| China Radio International | |
| Founded: | 3 December 1941 |
| Country: | China |
| Headquarters: | Beijing, China |
| Broadcast Area: | Worldwide |
| Owner: | Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party |
| Former Names: |
|
| Parent: | China Media Group |
| Showflag: | cp |
| S: | 中国国际 广播电台 |
| T: | 中國國際 廣播電台 |
| P: | Zhōngguó Guójì Guǎngbō Diàntái |
| W: | Chungkuo Kuochi Kuangpo Tient'ai |
| J: | Zung1gwok3 Gwok3zai3 Gwong2bo3 Din6toi4 |
| Order: | st |
| L: | China International Radio Station |
China Radio International (CRI) is the state-owned international radio broadcaster of China. It is currently headquartered in Babaoshan, Shijingshan, Beijing. It was founded on December 3, 1941, as Radio Peking. It later adopted the pinyin form Radio Beijing.
CRI states that it "endeavours to promote favourable relations between the PRC and the world" while upholding the PRC's official positions. As with other nations' external broadcasters such as Voice of America, BBC World Service and Radio Australia, CRI claims to "play a significant role in the PRC's soft power strategy" and Go Out policy, aiming to expand the influence of Chinese culture and media in a global stage. CRI attempts to employ new media and partnerships with other media outlets to compete with other international media.[1] Unlike other broadcasters, CRI's control via indirect majority ownership or financial support of radio stations in various nations is not publicly disclosed.[2] [3]
CRI is presently the international radio arm of the China Media Group, under the control of the Central Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party, created following the first session of the 13th National People's Congress in March 2018.[4] [5]
Radio was first introduced in China in the 1920s and 1930s. However, few households had radio receivers. A few cities had commercial stations. Most usage of radio was for political purpose, frequently on a local area level.
The Chinese Communist Party first used radio in Yanan Shaanxi Province in March 1940 with a transmitter imported from Moscow. Xinhua New Chinese Radio (XNCR) went on the air from Yanan on December 30, 1940. XNCR transmitted to a larger geographical area after 1945, and its programs became more regular and formalized with broadcasts of news, official announcements, war bulletins, and art and literary programs.
The English service started on September 11, 1947, transmitting as XNCR from a cave in Shahe in the Taihang Mountains,[6] when China was in the midst of a civil war, to announce newly conquered areas and broadcast a Chinese political and cultural perspective to the world at large.[7] [8] The station moved from the Taihang Mountains to the capital, Peking, when The People's Republic of China was formed in 1949. Its name was changed to Radio Peking on April 10, 1950, and to Radio Beijing in 1983. On January 1, 1993, the name of the station was again changed, this time to China Radio International, in order to avoid any confusion with local Beijing radio broadcasting. Its online broadcasting platform: China International Broadcasting Network (CIBN) was formally established in 2011, as a joint venture of China Radio International, Huawen Media Investment, JinZhengYuan, Youku, Oriental Times Media and Suning Holdings Group.
Radio Peking began exchanges with Voice of America in 1982.[9] Voice of American had opened a bureau in Beijing the previous year.
A 2015 investigative report by Reuters found a network of at least 33 radio stations in 14 countries that obscures CRI as its majority shareholder. A significant portion of the programming on these stations is either produced or provided by CRI, or by media firms CRI controls in the United States, Australia, and Europe.
In February 2020, the United States Department of State designated CRI and other Chinese state-owned media outlets as foreign missions.[10]
CRI has focused on forging commercial partnerships, particularly in Europe, in which its content is broadcast without attribution to CRI. According to a 2023 discourse analysis by the Central European Digital Media Observatory, CRI's content steers clear of any criticism of the Chinese government.
At the beginning of 1984, it started to broadcast home service to the Beijing area on AM and FM frequencies. The service later expanded to dozens of major cities across the PRC, providing listeners inside the PRC with timely news and reports, music, weather, English and Chinese learning skills, as well as other services.
CRI News Radio (CRI环球资讯广播) was established on 28 September 2005. Its aim is to make CRI News Radio a first-class national news radio brand and its slogans are 'First News, News First', 'On-the-Spot China, Live World' etc.[11] CRI News Radio can be heard online and in Beijing on the radio on 90.5 FM; in Tianjin 90.6 FM; in Chongqing 91.7 FM; in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau 107.1 FM; in Shandong 89.8 FM; in Anhui 90.1 FM.
Popular Shows
The following programmes can be heard on the Mandarin version of the podcast from the World Radio Network:
This broadcast was originally targeted at London in the United Kingdom. In 2006, they removed the "London" reference, which was part of the introduction as "Ni hao London. Hello London"[13]
The CRI English channels that can be heard online are:
CRI offers a list of podcast programs in English:
During major Chinese holidays (dubbed Golden Week), such as Chinese New Year, May Day, and Mid-Autumn Festival, China Radio International typically broadcasts special programmes such as:
Most of these programmes are not typical of the broadcast during the other parts of the year. The analogy is similar to Christmas music broadcasts in the United States.
