Võ Văn Thưởng Explained

Võ Văn Thưởng
Order:12th
Office:President of Vietnam
Term Start:2 March 2023
Term End:21 March 2024
Primeminister:Phạm Minh Chính
Vicepresident:Võ Thị Ánh Xuân
Predecessor:Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
Successor:Tô Lâm
Office2:Permanent Member of the Party Central Committee's Secretariat
Term Start2:5 February 2021
Term End2:6 March 2023
Predecessor2:Trần Quốc Vượng
Successor2:Trương Thị Mai
1Namedata2:Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Office3:Head of the Party Propaganda Department
Term Start3:4 February 2016
Term End3:19 February 2021
1Namedata3:Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Predecessor3:Đinh Thế Huynh
Successor3:Nguyễn Trọng Nghĩa
Office4:Member of the Politburo
Term Start4:27 January 2016
Term End4:20 March 2024
Office5:Member of the Party Central Committee
Term Start5:19 January 2011
Term End5:20 March 2024
Office6:First Secretary of the Communist Youth Union
Term Start6:29 July 2006
Term End6:11 August 2011
Predecessor6:Đào Ngọc Dung
Successor6:Nguyễn Đắc Vinh
Office7:President of the Vietnam Youth Federation
Term Start7:29 February 2008
Term End7:27 April 2010
Predecessor7:Nông Quốc Tuấn
Birth Date:13 December 1970
Birth Place:Hải Dương, North Vietnam
Spouse:Phan Thị Thanh Tâm
Alma Mater:University of Hồ Chí Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City University of Social Sciences and Humanities
Hồ Chí Minh National Academy of Politics
Signature:Vo Van Thuong’s signature.jpg
Successor7:Nguyễn Phước Lộc

Võ Văn Thưởng (pronounced as /vi/; born 13 December 1970) is a Vietnamese politician who served as the 12th president of Vietnam from March 2023 to March 2024, being the youngest person to serve in this position since the country's reunification at the age of 52. His resignation after just over one year in office amidst the Communist Party's anti-corruption campaign made him the shortest-serving president in Vietnamese history.[1] [2]

Thưởng is a member of the Communist Party of Vietnam, holding a master's degree in philosophy and an advanced diploma in political theory. He was a member of the 12th, 14th and 15th National Assembly of Vietnam, and a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 2011 until his resignation in 2024.[3]

Prior to entering the Politburo, he had served as Standing Deputy Party Secretary of Ho Chi Minh City; Party Secretary of Quang Ngai Province; Standing Secretary and First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, and Chairman of the Vietnam Youth Federation.[4]

Võ Văn Thưởng first joined the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam in 2016 after the 12th National Congress, at that time he had just turned 45 years old, becoming the youngest member of the Politburo at that time. He held the position of Head of the Central Propaganda Department from 2016 to 2021. He continued to be re-elected for the 13th term of the Politburo and became Permanent Member of the Secretariat from 2021 to 2023. He is also regarded as a close ally and a potential successor of General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Nguyễn Phú Trọng.

Võ Văn Thưởng became the 12th President of Vietnam on 2 March 2023 after a month and a half, former President Nguyễn Xuân Phúc resigned due to political responsibility due to Phúc's subordinates being caught up in a series of corruption scandals. As the country's head of state, Thưởng was the second highest official in Vietnam after General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng.[5] [6] Thưởng left many diplomatic marks during his term, including a historic meeting with Pope Francis. On 21 March 2024, he resigned after a series of his former subordinates in Quang Ngai province were arrested in a major corruption case.

Early life and education

Võ Văn Thưởng was born on 13 December 1970 in Hải Dương, North Vietnam.[7] His family left the South during the Vietnam War. In 1988, he majored in Marxist–Leninist Philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Ho Chi Minh City. In 1992, he graduated with a Bachelor of Philosophy in Marxism–Leninism. After that, he pursued a master's degree in philosophy at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, and received a Master of Philosophy in 1999. On 18 November 1993, he was admitted to the Communist Party of Vietnam and became an official member on 18 November 1994. He also attended courses at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, receiving an advanced degree in political theory.[8]

Career

Early career

University career

In 1992, the year he graduated from university, he was elected as Deputy Secretary of the Youth Union of the General University of Ho Chi Minh City. In 1993, he became the Vice Head of the Professional University Committee of the Ho Chi Minh City Youth Union.[9] In October 1996, he was elected to the Standing Committee of Ho Chi Minh City Youth Union, and held the position of Head of the Professional University Committee of Ho Chi Minh City Youth Union.[10]

