| Ipa Symbol: | q |
| Ipa Number: | 111 |
| Decimal: | 113 |
| X-Sampa: | q |
| Kirshenbaum: | q |
| Braille: | 12345 |
The voiceless uvular plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is pronounced like a voiceless velar plosive pronounced as /[k]/, except that the tongue makes contact not on the soft palate but on the uvula. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is (IPA|q), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is q.
There is also the voiceless pre-uvular plosive[1] in some languages, which is articulated slightly more front compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical uvular consonant, though not as front as the prototypical velar consonant. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, though it can be transcribed as (IPA|q̟) or (IPA|q˖) (both symbols denote an advanced (IPA|q)) or (IPA|k̠) (retracted (IPA|k)). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are q_+ and k_-, respectively.
Features of the voiceless uvular stop:
| Language | Word | Meaning | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [[Cyrillic script|'''хъ'''ацӀа]]/ | pronounced as /[qat͡sʼa]/ | 'man' | ||||
| Adyghe; Adygei: [[Cyrillic script|ата'''къ'''э]]/ | 'rooster' | |||||
| Aleut: [[Cyrillic script|'''ҟ'''и́гаҟъ]]/Aleut: '''q'''iighax̂ | pronounced as /[qiːɣaχ]/ | 'grass' | ||||
| Arabic | Modern Standard | Arabic: [[Arabic alphabet|'''قـ'''ط]]|rtl=yes/ | 'cat' | See Arabic phonology | ||
| Hejazi | Arabic: '''قِـ'''مَّة/ | pronounced as /[qɪmːa]/ | 'peak' | Allophone of pronounced as //g//. See Hejazi Arabic phonology | ||
| Arabic: [[Arabic alphabet|'''غـ'''داً]]/ | pronounced as /[qədæn]/ | 'tomorrow' | Corresponds to pronounced as //ɣ// in other dialects. | |||
| Algerian | ||||||
| Syriac: ܩܐ/ | pronounced as /[qa]/ | 'for' | Often realized as a tense /k/ rather than uvular /q/. | |||
| [[Cyrillic script|'''хъ'''ал]]/ | pronounced as /[qaːl]/ | 'human skin' | ||||
| Avá-Canoeiro | pronounced as /[ˈqɔːtõ]/ | 'this' | Possible realisation of pronounced as //k//. In the speech of people aged 40 to 80 years, the consonant is in free variation with pronounced as /[qˤ]/, pronounced as /[qʰ]/ and pronounced as /[k]/ in post-tonic or primarily or secondarily stressed syllables. | |||
| Bashkir | Bashkir: '''ҡ'''аҙ/ | 'goose' | ||||
| Chechen: [[Cyrillic script|'''кх'''оъ]]/ | pronounced as /[qɔʔ]/ | 'three' | ||||
| Chukchi | Нычымйы'''ӄ'''эн/nëčëmyëqen | [nət͡ʃəmjəqen] | 'bitter' | |||
| pronounced as /[qoq]/ | 'dry' | |||||
| caught | pronounced as /[ḵʰoːt]/ | 'caught' | Pre-uvular; allophone of pronounced as //k// before pronounced as //ʊ oː ɔ oɪ ʊə//. See Australian English phonology | |||
| Multicultural London[2] | pronounced as /[qʌt]/ | 'cut' | Allophone of pronounced as //k// before non-high back vowels.[3] | |||
| Non-local Dublin[4] | pronounced as /[bɑq]/ | 'back' | Allophone of pronounced as //k// after a retracted vowel for some speakers. | |||
| '''g̣'''u:jih | pronounced as /[quːtʃih]/ | 'wolf' | ||||
| German: [[German orthography|'''R'''ock]] | pronounced as /[qɔkʰ]/ | 'skirt' | In free variation with pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/, pronounced as /link/ and pronounced as /link/. Does not occur in the coda. | |||
| Kalaallisut; Greenlandic: illo'''q'''arpo'''q''' | pronounced as /[iɬːoqɑppɔq]/ | 'he has a house' | See Greenlandic phonology | |||
| Hebrew: [[Hebrew alphabet|'''ק'''ול]]|rtl=yes/ | pronounced as /[qol]/ | 'voice' | See Biblical Hebrew phonology | |||
| See Mizrahi Hebrew | ||||||
| Hebrew: [[Hebrew alphabet|'''ק'''ול]]|rtl=yes/ | pronounced as /[qøːl]/ | See Yemenite Hebrew | ||||
| Hungarian: '''k'''orom | pronounced as /[qorom]/ | 'soot' | Possible allophone of /k/ before back vowels. See Hungarian phonology | |||
| Hindustani | Hindi | Hindi: [[Devanagari|बर्क़]]/ | pronounced as /[bərq]/ | 'lightning' | Mostly in Hindi–Urdu loanwords from Arabic, pronounced mainly in Urdu and by educated Hindi speakers, with rural Hindi speakers often pronouncing it as a pronounced as /link/. See Hindustani phonology[5] [6] [7] | |
| Urdu | Urdu: [[Urdu alphabet|بَر'''ق''']]|rtl=yes/ | |||||
| Inuktitut: [[Inuktitut syllabics|ᐃᐦᐃᑉᕆᐅ'''ᖅ'''ᑐ'''ᖅ''']]/Inuktitut: ihipqiu'''q'''tu'''q'''’ | pronounced as /[ihipɢiuqtuq]/ | 'explore' | See Inuit phonology | |||
