| Ipa Symbol: | d |
| Ipa Number: | 104 |
| Decimal: | 100 |
| X-Sampa: | d |
| Kirshenbaum: | d |
| Braille: | d |
| Ipa Number: | 104 408 |
| Ipa Symbol: | d̪ |
| Decimal1: | 100 |
| Decimal2: | 810 |
| X-Sampa: | d_d |
| Kirshenbaum: | d[|braille=d|braille2=6|braille3=1456 ] |
The voiced alveolar, dental and postalveolar plosives (or stops) are types of consonantal sounds used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is (IPA|d) (although the symbol (IPA|d̪) can be used to distinguish the dental plosive, and (IPA|d̠) the postalveolar), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is d.
There are only a few languages that distinguish dental and alveolar stops, among them Kota, Toda, Venda and some Irish dialects.
Features of the voiced alveolar stop:
| IPA | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| pronounced as /d/ | plain d | |
| pronounced as /d̪/ | dental d | |
| pronounced as /d̠/ | postalveolar d | |
| pronounced as /dʱ/ | breathy d | |
| pronounced as /dʲ/ | palatalized d | |
| pronounced as /dʷ/ | labialized d | |
| pronounced as /d̚/ | d with no audible release | |
| pronounced as /d̥/ | voiceless d | |
| pronounced as /d͈/ | tense d |
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian: [[Albanian orthography|derë]] | pronounced as /[dɛːɾ]/ | 'door' | ||||||
| [[Arabic letters|دنيا]] / | pronounced as /ˈdonjæ/ | 'world' | See Egyptian Arabic phonology | |||||
| Armenian: [[Armenian alphabet|'''դ'''եմք]] / | 'face' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||||||
| Western | Armenian: [[Armenian alphabet|տալ]] / | pronounced as /[d̪ɑl]/ | 'to give' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||||
| '''д'''үрт / '''d'''ürt | 'four' | |||||||
| Basa: [[Basque alphabet|'''d'''iru]] | pronounced as /[d̪iɾu]/ | 'money' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||||
| Belarusian: [[Belarusian alphabet|па'''д'''арожжа]]/Belarusian: padarožža | pronounced as /[päd̪äˈroʐːä]/ | 'travel' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Belarusian phonology | |||||
| Bengali: [[Bengali alphabet|'''দু'''ধ]]/ | pronounced as /[d̪ud̪ʱ]/ | 'milk' | Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. See Bengali phonology | |||||
| Catalan; Valencian: [[Catalan orthography|'''d'''rac]] | pronounced as /[ˈd̪ɾɑk]/ | 'dragon' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Catalan phonology | |||||
| Dinka: [[Dinka alphabet|'''dh'''ek]] | pronounced as /[d̪ek]/ | 'distinct' | Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts with alveolar pronounced as //d//. | |||||
| pronounced as /[d̪eɾa]/ | 'sad' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||||||
| Dutch; Flemish: [[Dutch orthography|'''d'''ing]] | pronounced as /[d̪ɪŋ]/ | 'thing' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||||
| then | pronounced as /[d̪ɛn]/ | 'then' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | Corresponds to pronounced as /link/ in other dialects. In Dublin it may be pronounced as /link/. | See English phonology | |||
| Word-initial allophone of pronounced as //ð//; may be realized as pronounced as /link/ instead. | ||||||||
| Ulster[1] | pronounced as /[d̪ɹim]/ | 'dream' | Allophone of pronounced as //d// before pronounced as //r//, in free variation with an alveolar stop. | |||||
| Esperanto: [[Esperanto orthography|mon'''d'''o]] | pronounced as /[ˈmondo]/ | 'world' | See Esperanto phonology. | |||||
| French: [[French orthography|'''d'''ais]] | pronounced as /[d̪ɛ]/ | 'canopy' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See French phonology | |||||
| Georgian: [[Georgian alphabet|კუ'''დ'''ი]] | pronounced as /[ˈkʼud̪i]/ | 'tail' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Georgian phonology | |||||
| Hindi: [[Devanāgarī|'''दू'''ध]] / Hindi: '''d'''ūdh | pronounced as /[d̪uːd̪ʱ]/ | 'milk' | Laminal denti-alveolar. Hindustani contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. | Contrasts with aspirated form <ध>. | See Hindi-Urdu phonology | |||
| Urdu | Urdu: [[nasta'liq|'''د'''ودھ]]|rtl=yes / Urdu: '''d'''ūdh|rtl=yes | Contrasts with aspirated form <دھ>. | ||||||