Communist Youth Union

In October 1995, he continued to work for the Youth Union, while concurrently holding the position of Vice Chairman and General Secretary of the Ho Chi Minh City Students' Association, a newly established body,[9] and Secretary of the Central Committee of the Vietnam Students' Association. On 26 November 1997, at the National Youth Union Congress, he was elected a member of the 7th Central Committee of the Youth Union. He was assigned to be a Party member, Secretary of the Personnel Committee of the Ho Chi Minh City National University Union. In January 2000, he became the Chairman of the Ho Chi Minh City Students' Association for the second term and was elected Vice Chairman of the Vietnam Students' Association.[11] [9] In May 2001, he took office as Deputy Secretary of Ho Chi Minh City Youth Union. In November 2002, he was appointed Chairman of the Ho Chi Minh City Youth Union.[9] In March 2003, he was the Secretary of the Ho Chi Minh City Youth Federation and was elected to be a Member of the Ho Chi Minh City Party Committee from October 2003. He held this position until 2004, succeeded by Tat Thanh Cang.[12]

From 8 to 11 December 2002, at the National Youth Union Congress in Hanoi, Võ Văn Thưởng was elected a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union. In December 2004, Võ Văn Thưởng was appointed Secretary of the Party Committee of District 12, Ho Chi Minh City.[9] On 24 April 2006, at the National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, he was elected as an alternate member of the 10th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam.[13] In October 2006, he was appointed by the Politburo to be the Standing Secretary of the Central Committee of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union.[9] He was also elected as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, succeeding Dao Ngoc Dung in January 2007.[14] In December 2007, he was elected as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union in the 9th Congress of the Youth Union, as well as the Chairman of the National Committee on Youth of Vietnam. On 29 February 2008, at the 5th Conference of the Central Committee of the Vietnam Youth Federation, Võ Văn Thưởng was elected as the 5th President of the Vietnam Youth Federation.[15]

Provincial career

Võ Văn Thưởng was elected as a member of the 5th Ho Chi Minh City People's Council (term 1999 – 2004). In July 2007, he was elected as a member of the 12th National Assembly (2007–2011) in Vinh Long province.[16]

On 18 January 2011, at the 11th Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Võ Văn Thưởng was elected as a full member of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (2011–2016).[17] In August 2011, he was assigned by the Politburo to hold the position of Secretary of the Quang Ngai Provincial Party Committee.[18]

On 15 April 2014, he became the Vice Standing Secretary of the Ho Chi Minh City Party Committee, 9th tenure (2010–2015), replacing Nguyen Van Dua, also a former Secretary of the Ho Chi Minh City Youth Union. On 17 October 2015, he was re-elected as Vice Standing Secretary of the Ho Chi Minh City Party Committee.[19]

Entering national politics

On 26 January 2016, at the 12th National Party Congress, Võ Văn Thưởng was elected a member of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam.[20] On 27 January 2016, he was elected to the Politburo by the 12th Central Committee, the youngest member of the 12th Politburo, at the age of 46.[21] On 4 February 2016, he resigned from the position of Permanent Deputy Secretary of the Ho Chi Minh City Party Committee, resigned from the Standing Committee of the City Party Committee, and was instead assigned by the Politburo to become a member of the Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam,[22] and hold the position of Head of the Central Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of Vietnam.[23] On 22 May 2016, he was elected as a member of the 14th National Assembly (2016–2021) in constituency No. 01 of Đồng Nai Province including Bien Hoa city and districts: Long Thanh, Nhon Trach, with 676,517 votes, or 68.41% of total valid votes.

Standing Secretaryship

On 30 January 2021, at the 13th National Party Congress, he was elected as a full member of the 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam.[24] On 31 January, at the first plenum of the 13th Party Central Committee, he was elected to the Politburo of the 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam.[25] On 6 February, he was appointed the standing secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee's Secretariat.[26]

Introduction as President

At the extraordinary meeting of the Party Central Committee on 1 March 2023, he was introduced as President to succeed Nguyễn Xuân Phúc after Phúc resigned to take political reéponsibility due to a series of corruption scandals.[27] After Phúc's resignation, Thưởng was considered one of the brightest candidates for the position of President. [28]

