Voiced retroflex implosive explained

Ipa Symbol:	ᶑ
Decimal:	7569
Imagefile:	IPA Unicode 0x1D91.svg

The voiced retroflex implosive is a type of consonantal sound. Wadiyara Koli phonemically distinguishes it from the alveolar pronounced as /link/. Sindhi has an implosive that varies between dental and retroflex articulation, while Oromo, Saraiki and Ngad'a have pronounced as //ᶑ // but not pronounced as //ɗ//.^[1]

The 'implicit' symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is

(IPA|ᶑ ) (a D with a tail for retroflex and a hook-top for implosive).^{[2] [3]}

Features

Features of the voiced retroflex implosive:

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Marwari		Marwari: कॾहिं	pronounced as /[kaᶑahin]/
Ngadha		mo'''dh'''e	pronounced as /[ˈmoᶑe]/	'good'
Oromo		Oromo: '''dh'''uma	pronounced as /[ᶑʊmɐ]/	'end'
Saraiki		[[Saraiki alphabet|'''ݙ'''اک]]	pronounced as /[ᶑak]/	'mail'	Either apical or subapical, place of articulation is more forward than for the retroflex stops, does not contrast with a dental implosive^[4]
Wadiyara Koli			Contrasts /ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ/.

See also

• List of phonetics topics

External links

pronounced as /navigation/

Notes and References

1. In Mangbai pronounced as //ɗ// may also be retroflex, but it appears to be a preglottalized pronounced as /[ʔ͡ɖ]/ rather than an implosive (Anonby 2008).
2. Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, 1999, p. 166, 179.
3. Kirk Miller & Michael Ashby, L2/20-252R Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic
4. Book: Shackle, Christopher. Christopher Shackle. The Siraiki language of central Pakistan : a reference grammar. 1976. London. School of Oriental and African Studies. 22–23.