| Ipa Symbol: | ʐ |
| Ipa Number: | 137 |
| Decimal: | 656 |
| Xsampa: | z` |
| Kirshenbaum: | z. |
| Braille: | dd |
| Braille2: | z |
| Imagefile: | IPA Unicode 0x0290.svg |
The voiced retroflex sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is (IPA|ʐ), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is z`. Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of a z (the letter used for the corresponding alveolar consonant).
Features of the voiced retroflex sibilant:
In the following transcriptions, diacritics may be used to distinguish between apical pronounced as /[ʐ̺]/ and laminal pronounced as /[ʐ̻]/.
The commonality of pronounced as /[ʐ]/ cross-linguistically is 2% in a phonological analysis of 2155 languages.[1]
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhazian: [[Abkhaz alphabet|аб'''ж'''а/abža]] | pronounced as /[ˈabʐa]/ | 'half' | See Abkhaz phonology | |||
| Kabardian: [[Cyrillic script|'''жъ'''ы]] / Kabardian: '''j'''ı / Kabardian: '''ظ'''ہـ | 'old' | Laminal. | ||||
| Awetí | pronounced as /[pɨtiˈʐɨk˺]/ | 'to pray' | Diachronically related to pronounced as /link/ and also to some other alveolar sounds in certain occasions. As word lists created in the 1900s appoint for pronounced as /link/ where there is pronounced as /[ʐ]/ now, the latter sound is supposed to be the result of a very recent sound change that is analogically happening in Waurá. | |||
| Chinese | Changshu dialect | Chinese: 常熟 | /dʐan ʐɔʔ/ pronounced as /[tʂʱä̃233 ʐɔʔ23]/ (without tone sandhi) | 'Changshu' | Pronounced [ʂʱ] when occurring at the first syllable. A native Wu Chinese speaker may reduce it a sound closer to a retroflex approximant pronounced as /[ɻ]/ (similar to the Standard Mandarin r) when trying to force a unnatural voiced pronunciation on the first syllable. | |
| Faroese: '''r'''enn''' | pronounced as /[ʐɛn]/ | 'run' | ||||
| Lower Sorbian: Łu'''ž'''yca | pronounced as /[ˈwuʐɨt͡sa]/ | 'Lusatia' | ||||
| Mapudungun; Mapuche: [[Mapudungun alphabet|'''r'''ayen]] | pronounced as /[ʐɜˈjën]/ | 'flower' | May be pronounced as /link/ or pronounced as /link/ instead. | |||
| Marri Tjevin dialect | pronounced as /[wiˈɲaʐu]/ | 'they are laughing' | Voicing is non-contrastive. | |||
| pronounced as /[ɨˈʐũte]/ | 'parrot' | Resulted from the voicing of pronounced as //ʂ// in between vowels. | ||||
| Southern dialect | pronounced as /[ˈtəʐai]/ | 'thirsty' | See Pashto phonology | |||
| Standard | Polish: [[Polish orthography|'''ż'''ona]] | 'wife' | Also represented orthographically by (rz) and, when written so, may be instead pronounced as the raised alveolar non-sonorant trill by few speakers.[2] It is transcribed as pronounced as //ʒ// by most Polish scholars. See Polish phonology | |||
| Southeastern Cuyavian dialects[3] | Polish: [[Polish orthography|'''z'''apłacił]] | pronounced as /[ʐäˈpwät͡ɕiw]/ | 'he paid' | Some speakers. It is a result of hypercorrecting the more popular merger of pronounced as //ʐ// and pronounced as //z// into pronounced as /link/ (see Szadzenie). | ||
| Suwałki dialect[4] | ||||||
| Romagnol | di'''ṣ''' | pronounced as /[ˈdiːʐ]/ | 'ten' | Apical; may be pronounced as /link/ or pronounced as /link/ instead. | ||
| Russian: [[Russian orthography|'''ж'''ена/žena]] | 'wife' | See Russian phonology | ||||
| Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: [[Scottish Gaelic orthography|a'''ir''' mu'''ir''']]|italic=yes | pronounced as /[ɛʐ ˈmuʐ]/ | 'at sea' | Realised as a palatalised /ɾʲ/ in most dialects or as /ð/ in some other Hebridean dialects, particularly Lewis and South Uist. | |||
| [[Cyrillic script|'''ж'''ут]] / '''ž'''ut | pronounced as /[ʐûːt̪]/ | 'yellow' | Typically transcribed as /ʒ/. See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |||
| Shina | Gilgiti[5] | / ẓakuṇ | pronounced as /[ʐəkuɳ]/ | 'donkey' | ||
| Kohistani | ||||||
| Slovak | Slovak: [[Slovak alphabet|'''ž'''aba]] | pronounced as /[ˈʐäbä]/ | 'frog' | |||
| Spanish | Andean | hacer | pronounced as /[a'seʐ]/ | 'do' | The phoneme [r] changes to [ʐ], when it is at the end of a syllable | |
| marrón, ratón | pronounced as /[maˈʐon]/, pronounced as /[ʐa'ton]/ | 'brown', 'mouse' | See Spanish phonology | |||
| Swedish | Central dialects | Swedish: [[Swedish alphabet|f'''r'''i]] | pronounced as /[fʐi]/ | 'free' | Allophone of /ɹ/. Also may be pronounced as [r] or [ɾ]. See Swedish phonology | |
| ? | pronounced as /[ʐan]/ | 'bottom' | ||||
| ݜوڙ | pronounced as /[ʂuʐ]/ | 'straight' | ||||
| pronounced as /[ʐa]/ | 'firewood' | See Ubykh phonology | ||||
| Ukrainian: [[Ukrainian alphabet|'''ж'''aбa/žaba]] | pronounced as /[ˈʐɑbɐ]/ | 'frog' | See Ukrainian phonology | |||
| Some dialects | Used in dialects spoken in villages north of Hoyerswerda; corresponds to pronounced as /link/ in the standard language. | |||||
| Sichuan Yi; Nuosu: [[Yi script|ꏜ]] Sichuan Yi; Nuosu: '''r'''y | pronounced as /[ʐʐ̩˧]/ | 'grass' | ||||
| Above: | Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative |
| Ipa Symbol: | ɻ̝ |
| Ipa Symbol2: | ɻ˔ |
| Ipa Number: | 152 429 |
| Xsampa: | r\`_r |
Features of the voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative:
pronounced as /navigation/