Presidency

See also: 2023 Vietnamese presidential election. On 2 March, the National Assembly passed a resolution to elect Võ Văn Thưởng as Vietnam's new president under CPV General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng, replacing Nguyễn Xuân Phúc who resigned due to corruption scandals.[29] [30] He became Vietnam's youngest president since its reunification at the age of 52.[31] [32] [33] On 23 April 2023, he became the President of the Vietnam Red Cross Society [34] Thưởng is considered as a close ally of general secretary Trọng, having risen under the anti-corruption campaign pursued by Nguyễn Phú Trọng.[35]

Internal

Order of the President

Opinions of the Court

On 27 March 2023, Võ Văn Thưởng had a working session with the leaders of Supreme People's Court. He emphasized that building a judicial procedure institution with trial centered, litigation is a breakthrough: No matter how much science and technology develops, it cannot replace bravery and brain, the heart of the judge, the people's juror during the trial, because the object of the court's trial is human"', he said.[38] On July 14, 2023, Thưởng appointed Nguyen Hong Nam as Judge of the Supreme People's Court.[39]

Foreign Affairs

2023

On 3 April, Governor-General of Australia David Hurley and his wife visited Vietnam at the invitation of President Thuong,[40] Hurley's state visit is the first by a foreign head of state to Vietnam in 2023 and the first state guest that Thưởng received as president.[41]

On 10 April, Thuong made his first overseas visit to neighboring Laos. During his visit, Thuong met with current and former politicians of Laos, and the two countries reiterated to constantly strengthen and develop mutual trust between them.[42]

On 4 May, Vo Van Thuong traveled to the United Kingdom to attend the Coronation of Charles III and Camilla on May 6, 2023.[43]

On 22 June, at the invitation of President Thuong, President of South Korea Yoon Suk Yeol and his wife visited Vietnam. This is Yoon's first visit to Vietnam and Vietnam is also the first Southeast Asian country that Yoon has visited.[44] The visit brought many special marks in the first year the two countries implemented the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Accompanying Yoon to visit Vietnam, there were 205 Korean businesses affirming that Vietnam is an attractive destination for foreign investment. [45] These businesses belong to many fields such as distribution, finance, law, healthcare, information technology, and service sectors. Accompanying were the presidents of the top 5 Korean corporations including Samsung Electronics, SK, Hyundai Motor, LG and Lotte.[46]

On 28 July, Thuong travelled to the Vatican City where he met with Pope Francis. During his meeting with the Pope, an agreement was concluded in Vietnam allowing the Holy See to install a permanent resident papal representative in the country. On 23 December 2023, Polish archbishop Marek Zalewski, who is the Apostolic Nuncio to Singapore and non-residential papal representative to Vietnam, was appointed as permanent resident papal representative to Vietnam.[47] [48]

On 11 September, U.S. president Joe Biden traveled to Vietnam, with the Vietnamese government upgrading the relationship between the countries to that of a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership on its 22nd anniversary of the September 11 attacks.[49] [50] At the meeting with Biden, President Thưởng presented a book titled “Một con người, một con đường và một lịch sử: HỒ CHÍ MINH – THƯ GỬI NƯỚC MỸ” (One person, one path and one history: Ho Chi Minh – Letters to America) published by Writers Association Publishing House. Afterwards, Thưởng attended the third Belt and Road Forum in China and the APEC Conference 2023 in the United States, where he gave a speech and met leaders of different countries and businesses.[51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57]

On 23 October, Thuong attended the third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in Beijing, China. At the sidelines of the forum, he met with President of China Xi Jinping and Prime Minister of Cambodia Hun Manet.[58] [59]

On 27 November, he made a four-day trip to Japan at the invitation of Emperor Naruhito to meet Prime Minister Fumio Kishida. The two leaders agreed to issue a Joint Statement on upgrading the two countries' relationship to a comprehensive Strategic Partnership for peace and prosperity in Asia and the world. The joint statement affirms the desire of the two countries to promote cooperation in all fields to new heights and expand into new areas of cooperation. Thereby, Japan became the 6th country to establish a comprehensive Strategic Partnership with Vietnam. The two leaders also reaffirmed their commitment to stepping up efforts to resolve remaining difficulties in the implementation of Japan's ODA projects.[60] On 13 December 2023, he met again with Xi Jinping during the latter's visit to Vietnam. The two leaders emphasized the success of the talks between General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong and Xi with many important common perceptions, the new positioning of Vietnam-China relations and the 6 pillars of cooperation agreed upon by the two General Secretaries. The establishment letter clearly pointed out the direction, opening up a period of good cooperation between the two Parties and two countries in the new era.[61]

