| Native Name: | Latin: Palatinatus Trocensis Lithuanian: Trakų vaivadija Polish: Województwo trockie |
| Conventional Long Name: | Trakai Voivodeship |
| Common Name: | Trakai |
| Subdivision: | Voivodeship |
| Nation: | Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1413–1569) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) |
| Year Start: | 1413 |
| Event Start: | Established by Union of Horodło |
| Event End: | Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |
| Year End: | 1795 |
| Event1: | Union of Lublin |
| Date Event1: | 1569 |
| P1: | Duchy of Trakai |
| S1: | Vilna Governorate |
| S2: | Grodno Governorate |
| S3: | East Prussia |
| S4: | Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795) |
| Image Map Caption: | Trakai Voivodeship (in red) in the 17th century |
| Image Map2: | RON województwo trockie map.svg |
| Image Map2 Caption: | Trakai Voivodeship in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth |
| Capital: | Trakai |
| Political Subdiv: | Counties 4 |
| Government Type: | Monarchy |
| Legislature: | Sejmik |
| Title Leader: | Voivode |
| Title Deputy: | Castellan |
| Stat Year1: | 1570 |
| Stat Area1: | 31100 |
| Stat Year2: | 1790 |
| Stat Area2: | 23885 |
| Stat Pop2: | 288000 |
| Today: | Lithuania Poland Belarus |
| Footnotes: | Population and area are given according to Book: Vaitiekūnas, Stasys . Lietuvos gyventojai: Per du tūkstantmečius . 2006 . Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas . Vilnius . 5-420-01585-4 . 53, 71. lt. |
Trakai Voivodeship,[1] Trakai Palatinate, or Troki Voivodeship[2] (Latin: Palatinatus Trocensis, Lithuanian: Trakų vaivadija, Polish: Województwo trockie), was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1413 until 1795.
Trakai Voivodeship together with Vilnius Voivodeship was established by the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great in 1413 according to the Union of Horodło.[1] Vytautas copied the Polish system of administrative division in order to centralize and strengthen the government. Trakai Voivodeship replaced the former Duchy of Trakai, which was ruled directly by the Grand Duke or his close relative (brother or son). The Duke of Trakai (Latin: dux Trocensis) was replaced by appointed officials – voivodes and his deputy castellan.
The voivodeship was divided into four : Grodno, Kaunas, Trakai (ruled directly by the voivode), and Upytė.[1] The biggest cities in the voivodeship were Kaunas, Grodno and Trakai.
The western portion of the voivodeship was split off in 1513 by Sigismund I the Old and transferred to the Polish Crown. It was organized as the Podlaskie Voivodeship. In 1793, the counties of Grodno, Sokółka and Wołkowysk one of Nowogródek Voivodeship were merged into Grodno Voivodeship.
After the Union of Lublin the voivodeship, together with the whole Grand Duchy of Lithuania, became part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until the partitions of the Commonwealth in 1795. Most of the territory became part of the Russian Empire, while territories west of the Neman River – part of the Province of East Prussia.
The Voivode of Trakai (Polish: Wojewoda trocki, Lithuanian: Trakų vaivada) was one of the most important state offices in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They were appointed from prominent magnate families and competed only with voivode of Vilnius and Grand Chancellors for power and prestige.[3] Voivodes were the ex officio members of the Lithuanian Council of Lords. Voivodes had their residence in Trakai city, near Galvė Lake, north of the Trakai Peninsula Castle.