| Irish: [[Irish orthography|'''d'''orcha]] | pronounced as /[ˈd̪ˠɔɾˠəxə]/ | 'dark' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Irish phonology | |||||
| Italian: [[Italian alphabet|'''d'''are]] | pronounced as /[ˈd̪äːre]/ | 'to give' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Italian phonology | |||||
| Japanese: [[kanji|男性的]] / Japanese: [[Romanization of Japanese|'''d'''anseiteki]] | pronounced as /[d̪ä̃ɰ̃se̞ːt̪e̞kʲi]/ | 'masculine' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Japanese phonology | |||||
| Kashubian[2] | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||||||
| Kazakh: [[Kazakh alphabet|'''д'''ос]] | pronounced as /[d̪os̪]/ | 'friend' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||||
| Kirghiz; Kyrgyz: [[Kyrgyz alphabet|'''д'''ос]] | pronounced as /[d̪os̪]/ | 'friend' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||||
| Latvian: [[Latvian alphabet|'''d'''rudzis]] | pronounced as /[ˈd̪rud̪͡z̪is̪]/ | 'fever' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Latvian phonology | |||||
| Marathi: [[Devanāgarī|'''द'''गड]]/ | pronounced as /[d̪əɡəɖ]/ | 'stone' | Laminal denti-alveolar. Marathi contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. See Marathi phonology | |||||
| [[Devanāgarī|'''दि'''न]]/ | pronounced as /[d̪in]/ | 'daytime' | Contrasts with aspirated form. See Nepali Phonology | |||||
| / | pronounced as /[d̪ɔsɔ]/ | 'ten' | Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. | |||||
| Pushto; Pashto: [[Arabic alphabet|ﺪﻮﻩ]]|rtl=yes/Pushto; Pashto: dwa | pronounced as /[ˈd̪wɑ]/ | 'two' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||||
| Polish: [[Polish orthography|'''d'''om]] | 'home' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Polish phonology | ||||||
| Many dialects | Portuguese: [[Portuguese orthography|'''d'''ar]] | pronounced as /[ˈd̪aɾ]/ | 'to give' | Laminal denti-alveolar. May palatalize or lenite in certain environments, depending on dialect. See Portuguese phonology | ||||
| Punjabi | Gurmukhi | ਦਾਲ/dāl | pronounced as /[d̪ɑːl]/ | 'lentils' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | |||
| Shahmukhi | /dāl | |||||||
| Russian: [[Russian orthography|'''д'''ва]]/Russian: dva | pronounced as /[ˈd̪va]/ | 'two' | Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with a palatalized alveolar variant. See Russian phonology | |||||
| [[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|'''д'''уга]] / [[Gaj's Latin alphabet|'''d'''uga]] | pronounced as /[d̪ǔːgä]/ | 'rainbow' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |||||
| Sinhala | pronounced as /[d̪aʋəsə]/ | 'day' | ||||||
| Slovenian: [[Slovene orthography|'''d'''anes]] | pronounced as /[ˈd̪àːnə́s̪]/ | 'today' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Slovene phonology | |||||
| Spanish; Castilian: [[Spanish orthography|hun'''d'''ido]] | pronounced as /[ũn̪ˈd̪ið̞o̞]/ | 'sunken' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Spanish phonology | |||||
| Telugu: [[Telugu script|'''ద'''య]] | pronounced as /[d̪aja]/ | 'Kindness' | Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts aspirated and unaspirated forms. Aspirated form articulated as breathy consonant. | |||||
| Turkish: [[Turkish orthography|'''d'''al]] | pronounced as /[d̪äɫ]/ | 'twig' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Turkish phonology | |||||
| Ukrainian[3] | Ukrainian: [[Ukrainian alphabet|'''д'''ерево]]/Ukrainian: derevo | pronounced as /[ˈd̪ɛrɛβ̞ɔ]/ | 'tree' | Laminal denti-alveolar. See Ukrainian phonology | ||||
| [siɸætidæ] | 'as' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||||||
| Wu | / | pronounced as /[d̪ɑ̃]/ | 'the Tang dynasty' | |||||
| Zapotec | dan | pronounced as /[d̪aŋ]/ | 'countryside' | Laminal denti-alveolar. | ||||
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kabardian: [[Cyrillic script|'''д'''ахэ]]/daahė | pronounced as /[daːxa]/ | 'pretty' | |||||
| Assyrian | ܘܪܕܐ [[Syriac alphabet|wer'''d'''a]] | pronounced as /[wεrda]/] | 'flower' | Predominant in the Urmia, Jilu, Baz, Gawar and Nochiya dialects. Corresponds to pronounced as /link/ in other varieties. | |||