2024

On 23 January, German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier and his spouse arrived in Hanoi as part of their two-day state visit to Vietnam at the invitation of President Thuong and his spouse. This is the first foreign visit of the German president in 2024 and the first high-level delegation exchange between the two countries ahead of the 50th founding anniversary of bilateral diplomatic relations in 2025.[62]

Resignation

On 20 March 2024, the Party Central Committee accepted his resignation as president, member of the Politburo and member of the Party Central Committee due to his negative reactions.[63] The committee said that the president committed "violations" that had “left a bad mark on the reputation of the Communist Party.”[64] He was succeeded as acting President by Võ Thị Ánh Xuân on 21 March.[65]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2024-03-20 . Vietnam President Quits in Fresh Sign of Leadership Turmoil . 2024-03-20 . .
  2. Web site: Vietnam's President Vo Van Thuong resigns amid anticorruption campaign . 2024-03-20 . Al Jazeera . en . 20 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240320200814/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/20/vietnams-president-vo-van-thuong-resigns-amid-anti-corruption-campaign . live .
  3. Web site: 18 February 2016. Hồ sơ ấn tượng của tân Trưởng ban Tuyên giáo Trung ương Võ Văn Thưởng. https://web.archive.org/web/20210306023544/https://baodansinh.vn/ho-so-an-tuong-cua-tan-truong-ban-tuyen-giao-tu-vo-van-thuong-26546.htm. 6 March 2021. 12 January 2021. Báo Dân sinh.
  4. Web site: Tiểu sử Đồng chí Võ Văn Thưởng . https://web.archive.org/web/20210226071518/https://tulieuvankien.dangcongsan.vn/ban-chap-hanh-trung-uong-dang/bo-chinh-tri/khoa-xii/dong-chi-vo-van-thuong-182 . 26 February 2021 . 12 January 2021 . Tư liệu Văn kiện Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam.
  5. Web site: Ông Võ Văn Thưởng làm Chủ tịch nước . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230302031938/https://vnexpress.net/ong-vo-van-thuong-lam-chu-tich-nuoc-4576464.html . 2 March 2023 . 2 March 2023 . VnExpress.
  6. News: 2023-03-02 . Vietnam parliament elects Võ Văn Thưởng as new state president . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230302201335/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/vietnam-parliament-elects-vo-van-thuong-new-state-president-2023-03-02/ . 2 March 2023 . 2023-03-02 . Reuters . en.
  7. Web site: 14 January 2007. Anh Võ Văn Thưởng được bầu làm bí thư thứ nhất Trung ương Đoàn. https://web.archive.org/web/20210224134732/https://tuoitre.vn/anh-vo-van-thuong-duoc-bau-lam-bi-thu-thu-nhat-trung-uong-doan-182518.htm. 24 February 2021. 9 October 2020. Tuổi Trẻ.
  8. Web site: 5 February 2016. Tiểu sử Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị khóa XII Võ Văn Thưởng. https://web.archive.org/web/20210224160104/https://www.tienphong.vn/xa-hoi/tieu-su-uy-vien-bo-chinh-tri-khoa-xii-vo-van-thuong-967731.tpo. 24 February 2021. 12 January 2021. Báo Tiền phong.
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  10. Web site: 21 December 2007. Anh Võ Văn Thưởng được bầu làm Bí thư thứ nhất BCH T.Ư Đoàn khoá IX. https://web.archive.org/web/20210306023847/http://www.thanhdoan.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/ThanhDoan/webtd/News/5702. 6 March 2021. 10 September 2020. Thành Đoàn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Báo Tiền Phong.
  11. Web site: 21 December 2007. Anh Võ Văn Thưởng được bầu làm Bí thư thứ nhất BCH T.Ư Đoàn khoá IX. https://web.archive.org/web/20210306023847/http://www.thanhdoan.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/ThanhDoan/webtd/News/5702. 6 March 2021. 12 January 2021. Thành Đoàn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
  12. Web site: Điều động ông Võ Văn Thưởng về TƯ Đoàn. 7 July 2008. VnExpress. 28 March 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100328235057/http://www.vnexpress.net/GL/Xa%2Dhoi/2006/08/3B9ED9AB/. dead.