| '''q'''eet | pronounced as /[qeːt]/ | 'break' | ||||
| Kabardian: [[Cyrillic script|'''къ'''эбэрдей]]/ | 'Kabardian' | |||||
| Kabyle: [[Tifinagh|ⵜⴰ'''ⵇ'''ⴲⴰⵢⵍⵉⵜ]] | 'Kabyle language' | May be voiced pronounced as /link/. | ||||
| '''q'''a'''q'''a|italic=yes | pronounced as /[qaqa]/ | 'elder brother' | ||||
| Kazakh: [[Kazakh alphabet|'''Қ'''аза'''қ'''стан]]/Kazakh: [[Kazakh alphabet|'''Q'''aza'''q'''stan]] | pronounced as /[qɑzɑqˈstɑn]/ | 'Kazakhstan' | An allophone of pronounced as /link/ before back vowels | |||
| [[Cyrillic script|'''қ'''ан/qan]] | pronounced as /[qan]/ | 'begin' | ||||
| '''q'''əmtəm|italic=yes | pronounced as /[qəmtəm]/ | 'iron' | ||||
| Sorani | Kurdish: '''قـ'''وتابخانە/Kurdish: '''q'''utabxane | pronounced as /[qutɑbxɑnə]/ | 'School' | An allophone of pronounced as /link/ before back vowels | ||
| Kurmanji | Kurdish: '''Q'''alikdar | pronounced as /[qɑlɯkdɑr]/ | 'crustacean' | An allophone of pronounced as /link/ before back vowels | ||
| Kutenai: '''q'''aykiťwu | pronounced as /[qajkitʼwu]/ | 'nine' | ||||
| Kyrgyz | Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: [[Kyrgyz alphabet|'''К'''ыргызстан]]/Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: [[Kyrgyz alphabet|'''Q'''ırğızstan]] | pronounced as /[qɯrʁɯsˈstɑn]/ | 'Kyrgyzstan' | An allophone of pronounced as /link/ before back vowels | ||
| Lishan Didan | Urmi Dialect | א'''ק'''לא/ | pronounced as /[aqlɑ]/ | 'foot, leg' | ||
| Maltese | Archaic Cottonera Dialect | Maltese: '''q'''attus | pronounced as /[qɐˈtːuːs]/ | 'cat' | ||
| क़ान/qán | pronounced as /[qa:n]/ | 'eye' | Corresponds to /x/ in other North Dravidian languages. | |||
| Nez Perce | ʔaw̓líwaaʔinp'''q'''awtaca|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ʔawˀɪlwaːʔinpqawtat͡sa]/ | 'I go to scoop him up in the fire' | |||
| [[Cyrillic script|тя'''қ'''р̆]]/ | pronounced as /[tʲaqr̥]/ | 'three' | ||||
| Iron | Ossetian; Ossetic: Дзæуджы'''хъ'''æу/ | pronounced as /[ˈzə̹ʊ̯d͡ʒɪ̈qə̹ʊ̯]/ | 'Vladikavkaz' | |||
| Early New Persian | [[Persian alphabet|'''قَـ'''اشُ'''ق''']]|rtl=yes/ | pronounced as /
| 'spoon' | May be allophonicly voiced to [ɢ] before a voiced stop. See Persian phonology. | ||
| Dari standard | pronounced as /[qɑːˈʃʊq]/ | |||||
| Tajik standard | Tajik: [[Tajik alphabet|'''қ'''ошу'''қ''']]/ | pronounced as /[qɔʃuq]/ | ||||
| Some Iranian speakers | Persian: [[Persian alphabet|'''قـ'''ورباغه]]|rtl=yes/ | pronounced as /[qurbɒɣe]/ | 'frog' | In Western Iranian dialects /q/ and /ɣ/ have merged into /ɢ/. Though some dialects in eastern Iran may preserve the distinction in some words. See Persian phonology. | ||
| Quechua: '''q'''allu | pronounced as /[qaʎu]/ | 'tongue' | ||||
| qu | pronounced as /[qu]/ | 'heavy' | ||||
| Seedi'''q'''|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ˈseˈʔediq]/ | 'Seediq' | ||||
| — | — | |||||
| [[Cyrillic script|'''қ'''ам/qam]] | pronounced as /[qɑm]/ | 'shaman' | ||||
| Somali: '''q'''aab | pronounced as /[qaːb]/ | 'shape' | See Somali phonology | |||
| te'''q''' | pronounced as /[təq]/ | 'to touch' | ||||
| Tlingit: [[Tlingit alphabet|'''gh'''agw]] | pronounced as /[qɐ́kʷ]/ | 'tree spine' | Tlingit contrasts six different uvular stops | |||
| Tsimshian: gwildm'''ḵ'''a̱p'a | pronounced as /[ɡʷildmqɑpʼa]/ | 'tobacco' | ||||
| Turkmen: a'''k''' | pronounced as /[ɑ:q]/ | 'white' | Allophone of /k/ next to back vowels | |||
| qhë | pronounced as /[qʰɜ]/ | 'grave' | One of ten distinct uvular stop phonemes. See Ubykh phonology | |||
| Uighur; Uyghur: [[Uyghur Arabic alphabet|ئاق]]|rtl=yes/Uighur; Uyghur: [[Uyghur Latin alphabet|a'''q''']] | pronounced as /[ɑq]/ | 'white' | ||||
| Uzbek: [[Uzbek alphabet|qol]]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[q̟oɫ]/ | 'arm' | Pre-uvular; sometimes realized as an affricate pronounced as /link/. | |||
| Bakh'a | Pre-uvular, though in Ma'loula it is slightly more front. | |||||
| Yupik languages: me'''q'''|italic=yes | pronounced as /[məq]/ | 'fresh water' | ||||
| [[Cyrillic script|маар'''х''']]/ | pronounced as /[maːrq]/ | 'one' | ||||
| Southern | [[Cyrillic script|ата'''х'''л]]/ | pronounced as /[ataql]/ | 'two' | |||
| ǀ'''qh'''áá | 'to smooth' | |||||
pronounced as /navigation/