| Conventional Long Name: | Volhynian Voivodeship |
| Common Name: | Volhynian |
| Native Name: | Latin: Palatinatus Volhynensis Polish: Województwo wołyńskie Ukrainian: Волинське воєводство |
| Subdivision: | Voivodeship |
| Nation: | Lithuania (1566–1569) and then Poland (1569–1795) |
| Year Start: | 1566 |
| Event1: | To Polish Crown |
| Date Event1: | 1569 |
| Event End: | Annexed by Russia |
| Year End: | 1795 |
| Date End: | 24 October |
| P1: | Grand Duchy of Lithuania |
| S1: | Volhynian Governorate |
| Image Map Caption: | The Volhynian Voivodeship (red) in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1635 |
| Capital: | Lutsk (Polish: Łuck) |
| Stat Area1: | 38324 |
| Political Subdiv: | counties 3 |
| Footnotes: | 1 Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Voivodeship of Grand Duchy of Lithuania before 1569. |
Volhynian Voivodeship (Polish: Województwo wołyńskie, Latin: Palatinatus Volhynensis, Ukrainian: Волинське воєводство, Volynske voievodstvo) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1566 until 1569 and of the Polish Crown within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from the 1569 Union of Lublin until the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. It was part of the Ruthenian lands in the Lesser Poland Province.
The voivodeship was established based on the Łuck Eldership (starostvo) in 1566 with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Following the 1569 union of Lublin, it was ceded to the Crown of Poland as part of the Lesser Poland (Malopolska) Province.
The capital of the voivodeship was in Łuck (presentday Lutsk), and it had three senators in the Senate of the Commonwealth. These were the Bishop of Luck, the Voivode of Volhynia and the Castellan of Volhynia. Volhynian Voivodeship was divided into three counties: Luck, Wlodzimierz and Krzemieniec. Local starostas resided in the three capitals of the counties, while sejmiks took place at Luck. The voivodeship had two deputies in the Polish Sejm, and one deputy in the Lesser Poland Tribunal in Lublin.
Zygmunt Gloger in his monumental book Historical Geography of the Lands of Old Poland provides this description of Volhynian Voivodeship:
Seat of Voivodeship Governor and regional sejmik:
Regional council (sejmik generalny) for all Ruthenian lands