  13. Web site: 24 April 2006. Danh sách Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng khóa X. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171130174533/https://www.tienphong.vn/xa-hoi/danh-sach-ban-chap-hanh-trung-uong-dang-khoa-x-44946.tpo. 30 November 2017. 1 December 2017. Báo Tiền phong.
  14. Web site: Bầu ông Võ Văn Thưởng làm Bí thư thứ nhất TƯ Đoàn. C.M. 13 January 2007. Vietnamnet. https://web.archive.org/web/20210218100449/https://vietnamnet.vn/chinhtri/2007/01/653546/. 18 February 2021. 7 July 2008.
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  16. Web site: Danh sách Đại biểu Quốc hội khóa XII . https://web.archive.org/web/20120317053935/http://dbqh.na.gov.vn/XII/Daibieu.aspx . 17 March 2012 . 6 September 2012 . Quốc hội Việt Nam.
  17. Web site: Nhóm phóng viên. 18 January 2011. Công bố 200 ủy viên trung ương khóa XI. https://web.archive.org/web/20210228021156/https://vnexpress.net/cong-bo-200-uy-vien-trung-uong-khoa-xi-2185735.html. 28 February 2021. 1 December 2017. VnExpress.
  18. Web site: 11 August 2011. Ông Võ Văn Thưởng giữ chức Bí thư Tỉnh ủy Quảng Ngãi. https://web.archive.org/web/20210223171046/https://ndh.vn/vi-mo/ong-vo-van-thuong-giu-chuc-bi-thu-tinh-uy-quang-ngai-1036476.html. 23 February 2021. 12 January 2021. Người đồng hành.
  19. Web site: 17 October 2015. 4 Phó Bí thư Thành ủy TPHCM khóa X. https://web.archive.org/web/20210208005020/https://www.tienphong.vn/xa-hoi/chan-dung-bon-pho-bi-thu-thanh-uy-tphcm-khoa-x-922332.tpo. 8 February 2021. 12 January 2021. Báo Tiền phong.
  20. Web site: LƯU TRỮ: BAN CHẤP HÀNH TRUNG ƯƠNG . https://web.archive.org/web/20210221020245/https://tulieuvankien.dangcongsan.vn/ban-chap-hanh-trung-uong-dang/ban-chap-hanh-trung-uong-dang/khoa-xii . 21 February 2021 . 9 November 2020 . Tư liệu văn kiện Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam.
  21. Web site: 28 January 2016 . Công bố danh sách Bộ Chính trị khóa 12: Nhiều gương mặt mới . https://web.archive.org/web/20210219142223/https://vneconomy.vn/thoi-su/cong-bo-danh-sach-bo-chinh-tri-khoa-12-nhieu-guong-mat-moi-20160127061911648.htm . 19 February 2021 . 7 January 2021 . VNeconomy.
  22. Web site: 5 February 2016 . Quyết định của Bộ Chính trị về việc phân công Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị, Ủy viên Ban Bí thư khóa XII . https://web.archive.org/web/20210226035742/https://nhandan.com.vn/tin-tuc-su-kien/quyet-dinh-cua-bo-chinh-tri-ve-viec-phan-cong-uy-vien-bo-chinh-tri-uy-vien-ban-bi-thu-khoa-xii-254884/ . 26 February 2021 . 11 January 2021 . Nhân Dân.
  23. Web site: 28 January 2016 . Bộ Chính trị và Ban Bí thư Ban Chấp hành Trung ương khóa XII . https://web.archive.org/web/20210210144203/https://nhandan.com.vn/tin-tuc-su-kien/bo-chinh-tri-va-ban-bi-thu-ban-chap-hanh-trung-uong-khoa-xii-254086/ . 10 February 2021 . 11 January 2021 . Nhân Dân.
  24. Web site: 30 January 2021. Danh sách 200 Ủy viên Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng khoá XIII. https://web.archive.org/web/20210227054327/https://vtv.vn/chinh-tri/truc-tiep-cong-bo-danh-sach-200-uy-vien-ban-chap-hanh-trung-uong-dang-khoa-xiii-20210130205141646.htm. 27 February 2021. 30 January 2021. Vietnam Television.
  25. Web site: 31 January 2021. Công bố danh sách Bộ Chính trị và Ban Bí thư khóa XIII. https://web.archive.org/web/20210225084540/https://tuoitre.vn/cong-bo-danh-sach-bo-chinh-tri-va-ban-bi-thu-khoa-xiii-20210131133406766.htm. 25 February 2021. 31 January 2021. Tuổi Trẻ.
  26. Web site: 6 February 2021. Tổng Bí thư, Chủ tịch nước Nguyễn Phú Trọng trao quyết định phân công Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị. https://web.archive.org/web/20210226012658/http://baochinhphu.vn/Hoat-dong-cua-lanh-dao-Dang-Nha-nuoc/Tong-Bi-thu-Chu-tich-nuoc-Nguyen-Phu-Trong-trao-quyet-dinh-phan-cong-Uy-vien-Bo-Chinh-tri/422450.vgp. 26 February 2021. 6 February 2021. Báo điện tử Chính phủ.
