| Ipa Symbol: | ʝ |
| Ipa Number: | 139 |
| Decimal: | 669 |
| X-Sampa: | j\ |
| Kirshenbaum: | C |
| Braille: | hh |
| Braille2: | j |
| Imagefile: | IPA Unicode 0x029D.svg |
| Above: | Voiced alveolo-palatal non-sibilant fricative |
| Ipa Symbol: | ɹ̠ʲ˔ |
| Ipa Symbol2: | ʝ˖ |
The voiced palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) that represents this sound is (IPA|ʝ) (crossed-tail j), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is j\. It is the non-sibilant equivalent of the voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.
In broad transcription, the symbol for the palatal approximant, (IPA|j), may be used for the sake of simplicity.
The voiced palatal fricative is a very rare sound, occurring in only 7 of the 317 languages surveyed by the original UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database. In Dutch, Kabyle, Margi, Modern Greek, and Scottish Gaelic, the sound occurs phonemically, along with its voiceless counterpart, and in several more, the sound occurs as a result of phonological processes.
To produce this sound, the tip of the tongue is placed against the roof of the mouth behind the upper front teeth; then, while exhaling, the space between the tongue and the palate is narrowed, creating a friction-like sound similar to the (s) sound (IPA: pronounced as /[ʒ]/) in the English word English: lei'''s'''ure.
There is also the voiced post-palatal fricative[1] in some languages, which is articulated slightly more back compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical voiced palatal fricative but not as back as the prototypical voiced velar fricative. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, but it can be transcribed as (IPA|ʝ̠), (IPA|ʝ˗) (both symbols denote a retracted (IPA|ʝ)), (IPA|ɣ̟) or (IPA|ɣ˖) (both symbols denote an advanced (IPA|ɣ)). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are j\_- and G_+, respectively.
Especially in broad transcription, the voiced post-palatal fricative may be transcribed as a palatalized voiced velar fricative ((IPA|ɣʲ) in the IPA, G' or G_j in X-SAMPA).
Features of the voiced palatal fricative:
The otherwise identical post-palatal variant is articulated slightly behind the hard palate, making it sound slightly closer to the velar pronounced as /link/.
| Language | Word | Meaning | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asturian; Bable; Leonese; Asturleonese: fra'''y'''ar | pronounced as /[fɾäˈʝär]/ | 'to destroy' | ||||
| Burmese | Allophone of pronounced as //j//, particularly word initially. | |||||
| Catalan; Valencian: [[Catalan orthography|fi'''gu'''era]] | pronounced as /[fiˈʝeɾə]/ | 'fig tree' | Occurs in complementary distribution with pronounced as /link/. Corresponds to pronounced as /link/ in other varieties. See Catalan phonology | |||
| Standard | Danish: [[Danish alphabet|tal'''g''']] | pronounced as /[ˈtʰælˀʝ]/ | 'tallow' | Possible word-final allophone of pronounced as //j// when it occurs after pronounced as //l//. See Danish phonology | ||
| Standard | Dutch; Flemish: [[Dutch orthography|'''j'''a]] | pronounced as /[ʝaː]/ | 'yes' | Frequent allophone of pronounced as //j//, especially in emphatic speech. See Dutch phonology | ||
| German: [[German orthography|'''J'''acke]] | pronounced as /[ˈʝäkə]/ | 'jacket' | Most often transcribed in IPA with (IPA|j); also described as an approximant pronounced as /link/ and a sound variable between a fricative and an approximant. See Standard German phonology | |||
| Standard | Greek, Modern (1453-);: '''γει'''α | pronounced as /[ʝɐ]/ | 'hi' | |||
| Greek, Modern (1453-);: ε'''λι'''ά | pronounced as /[e̞ˈʝːɐ]/ | 'olive' | Allophone of pronounced as //ʎ// | |||
| Hungarian: [[Hungarian alphabet|dob'''j''' be]] | pronounced as /[dobʝ bɛ]/ | 'throw in' | An allophone of pronounced as //j//. See Hungarian phonology | |||
