfans.com/102030111810/3. 23 April 2013.
Web site: KS Aluminium-Technologie: engine blocks for the new Audi A6. Rheinmetall AG. Rheinmetall.de. August 2004. 27 January 2010. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20121005102750/http://www.rheinmetall.de/de/rheinmetall_ag/error.php. 5 October 2012.
Web site: Audi A8L details. 12 January 2004. Audi of America. WorldCarFans.com. 26 August 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130730103426/http://www.worldcarfans.com/104011211032/3. 30 July 2013.
Web site: Continental Flying Spur specification. Bentley Motors Limited. BentleyMotors.com. 2 September 2009.
Web site: Continental Flying Spur Speed specification. Bentley Motors Limited. BentleyMotors.com. 2 September 2009.
6.0 WR12 48v TFSI
This engine produces 4300NaN0 of power and 800Nm of torque. It would mostly share the same technical specifications with its turbocharged 6.0-liter predecessor, other than the fact that it was modified to meet new WLTP emission standards. This new engine was promised to be made available on the fourth generation A8, following S8 and 60 TFSI/TDI models. However, as of August 2020, only examples of the W12 variant were press cars. It is rumoured that the W12 variant is only available as special orders in selected European dealerships.
- reference:Web site: 2018 A8 W12. .
6.3 WR12 48v FSI (CEJA)
This engine produces 5000NaN0 of power and 625Nm of torque. This new engine was promised to be made available on the 3rd generation A8 More compact dimensions than a comparable V8 engine FSI direct injection with twin high-pressure fuel pumps, twin fuel rails and six-port high pressure injectors.
- applications:
A8 L W12 6.3 FSI quattro (CEJA)L539 V12 (Lamborghini)
This V12 engine is developed specifically for Lamborghini. The company's fourth in-house engine and their first new V12 since its founding, it made its first appearance in the Lamborghini Aventador.
- engine configuration: 60° V12 engine; dry sump lubrication system
engine displacement etc.
6.5: 6498cc; bore x stroke: 95x, compression ratio: 11.8:1
- cylinder block & crankcase: cast aluminium alloy
cylinder heads & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 48 valves total, double overhead camshaft
aspiration: two air filters, four cast alloy throttle bodies each with Magneti Marelli electronically controlled throttle valves, cast magnesium alloy intake manifold
fuel system & ignition system: two linked common rail fuel distributor rails, multi-point electronic sequential indirect fuel injection with twelve intake manifold-sited fuel injectors; centrally positioned spark plugs, mapped direct ignition with 12 individual direct-acting single spark coils
exhaust system: two 3-branch exhaust manifolds per cylinder bank, connected to dual-inlet catalytic converters, heated oxygen (lambda) sensors monitoring pre- and post-catalyst exhaust gases
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs
LP 700: 5150NaN0 at 8,250 rpm; and 690Nm at 5,500 rpm
LP 720: 5300NaN0 at 8,250 rpm; and 690Nm at 5,500 rpm
LP 740: 5440NaN0 at 8,400 rpm; and 690Nm at 5,500 rpm
LP 750: 5520NaN0 at 8,400 rpm; and 690Nm at 5,500 rpm
LP 770: 5660NaN0 at 8,500 rpm; and 720Nm at 6,750 rpm
LP 780: 5740NaN0 at 8,500 rpm; and 720Nm at 6,750 rpm
- applications:
Lamborghini Aventador LP 700-4 (2011–)
Lamborghini Aventador LP 720-4 50th Anniversario (2013–)
Lamborghini Veneno LP 750-4 (2013–2014)
Lamborghini Centenario LP 770-4 (2016–2017)
- reference: Web site: Lamborghini Aventador Technical Specifications. Lamborghini. 6 November 2014. 29 July 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160729090521/http://www.lamborghini.com/en/models/aventador-lp-700-4/technical-specifications. dead.
Web site: Lamborghini Aventador 50th Anniversario Technical Specifications. Lamborghini. 13 January 2015. 8 February 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150208032249/http://www.lamborghini.com/en/models/aventador-lp720-4-50-anniversario/technical-specifications/. dead.
Web site: Lamborghini Veneno Roadster Technical Specifications. Lamborghini. 13 January 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150210093033/http://www.lamborghini.com/en/models/veneno-roadster/technical-specifications. 10 February 2015. dead.