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  28. Web site: Việt Nam: Trung ương Đảng sắp họp để chọn tân Chủ tịch nước. 25 February 2023. BBC News Tiếng Việt. 5 March 2024. 19 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230319072032/https://www.bbc.com/vietnamese/articles/c29j1n44xepo. live.
  29. Web site: VnExpress . Võ Văn Thưởng elected Vietnam's President . 2023-03-02 . VnExpress International . en . 2 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230302035317/https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/vo-van-thuong-elected-vietnam-s-president-4576467.html . live .
  30. News: Onishi . Tomoya . 2 March 2023 . Vietnam's parliament elects Thuong as new president . . 3 June 2023 . 2 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230602172817/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Vietnam-s-parliament-elects-Thuong-as-new-president . live .
  31. Web site: Vietnam elects Võ Văn Thưởng as new president . 2023-03-02 . www.aa.com.tr . 9 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230609182438/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/vietnam-elects-vo-van-thuong-as-new-president/2835063 . live .
  32. Web site: Ông Võ Văn Thưởng- Chủ tịch nước trẻ nhất trong lịch sử tuyên thệ nhậm chức . 2023-03-02 . Dân Việt . 2 March 2023 . vi . 2 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230302043717/https://danviet.vn/ong-vo-van-thuong-chu-tich-nuoc-tre-nhat-trong-lich-su-tuyen-the-nham-chuc-20230302100425346.htm . live .
  33. Web site: 2023-03-02 . Infographic: Sơ lược tiểu sử Chủ tịch nước trẻ nhất lịch sử Võ Văn Thưởng . 2023-03-02 . Báo giao thông . vietnamese . 2 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230302175858/https://www.baogiaothong.vn/infographic-so-luoc-tieu-su-chu-tich-nuoc-tre-nhat-lich-su-vo-van-thuong-d583320.html . live .
  34. Web site: 22 April 2023 . Vo Van Thuong became the President of the Vietnam Red Cross Society . Thanh Nien News . 23 April 2023 . 23 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230423230134/https://thanhnien.vn/chu-tich-nuoc-vo-van-thuong-keu-goi-chung-tay-vi-nguoi-ngheo-185230423142716585.htm . live .
  35. News: Onishi . Tomoya . 3 March 2023 . New Vietnam president moves party chief Trong closer to one-man rule . . 3 June 2023 . 2 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230602172813/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/New-Vietnam-president-moves-party-chief-Trong-closer-to-one-man-rule . live .
  36. Web site: Công bố Lệnh của Chủ tịch nước về pháp lệnh xử phạt hành chính lĩnh vực kiểm toán . 2023-03-16 . BÁO ĐIỆN TỬ ĐẢNG CỘNG SẢN VIỆT NAM . 26 July 2023 . 12 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230512140154/https://dangcongsan.vn/phap-luat/cong-bo-lenh-cua-chu-tich-nuoc-ve-phap-lenh-xu-phat-hanh-chinh-linh-vuc-kiem-toan-633666.html . live .
  37. Web site: Công bố lệnh của Chủ tịch nước về 8 luật vừa được Quốc hội thông qua . 2023-07-17 . BÁO ĐIỆN TỬ ĐẢNG CỘNG SẢN VIỆT NAM . 26 July 2023 . 21 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230721143129/https://dangcongsan.vn/thoi-su/cong-bo-lenh-cua-chu-tich-nuoc-ve-8-luat-vua-duoc-quoc-hoi-thong-qua-641978.html . live .
  38. Web site: Chủ tịch nước Võ Văn Thưởng: Xét xử không được để xảy ra oan, giảm tối đa tình trạng sai . 2023-03-27 . Tuổi trẻ online . 26 July 2023 . 1 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230601061701/https://tuoitre.vn/chu-tich-nuoc-vo-van-thuong-xet-xu-khong-duoc-de-xay-ra-oan-giam-toi-da-tinh-trang-sai-20230327141946397.htm . live .
  39. Web site: Chủ tịch nước trao Quyết định bổ nhiệm Thẩm phán Tòa án nhân dân tối cao . 2023-07-14 . VOV . 26 July 2023 . 18 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230718141718/https://vov.vn/chinh-tri/chu-tich-nuoc-trao-quyet-dinh-bo-nhiem-tham-phan-toa-an-nhan-dan-toi-cao-post1032675.vov . live .
  40. Web site: 2023-04-04. Sáng nay, Chủ tịch nước và Phu nhân chủ trì lễ đón Toàn quyền Australia. VOV. 26 July 2023. 18 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230418034102/https://vov.vn/chinh-tri/sang-nay-chu-tich-nuoc-va-phu-nhan-chu-tri-le-don-toan-quyen-australia-post1011619.vov. live.