| Irish: [[Irish orthography|an '''gh'''rian]] | pronounced as /[ənʲ ˈʝɾʲiən̪ˠ]/ | 'the sun' | See Irish phonology | |||
| Southern dialects | Italian: [[Italian orthography|fi'''gli'''o]] | pronounced as /[ˈfiʝːo]/ | 'son' | Corresponds to pronounced as //ʎ// in standard Italian. See Italian phonology | ||
| Kabyle: [[Berber Latin alphabet|cce'''ǥ''']] | pronounced as /[ʃʃəʝ]/ | 'to slip' | ||||
| Korean: [[Hangul|사향노루]] / Korean: [[Revised Romanization of Korean|sa'''hy'''angnoru]] | pronounced as /[sɐʝɐŋnoɾu]/ | 'Siberian musk deer' | The sound is sometimes heard by people when /h/ is between voiced and combined with /i/, /t/ and /j/, See Korean phonology | |||
| Lithuanian: [[Lithuanian orthography|'''j'''i]] | pronounced as /[ʝɪ]/ | 'she' | Most often transcribed in IPA with (IPA|j); also described as an approximant pronounced as /link/. See Lithuanian phonology | |||
| Margi | Contrasts /ɟ, ᶮɟ, ç, ʝ, j, j̰, ɣ/. | |||||
| Mapudungun; Mapuche: [[Mapudungun alphabet|ka'''y'''u]] | pronounced as /[kɜˈʝʊ]/ | 'six' | This phoneme corresponds to the letter Y in Mapudungün. See Mapuche language | |||
| Norwegian: [[Norwegian alphabet|'''g'''i]] | pronounced as /[ʝiː]/ | 'to give' | Allophone of pronounced as //j//, especially before and after close vowels and in energetic speech. See Norwegian phonology | |||
| pronounced as /[muʝ]/ | 'we' | |||||
| Wardak dialect | ||||||
| zei'''j'''e | pronounced as /[ˈt͡sɛʝə]/ | 'to show' | ||||
| Russian: [[Russian alphabet|'''я'''ма]] | pronounced as /[ˈʝämə]/ | 'pit' | Allophone of pronounced as //j// in emphatic speech. See Russian phonology | |||
| Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic: [[Scottish Gaelic alphabet|'''dhi'''ubh]] | pronounced as /[ʝu]/ | 'of them' | See Scottish Gaelic phonology | |||
| Spanish; Castilian: [[Spanish orthography|sa'''y'''o]] | pronounced as /[ˈsäʝo̞]/ | 'smock' | May also be represented by (ll) in many dialects. See Spanish phonology and Yeísmo | |||
| Swedish: [[Swedish alphabet|'''j'''ord]] | 'soil' | Allophone of pronounced as //j//. See Swedish phonology | ||||
| Middle Vietnamese[2] | Gió [] | pronounced as /[ʝɔ<sup>B1</sup>]/ (Tonkinese dialect) | 'wind' | See Middle Vietnamese phonology | ||
| Language | Word | Meaning | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belarusian: [[Belarusian alphabet|'''г'''еаграфія]] | pronounced as /[ɣ̟e.äˈɣɾäfʲijä]/ | 'geography' | Typically transcribed in IPA with (IPA|ɣʲ). See Belarusian phonology | ||
| Dutch; Flemish: [[Dutch orthography|'''g'''aan]] | pronounced as /[ɣ̟aːn]/ | 'to go' | May be velar pronounced as /link/ instead. See Dutch phonology | ||
| Southern accents | |||||
| German: [[German orthography|'''R'''iese]] | pronounced as /[ˈɣ̟iːzə]/ | 'giant' | Allophone of the fricative pronounced as //ʁ// before and after front vowels. See Standard German phonology | ||
| Greek, Modern (1453-);: [[Greek orthography|'''γ'''ένος]] | 'gender' | See Modern Greek phonology | |||
| Weert dialect | Limburgan; Limburger; Limburgish: '''g'''èr''' | pronounced as /[ɣ̟ɛ̈ːʀ̝̊]/ | 'gladly' | Allophone of pronounced as //ɣ// before and after front vowels. See Weert dialect phonology | |
| Lithuanian: [[Lithuanian orthography|'''Hi'''ustonas]] | pronounced as /[ˈɣ̟ʊs̪t̪ɔn̪ɐs̪]/ | 'Houston' | Very rare; typically transcribed in IPA with (IPA|ɣʲ). See Lithuanian phonology | ||
| Standard | Russian: [[Russian alphabet|други'''х''' гимнов]] | pronounced as /[d̪rʊˈɡ̟ɪɣ̟ ˈɡ̟imn̪əf]/ | 'of other anthems' | Allophone of pronounced as //x// before voiced soft consonants; typically transcribed in IPA with (IPA|ɣʲ). The example also illustrates pronounced as /link/. See Russian phonology | |
| Southern | Russian: [[Russian alphabet|'''г'''имн]] | pronounced as /[ɣ̟imn̪]/ | 'anthem' | Typically transcribed in IPA with (IPA|ɣʲ); corresponds to pronounced as /link/ in standard Russian. See Russian phonology | |
pronounced as /navigation/