WR16 (Bugatti)
See main article: Bugatti W16 engine. This W16 badged engine is the first and so far the only production W16 engine in the world. It is a sixteen-cylinder WR engine, of four rows of four cylinders, and is created by joining two VR8-engine 15° cylinder banks at the crankcase, and placed on a single crankshaft, with each cylinder 'double-bank' now at a 90° V-angle. This specific configuration method means it is more appropriately described as a WR16 engine rather than W16.
The WR16 engine will be discontinued after the production run of the Bugatti Mistral
- engine displacement & engine configuration: 7993cc 90° W16 engine; bore x stroke: 86x, stroke ratio: 1.00:1 – 'square engine', 499.56 cc per cylinder
cylinder block & crankcase: forged aluminium alloy; plasma-coated cylinder bores, dry sump lubrication system featuring an eight-stage aluminium-geared oil pump, die-forged steel crankshaft, lightweight titanium connecting rods
cylinder heads & valvetrain: cast aluminium alloy; four valves per cylinder, 64 valves total, low-friction roller finger cam followers with automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, double overhead camshaft
engine cooling: two separate water cooling circuits: one of 40L capacity utilising three front-mounted radiators, the second of 15L for cooling the charged induction air in the two intercoolers
aspiration: lightweight cast magnesium alloy intake manifold with twin 'drive by wire' electronically controlled throttle valves in separate throttle bodies, four parallel turbochargers with integrated excess pressure regulation valves, two water-cooled top-mounted intercoolers
fuel system, ignition system & engine management: two linked common rail fuel distributor rails, multi-point electronic sequential indirect fuel injection with sixteen intake manifold-sited fuel injectors; mapped direct ignition with 16 individual direct-acting single spark coils; two digital electronic engine control units (ECUs), ion-current knock control and misfire cylinder-selective detection system
dimensions & mass: length: 710mm, mass: ˜400kg (900lb)
DIN-rated motive power & torque outputs
7360NaN0 at 6,000 rpm; 1250Nm at 2,200–5,500 rpm; achieving a top speed of 406km/h
8820NaN0; 1500Nm – in the Bugatti Veyron Super Sport; achieving a top speed of 430km/h
- application
- references:Web site: Photograph of the Bugatti W16 cylinder block. jpg image. 30 December 2009.
Web site: 2006 Bugatti Veyron W16 Engine. Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.. SuperCarNews.net. 30 December 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20080615205644/http://www.supercarnews.net/2006-bugatti-veyron-w16-engine. 15 June 2008.
Web site: Bugatti Veyron 16.4 powerplant. Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S.. WorldCarFans.com. 2 February 2006. 25 August 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20130730100019/http://www.worldcarfans.com/10602027900/bugatti-veyron-16.4-powerplant. 30 July 2013.
Web site: Bugatti Veyron 16.4 Super Sport revealed. Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S. WorldCarFans.com. 19 December 2010.
Petrol engines data table
The following table contains a very brief selection of current and historical Volkswagen Group spark-ignition petrol engines for comparison of performance and operating characteristics:
engine model | engine disp.: (cc) | engine config. | valvetrain | max. power: kW (PS) | rpm for max. power | torque at max. power: Nm | max. torque: Nm (ft·lbf) | rpm for max. torque | power at max. torque: kW | specific power: kW/L (PS/L) | max MEP: bar | MEP at max. power: bar | max operating revs: rpm | dates installed (all unless PS stated in 1st col.) |
---|
align='left' | | 999 | inline 3 (R3) | 12v DOHC | 55 (75) | 6,200 | | 95 (70) | 3,000- 4,300 | | 55.1 (75.1) | | | | |
align='left' | | 1,197 | inline 4 (R4) | 8v SOHC | 77 (105) | 5,000 | | 175 (129) | 1,500- 4,100 | | 64.3 (87.7) | | | | |