  41. Web site: Toàn quyền Australia bắt đầu chuyến thăm cấp Nhà nước tới Việt Nam. 2023-04-04. VTV. 26 July 2023. 17 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230417231330/https://vtv.vn/chinh-tri/toan-quyen-australia-bat-dau-chuyen-tham-cap-nha-nuoc-toi-viet-nam-20230404065313256.htm. live.
  42. Web site: President Vo Van Thuong wraps up official visit to Laos. Voice of Vietnam. 2023-04-11. 2024-01-10. 10 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240110064651/https://vovworld.vn/en-US/news/president-vo-van-thuong-wraps-up-official-visit-to-laos-1190482.vov. live.
  43. Web site: Chủ tịch nước đến London, bắt đầu chương trình dự lễ đăng quang Nhà vua Anh. 2023-05-05. Báo Lao động. 26 July 2023. 6 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230506133444/https://laodong.vn/thoi-su/chu-tich-nuoc-den-london-bat-dau-chuong-trinh-du-le-dang-quang-nha-vua-anh-1188301.ldo. live.
  44. Web site: Ba ngày Tổng thống Hàn Quốc thăm Việt Nam. 2023-06-24. VNEXPRESS. 26 July 2023. 19 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230719173716/https://vnexpress.net/ba-ngay-tong-thong-han-quoc-tham-viet-nam-4621313.html. live.
  45. Web site: Tổng thống Hàn Quốc bắt đầu thăm chính thức Việt Nam. 22 June 2023. Tuổi trẻ online. 18 February 2024. 17 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230817183829/https://tuoitre.vn/tong-thong-han-quoc-bat-dau-tham-chinh-thuc-viet-nam-2023062208463633.htm. live.
  46. Web site: Báo Hàn đưa đậm việc 205 doanh nghiệp tháp tùng Tổng thống Yoon Suk-yeol sang Việt Nam. 23 June 2023. Pháp luật online. 18 February 2024. 28 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230728133253/https://plo.vn/bao-han-dua-dam-viec-205-doanh-nghiep-thap-tung-tong-thong-yoon-suk-yeol-sang-viet-nam-post739133.html. live.
  47. Web site: Vatican and Vietnam agree to open resident Holy See office in Hanoi, as relations improve. Associated Press. Nicole. Winfield. 2023-07-28. 2023-11-17. 17 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231117103749/https://apnews.com/article/vatican-vietnam-relations-francis-china-60b231a6b6f0a8ba7783e8b28a375a25. live.
  48. Web site: Archbishop Zalewski appointed resident papal representative in Vietnam. Vatican News. 2023-12-23. 2024-01-17. 17 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240117050144/https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2023-12/zalewski-appointed-resident-papal-representative-in-vietnam.html. live.
  49. News: 2023-09-10 . US denies Cold War with China in historic Vietnam visit . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-09-11 . 12 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230912171859/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-66748670 . live .
  50. News: Bose . Nandita . Guarascio . Francesco . Hunnicutt . Trevor . Guarascio . Francesco . 2023-09-10 . US and Vietnam ink historic partnership in Biden visit, with eyes on China . en . Reuters . 2023-09-11 . 13 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230913083728/https://www.reuters.com/world/us-vietnam-elevate-ties-during-biden-visit-with-eye-china-2023-09-09/ . live .
  51. Web site: Chủ tịch nước Võ Văn Thưởng sẽ gặp hàng loạt lãnh đạo các nước ở Trung Quốc . 17 October 2023 . Tuổi trẻ online . 18 February 2024 . 19 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231119144150/https://tuoitre.vn/chu-tich-nuoc-vo-van-thuong-se-gap-hang-loat-lanh-dao-cac-nuoc-o-trung-quoc-20231017140915598.htm . live .
  52. Web site: Chủ tịch nước Võ Văn Thưởng phát biểu tại Diễn đàn Vành đai và Con đường . 18 October 2023 . Thanh niên . 18 February 2024 . 22 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240322000123/https://thanhnien.vn/chu-tich-nuoc-vo-van-thuong-phat-bieu-tai-dien-dan-vanh-dai-va-con-duong-185231018195001901.htm . live .