In July 2006, CRI launched a new radio station called CRI Olympic Radio at 900 AM in Beijing. This special broadcast was in Mandarin, Korean, English, Russian, French, Spanish, Arabic, Japanese and German 24 hours a day. This service was terminated in late 2008 after the Beijing Olympics and now the frequency 900 AM is occupied by CRI News Radio, which covers only Beijing.
Other than radio channels, CRI also operates these pay television channels via satellite airing:
China Radio International broadcasts in the following languages:[14]
| Language | Launched | Website | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | Radio e Jashtme e Kinës | ||
| Arabic | http://arabic.cri.cn | ||
| Armenian | 12 April 2011[15] | ||
| Belarusian | 23 September 2009[16] | http://belarusian.cri.cn | |
| Bengali | http://bengali.cri.cn | ||
| Bulgarian | http://bulgarian.cri.cn | ||
| Burmese | 10 April 1950[17] | http://myanmar.cri.cn | |
| Croatian | Kineski Radio Internacional | ||
| Cambodian | 11 December 2008[18] | http://cambodian.cri.cn | |
| Cantonese | |||
| Czech | http://czech.cri.cn | ||
| Dutch | 23 September 2009 | ||
| English | 11 September 1947[19] | http://english.cri.cn | |
| Esperanto | 19 December 1964[20] | http://esperanto.cri.cn | |
| Estonian | |||
| Filipino | Radyo Internasyonal ng Tsina | ||
| French | 5 June 1958[21] | http://french.cri.cn | |
| German | 15 April 1960 | Radio China International | |
| Greek | 23 September 2009 | http://greek.cri.cn | |
| Hausa | http://hausa.cri.cn | ||
| Hebrew | 23 September 2009 | http://hebrew.cri.cn [22] | |
| Hindi | 15 March 1959 | http://hindi.cri.cn | |
| Hungarian | http://hungarian.cri.cn | ||
| Indonesian | Radio Internasional Tiongkok | ||
| Italian | Radio Cina Internazionale | ||
| Japanese | 3 December 1941[23] | ||
| Kazakh | https://web.archive.org/web/20170908052146/http://kazak.cri.cn/ | ||
| Korean | 2 July 1950[24] | http://korean.cri.cn/ | |
| Laotian | 20 November 2006[25] | http://laos.cri.cn | |
| Malaysian | Radio Antarabangsa China | ||
| Mandarin | |||
| Mongolian | 1 December 1964 | Хятадын олон улсын радио | |
| Nepali | 25 Jun 1975[26] | http://nepal.cri.cn | |
| Persian | http://persian.cri.cn | ||
| Polish | Chińskie Radio Międzynarodowe | ||
| Portuguese | http://portuguese.cri.cn | ||
| Pashto | http://pushtu.cri.cn | ||
| Romanian | 30 August 1968 | Radio China Internaţional | |
| Russian | 24 December 1954[27] | Международное радио Китая | |
| Serbian | http://serbian.cri.cn | ||
| Sinhala | January 1975 | http://sinhalese.cri.cn | |
| Spanish | 3 September 1956[28] | http://espanol.cri.cn | |
| Swahili | 6 March 2006[29] | http://swahili.cri.cn | |
| Swedish | |||
| Tamil | August 1963[30] [31] | சீன வானொலி | |
| Thai | http://thai.cri.cn | ||
| Tibetan | https://web.archive.org/web/20190224113849/http://tibet.cri.cn/ | ||
| Turkish | http://turkish.cri.cn | ||
| Ukrainian | May 2008 | Міжнародне радіо Китаю | |
| Urdu | http://urdu.cri.cn | ||
| Uygur | https://web.archive.org/web/20180116173813/http://uygur.cri.cn/ | ||
| Vietnamese | Đài phát thanh quốc tế Trung Quốc |
The Tibetan, Uygur and Kazakh services are broadcast in association with local radio stations (Tibet People's Broadcasting Station and Xinjiang People's Broadcasting Station).
China International Broadcasting Network (CIBN, traded as, an internet TV service, was a joint venture of China Radio International with other companies. The company was owned by Global Broadcasting Media Group (a joint venture (50–50) of China Radio International and, literally JinZhengYuan Union Investment Holding) for 34.0004% stake, Huawen Media Investment for 30.9996% stake, a subsidiary of listed company Oriental Times Media for 15% stake, the operator of Youku for 10% stake and Suning Holdings Group, the parent company of PPTV for 10% stake.[32]
CRI owns 60% of Finland-based GBTimes. GBTimes is headed by Zhao Yinong and operates radio stations across Europe that broadcast CRI-produced content.[33]
G&E Studio is 60% owned by Guoguang Century Media, a Beijing firm completely owned by the CRI. James Su is president and CEO of G&E Studio, which distributes CRI content to more than a dozen radio stations inside the United States.