| ডাব/ḍab | pronounced as /[d̠ab]/ | 'green coconut' | True alveolar in eastern dialects, apical post-alveolar in western dialects. Usually transcribed in IPA as [{{IPA link|ɖ}}]. See Bengali phonology. | ||||
| Catalan; Valencian: [[Catalan orthography|sus'''d'''it]] | pronounced as /[sʊzˈd̻it̪]/ | 'said before' | Laminal alveolar. See Catalan phonology | ||||
| Czech: [[Czech orthography|'''d'''o]] | pronounced as /[do]/ | 'into' | See Czech phonology | ||||
| Dutch; Flemish: [[Dutch orthography|'''d'''ak]] | pronounced as /[dɑk]/ | 'roof' | See Dutch phonology | ||||
| Most speakers | pronounced as /[ˈdæʃ]/ | 'dash' | See English phonology | ||||
| Finnish: [[Finnish alphabet|si'''d'''os]] | pronounced as /[ˈsido̞s]/ | 'bond' | See Finnish phonology | ||||
| Greek, Modern (1453-);: [[Greek alphabet|'''ντ'''ροπή]] / [[Romanization of Greek|'''d'''ropí]] | pronounced as /[dro̞ˈpi]/ | 'shame' | See Modern Greek phonology | ||||
| Hebrew: [[Hebrew orthography|'''ד'''ואר]]|rtl=yes/ do'ar | pronounced as /[ˈdo̞.äʁ̞]/ | 'mail' | See Modern Hebrew phonology | ||||
| Hungarian: [[Hungarian orthography|a'''d'''ó]] | pronounced as /[ˈɒdoː]/ | 'tax' | See Hungarian phonology | ||||
| Kabardian: [[Cyrillic script|'''д'''ахэ]]/ daahė | pronounced as /[daːxa]/ | 'pretty' | ! colspan="2" | ||||
| Central Khmer: [[Khmer script|ដប]] / | pronounced as /[dɑp]/ | 'bottle' | |||||
| pronounced as /[ɐdɯl]/ | 'son' | See Korean phonology | |||||
| Kurdish | Northern | Kurdish: [[Kurdish alphabet|'''d'''iran]] | pronounced as /[dɪɾä:n]/ | 'tooth' | See Kurdish phonology | ||
| Central | Kurdish: [[Kurdish alphabet|ددان]]/ dadân | pronounced as /[dædä:n]/ | |||||
| Southern | Kurdish: [[Kurdish alphabet|دیان]]/dîân | pronounced as /[diːä:n]/ | |||||
| Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch: bru'''dd'''er | pronounced as /[ˈb̥ʀudɐ]/ | 'brother' | More often voiceless pronounced as /link/. See Luxembourgish phonology | ||||
| Malay | Standard (incl. Malaysian) | Malay: [[Malay alphabet|'''d'''ahan]] | pronounced as /[dähän]/ | 'branch' | See Malay phonology | ||
| Indonesian | |||||||
| Kelantan-Pattani | [dahɛː] | See Kelantan-Pattani Malay | |||||
| Maltese | Norwegian: [[Maltese alphabet|'''d'''ehen]] | pronounced as /[den]/ | 'wit' | ||||
| Tagalog: [[Filipino orthography|'''d'''alaga]] | pronounced as /[dɐˈlaɰɐ]/ | 'maiden' | See Tagalog phonology | ||||
| Thai | Thai: [[Thai alphabet|ดาว]]/ dāw | pronounced as /[daːw]/ | 'star' | ||||
| Welsh | diafol | [djavɔl] | 'devil' | See Welsh phonology | |||
| West Frisian | Western Frisian: '''d'''oarp''' | pronounced as /[ˈdwɑrp]/ | 'village' | ||||
| Sichuan Yi; Nuosu: [[Yi script|ꄿ]]/Sichuan Yi; Nuosu: [[Yi script|'''dd'''a]] | pronounced as /[da˧]/ | 'competent' | |||||
| 与那国 / dunan | pronounced as /[dunaŋ]/ | 'Yonaguni' | |||||
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic: [[Arabic orthography|'''د'''ين]]|rtl=yes/diin | pronounced as /[diːn]/ | 'religion' | Laminal denti-alveolar or alveolar, depending on the dialect. See Arabic phonology. | |||
| pronounced as /[doːn]/ | 'dawn' | Laminal denti-alveolar for some speakers, alveolar for other speakers. | ||||
| pronounced as /[dɔn]/ | ||||||
| pronounced as /[dɒːn]/ | ||||||
| German: [[German orthography|o'''d'''er]] | 'or' | |||||
| Norwegian: [[Norwegian alphabet|'''d'''ans]] | pronounced as /[d̻ɑns]/ | 'dance' | Partially voiced or fully voiceless pronounced as /link/. Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar. See Norwegian phonology | |||
| Persian: [[Persian alphabet|اداره]]|rtl=yes/edāre | pronounced as /[edaːre]/ | 'office' | Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and apical alveolar. See Persian phonology | |||
| Slovak: [[Slovak alphabet|'''d'''o]] | 'into' | Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar. See Slovak phonology | ||||
| Central Standard | Swedish: [[Swedish alphabet|'''d'''ag]] | pronounced as /[dɑːɡ]/ | 'day' | Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and alveolar, with the former being predominant. May be an approximant in casual speech. See Swedish phonology | ||
pronounced as /navigation/