  53. Web site: Chủ tịch nước kết thúc chuyến tham dự Diễn đàn Vành đai và Con đường . 21 October 2023 . Công an Đà Nẵng . 18 February 2024 . 19 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231119144159/https://cadn.com.vn/chu-tich-nuoc-ket-thuc-chuyen-tham-du-dien-dan-vanh-dai-va-con-duong-post285296.html . live .
  54. Web site: Chủ tịch nước Võ Văn Thưởng lên đường tham dự Diễn đàn cấp cao hợp tác quốc tế 'Vành đai và Con đường' lần thứ ba . 17 October 2023 . TTXVN . 18 February 2024 . 19 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231119144205/https://baotintuc.vn/thoi-su/chu-tich-nuoc-vo-van-thuong-len-duong-tham-du-dien-dan-cap-cao-hop-tac-quoc-te-vanh-dai-va-con-duong-lan-thu-ba-20231016212104982.htm . live .
  55. Web site: Chủ tịch nước Võ Văn Thưởng đã tiếp Thủ tướng Malaysia Anwar Ibrahim. 17 November 2023. 18 February 2024. 20 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231120150356/https://thanhnien.vn/chu-tich-nuoc-vo-van-thuong-tiep-thu-tuong-malaysia-185231117083632269.htm. live.
  56. Web site: Một số hình ảnh hoạt động của Chủ tịch nước Võ Văn Thưởng tại Hoa Kỳ . 18 February 2024 . 20 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231120072945/https://www.qdnd.vn/chinh-tri/tin-tuc/mot-so-hinh-anh-hoat-dong-cua-chu-tich-nuoc-vo-van-thuong-tai-hoa-ky-752185 . live .
  57. Web site: Chủ tịch nước Võ Văn Thưởng kết thúc tốt đẹp chuyến tham dự Tuần lễ Cấp cao APEC. 19 November 2023. 18 February 2024. 19 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231119144152/https://vov.vn/chinh-tri/chu-tich-nuoc-vo-van-thuong-ket-thuc-tot-dep-chuyen-tham-du-tuan-le-cap-cao-apec-post1060137.vov. live.
  58. Web site: Xi Jinping Meets with Vietnamese President Võ Văn Thưởng. The Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. 2023-10-23. 2023-11-17. 17 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231117083148/http://www.beltandroadforum.org/english/n101/2023/1023/c124-1309.html. live.
  59. Web site: President Võ Văn Thưởng receives Cambodian Prime Minister in Bejing. Viet Nam News. 2021-10-18. 2023-11-17. 17 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231117083147/https://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/1595345/president-vo-van-thuong-receives-cambodian-prime-minister-in-bejing.html. live.
  60. Web site: Toàn cảnh chuyến thăm chính thức Nhật Bản của Chủ tịch nước Võ Văn Thưởng. 1 December 2023. VOV. 20 February 2024. 18 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240218235855/https://vov.vn/chinh-tri/toan-canh-chuyen-tham-chinh-thuc-nhat-ban-cua-chu-tich-nuoc-vo-van-thuong-post1062606.vov. live.
  61. Web site: McCarthy . Simone . 2023-12-13 . China’s Xi pushes more trust with Vietnam after Hanoi’s move closer to Washington . 2024-07-19 . CNN . en.
  62. Web site: German president visits Vietnam with business delegation . 2024-01-24 . dw.com . en . 24 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240124025530/https://www.dw.com/en/german-president-visits-vietnam-with-business-delegation/a-68061285 . live .
  63. Web site: Trung ương đồng ý cho ông Võ Văn Thưởng thôi chức Chủ tịch nước . 20 March 2024 . Dân trí . 20 March 2024 . 20 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240320102426/https://dantri.com.vn/xa-hoi/trung-uong-dong-y-cho-ong-vo-van-thuong-thoi-chuc-chu-tich-nuoc-20240316162235699.htm . live .
  64. Web site: Vietnamese President Vo Van Thuong resigns, latest top official out amid anti-corruption campaign . 20 March 2024 . Associated Press . 20 March 2024 . 20 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240320122226/https://apnews.com/article/vietnam-president-vo-van-thuong-resigns-790f04b8b0507d73d385e82cd29a1360 . live .
  65. Web site: Vietnam's vice president becomes interim president . 21 March 2024 . Associated Press . 21 March 2024 . 21 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240321075917/https://apnews.com/article/vietnam-president-anti-corruption-campaign-c7df6dbd8543895669aed5775fa349ce . live .

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