align='left' | | 1,390 | inline 4 (R4) | 16v DOHC | 125 (170) | 6,000 | | 240 (177) | 1,750- 4,500 | | 89.9 (122.3) | | | 7,000 | |
align='left' | | 1,598 | inline 4 (R4) | 16v DOHC | 85 (116) | 6,000 | | 155 (114) | 4,500 | | 53.2 (72.6) | | | 6,500 | |
align='left' | Audi TT Sport | 1,781 | inline 4 (R4) | 20v DOHC | 176 (239) | 5,700 | | 320 (236) | 2,300- 5,000 | | 98.8 (134.2) | | | | |
align='left' |
| 1,984 | inline 4 (R4) | 16v DOHC | 147 (200) | 5,100- 6,000 | | 280 (207) | 1,800- 5,000 | | 74.1 (100.8) | | | 7,000 | |
align='left' | Audi RS2 | 2,226 | inline 5 (R5) | 20v DOHC | 232 (315) | 6,500 | | 410 (302) | 3,000 | | 104.2 (141.5) | | | 7,000 | |
align='left' | 2.5 (Americas) | 2,480 | inline 5 (R5) | 20v DOHC | 125 (170) | 5,700 | | 240 (177) | 4,250 | | 44.4 (60.5) | | | 5,800 | |
align='left' | Audi TT RS | 2,480 | inline 5 (R5) | 20v DOHC | 250 (340) | 5,400- 6,500 | | 450 (332) | 1,600- 5,300 | | 100.8 (137.1) | | | 6,800 | |
align='left' | Audi RS4 (B5) | 2,671 | V6 engine | 30v DOHC | 280 (381) | 6,100 | | 440 (325) | 2,500 | | 104.8 (142.6) | | | | |
align='left' | | 2,771 | V6 engine | 30v DOHC | 142 (193) | 6,000 | | 275 (203) | 3,200 | | 51.2 (69.6) | | | | |
align='left' | | 2,792 | VR6 engine | 24v DOHC | 150 (204) | 6,200 | | 265 (195) | 3,400 | | 53.7 (73.1) | | | | |
align='left' | Audi S4 (B8) | 2,995 | V6 engine | 24v DOHC | 245 (333) | 5,500- 7,000 | | 440 (325) | 2,500- 5,000 | | 81.7 (111.1) | | | | |
align='left' | | 3,189 | VR6 engine | 24v DOHC | 184 (250) | 6,300 | | 320 (236) | 2,500- 3,000 | | 57.7 (77.5) | | | | |
align='left' | | 3,598 | VR6 engine | 24v DOHC | 220 (299) | 6,600 | | 350 (258) | 2,400- 5,300 | | 61.1 (83.1) | | | | |
align='left' | Audi RS6 (C7) | 3,993 | V8 engine | 32v DOHC | 425 (578) | 5,700 | | 700 (516) | 1,750- 5500 | | 106.4 (144.7) | | | | |
align='left' | Volkswagen Passat (B5.5) | 3,998 | WR8 engine | 32v DOHC | 202 (275) | 6,000 | | 370 (273) | 2,750 | | 50.5 (68.8) | | | 6,400 | |
align='left' | Audi S4 (B6) | 4,163 | V8 engine | 40v DOHC | 253 (344) | 7,000 | | 410 (302) | 3,500 | | 60.8 (82.6) | | | 7,000 | |
align='left' | Audi RS4 (B7) | 4,163 | V8 engine | 32v DOHC | 309 (420) | 7,800 | | 430 (317) | 5,500 | | 74.2 (100.9) | | | 8,250 | |
align='left' |
| 4,172 | V8 engine | 40v DOHC | 353 (480) | 6,000- 6,400 | | 560 (413) | 1,950- 6,000 | | 84.6 (115.1) | | | | |
align='left' | Audi RS6 (C6) | 4,991 | V10 engine | 40v DOHC | 427 (581) | 6,250- 6,700 | | 650 (480) | 1,500- 6,250 | | 85.6 (116.4) | | | | |
align='left' | Audi S8 (D3) | 5,204 | V10 engine | 40v DOHC | 331 (450) | 7,000 | | 540 (398) | 3,500 | | 63.6 (85.3) | | | 9,000 | |
align='left' | Audi A8 | 5,998 | WR12 engine | 48v DOHC | 331 (450) | 6,200 | | 560 (413) | 2,300- 5,300 | | 55.2 (75.0) | | | 6,000 | |
align='left' | Lamborghini Aventador | 6,498 | V12 engine | 48v DOHC | 510 (700) | 8,250 | | 690 (509) | 5,500 | | 78.4 (107.7) | | | | |
align='left' | Bentley Mulsanne | 6,748 | V8 engine | 16v OHV | 395 (537) | 4,200 | | 1050 (774) | 3,300 | | 58.5 (79.6) | | | 4,500 | |
align='left' | Bugatti Veyron | 7,993 | WR16 engine | 64v DOHC | 736 (1001) | 6,000 | | 1250 (922) | 2,200- 5,500 | | 92.1 (125.2) | | | | |
align='left' | Bugatti Chiron | 7,993 | WR16 engine | 64v DOHC | 1103 (1,500) | 6,000 | | 1600 (1180) | 2,000- 6,000 | | 137.1 (187.6) | | | | |
engine model | engine disp.: (cc) | engine config. | valvetrain | max. power: kW (PS) | rpm for max. power | torque at max. power: Nm | max. torque: Nm (ft·lbf) | rpm for max. torque | power at max. torque: kW | specific power: kW/L (PS/L) | max MEP: bar | MEP at max. power: bar | max operating revs: rpm | dates installed (all unless PS stated in 1st col.) | |
---|
See also
References
- Web site: Volkswagen engines ID code. AutoShoppingCenter.com. n.d.. 30 July 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20091206171046/http://www.autoshoppingcenter.com/Volkswagen/VW_enginescode.html. 6 December 2009.
