Voiced epiglottal trill explained

Above:	Voiced pharyngeal trill (voiced epiglottal fricative)
Ipa Symbol:	ʢ
Ipa Number:	174
Decimal:	674
X-Sampa:	<\
Braille:	35
Imagefile:	IPA Unicode 0x02A2.svg

The voiced epiglottal or pharyngeal trill, or voiced epiglottal fricative,^[1] is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is (IPA|ʢ).

Few languages distinguish between pharyngeal and epiglottal fricatives/trills, and in fact the fricatives in Arabic are routinely described as "pharyngeal". However, according to Peter Ladefoged, the Aghul spoken in the village of Burkikhan, Dagestan has both (as well as an epiglottal stop), as presented in these audio files.

Features

Features of the voiced epiglottal trill/fricative:

Occurrence

Language		Word		Meaning	Notes
	Richa dialect^[2]		pronounced as /[ʢakʷ]/	'light'
	Iraqi^[3]	Arabic: عَاف	[ʢaːf]	'he left'	Corresponds to pronounced as //ʕ// (Arabic: [[ayin#Arabic ʿayn|ﻉ]]) in Standard Arabic and other varieties. See Arabic phonology
Siwa^[4]			pronounced as /[arˤbˤəʢa]/	'four'

See also

• Index of phonetics articles

External links

pronounced as /navigation/

Notes and References

1. John Esling (2010) "Phonetic Notation", in Hardcastle, Laver & Gibbon (eds) The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences, 2nd ed., p 695.
2. Kodzasov . S. V. . Pharyngeal Features in the Daghestan Languages . Proceedings of the Eleventh International Congress of Phonetic Sciences . Tallinn, Estonia . August 1–7, 1987 . 142–144.
3. Zeki . Hassan . John . Esling . Scott . Moisik . Lise . Crevier-Buchman . 2011 . Aryepiglottic trilled variants of /ʕ, ħ/ in Iraqi Arabic . Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences . 831–834 . Hong Kong.
4. Web site: Christfried . Naumann . Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology . Leipzig, Germany . June 26, 2009 . Siwa . https://web.archive.org/web/20191112175246/https://mpi-lingweb.shh.mpg.de/numeral/Siwa.htm . 2019-11-12 .