- Web site: Audi engine ID code. AutoShoppingCenter.com. n.d.. 30 July 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090830015013/http://www.autoshoppingcenter.com/Volkswagen/audi_enginescode.html. 30 August 2009.
External links
Golf R400 (EA888)
Notes and References
- [ETKA]
- Automobil Revue . Drei für einen Liter . Three for a liter . de . MoMedia AG . Bern, Switzerland . 21 . 21 May 2014 . Hauri . Stephan . 26 May 2015 . 26 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150526071108/http://www.xn--vk-eka.at/veranstaltungen_/symposien/2014/pressestimmen/automobilrevue3.pdf . live .
- Web site: SCOOP: CGI set for four-cylinder engine blocks . 9 October 2013 . 21 December 2013 . 24 December 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131224101746/http://autoindustrynewsletter.blogspot.ca/2013/10/cgi-confirmed-for-four-cylinder-engine.html . live .
- Web site: Audi Third Generation 2.0l Engines. 22 July 2020. 22 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200722134634/https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/tsbs/2016/SB-10105867-2280.pdf. live.
- Web site: 上汽大众官网 大众辉昂(Phideon)车型参数,新款配置报价,车型图片. 2020-07-22. phideon.svw-volkswagen.com. 22 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200722214037/https://phideon.svw-volkswagen.com/. live.
- Web site: Behind Audi's new "rightsized" efficient EA888 Gen.3B family. 2020-07-22. Green Car Congress. 22 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200722065820/https://www.greencarcongress.com/2015/05/20150514-gen3b.html. live.
- Web site: 2014 Audi S3, Golf R and Leon Cupra Developing Turbo Problems. Radu. Mihnea. 4 August 2014. autoevolution. en. 23 October 2019. 23 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191023134929/https://www.autoevolution.com/news/2014-audi-s3-golf-r-and-leon-cupra-developing-turbo-problems-84773.html. live.
- Web site: Got a bad turbo? Let's track the issue... - GOLFMK7 - VW GTI MKVII Forum / VW Golf R Forum / VW Golf MKVII Forum. www.golfmk7.com. 21 August 2014 . 23 October 2019. 9 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160909105203/http://www.golfmk7.com/forums/showthread.php?t=5276. live.
- Web site: Volkswagen GTI Water Pump Problems. www.carproblemzoo.com. 23 October 2019. 23 October 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191023134924/http://www.carproblemzoo.com/volkswagen/gti/water-pump-problems.php. live.
- Web site: 车系排放控制系统信息-上汽大众售后服务(Techcare)官网. 2020-07-22. techcare.svw-volkswagen.com. 22 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200722062934/https://techcare.svw-volkswagen.com/khgg-pfkz.html. live.
- Web site: New 90-degree turbo V6 leads Audi's hybridization blitz . 10 February 2018 . 10 February 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180210180154/http://articles.sae.org/15533/ . live .
- Web site: Efficiency and driving pleasure: innovative V engines at Audi . 10 February 2018 . 10 February 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180210120937/https://www.audi-mediacenter.com/en/techday-on-combustion-engine-technology-8738/efficiency-and-driving-pleasure-innovative-v-engines-at-audi-8748 . live .
- Web site: Inside Porsche's new V8 and V6 powertrains . 10 February 2018 . 10 February 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180210180227/http://articles.sae.org/14923/ . live .
- Web site: entley announces end to 12-cylinder engine production with the most powerful version ever . Bentley Motors Website . Bentley Motors . 11 January 2024.