| Vladimir Helfreich | |
| Native Name: | Владимир Георгиевич Гельфрейх |
| Native Name Lang: | ru |
| Birth Date: | 24 March 1885 |
| Birth Place: | Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire |
| Death Place: | Moscow, RSFSR, Soviet Union |
| Alma Mater: | Higher Art School at the Imperial Academy of Arts |
| Significant Buildings: | Main building of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affaris, Maxim Gorky Drama Theatre in Rostov-on-Don |
| Awards: | Hero of Socialist Labour, Stalin Prize |
Vladimir Georgiyevich Helfreich or Gelfreikh (Russian: Влади́мир Гео́ргиевич Гельфре́йх; * March 24, 1885, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire – August 7, 1967, Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Soviet and Russian architect, teacher, professor.[1]
Academician of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (1947). Hero of Socialist Labour (1965). Two Stalin Prizes of the first degree (1946, 1949).
V. Gel'freykh was born on March 24, 1885, in Saint Petersburg in the family of a civil servant. He graduated from the real school, and studied in private drawing school for two years. In 1906 he entered the Architectural Department of the Imperial Academy of Arts, which he graduated with honours in 1914, having completed the thesis project of the building of the State Council under the supervision of Professor Leon Benois. Even while studying at the Academy, he started to work in the studio of Academician Vladimir Shchuko, who had a significant influence on the further creative path of Gel'freykh.[2] [3]
Beginning in 1918, Gel'freykh was the permanent co-author of Vladimir Shchuko; their cooperation continued until the death of Shchuko in 1939. The first cooperation work of architects after the October Revolution was the design and construction in 1922—1923 of the pavilions of the Foreign Department of the Russian Agricultural and Handicraft Exhibition in Moscow.
During the 1920s, architects were working on projects in Petrograd – Leningrad – Smolny Propylaea, the monuments of Vladimir Lenin (near the Trinity Bridge, the Revolution Bridge and the Finland Station), the Moscow-Narva Culture House. Shchuko and Gel'freykh took part in a number of competitions, including the draft of the Soviet pavilion at the International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts, the project of the Ukrainian industrial building in Kharkiv, the Palace of Labour in Ivanovo, the House of Councils in Tula, and several others.[4]
The design of the Palace of the Soviets played an important role in cooperative activity of architects: they participated in the first and second closed competitions for the Palace project (1932–1933, co-authored with Alexandr Velikanov, Leonid Polyakov, Igor Rozhin, G. Selyugin, Selyakova-Shukhaeva, Alexandr Khryakov, Georgy Shchuko, and others). The project executed by architect Boris Iofan, was adopted as a basis. Later Boris Iofan, Vladimir Gel'freykh and V. Shchuko with their architectural team were entrusted with the subsequent development of this project (1933—1939)[5]
In 1918—1935 Gel'freykh taught in the Leningrad Higher Artistic-Technical Institute (Russian ВХУТЕИН – Высший художественно-технический институт). He taught in the Stroganov Moscow State Academy of Arts and Industry (1959–1967). Since 1935, the architect actively participated in the General Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow, he developed a version of the layout of the south-west of Moscow (1935—1937).
His significant work during the war years were the constructions of the third stage of the Moscow Metro — the ground vestibule and the platform of the Elektrozavodskaya station (the project of 1938, opened in 1944, co-author Igor Rozhin), the ground vestibule of Novokuznetskaya station (1943).
Gel'freykh created the project of the platform of the station "Botanical Garden" (now "Prospekt Mira", 1949, co-author Michail Minkus, sculptor Georgy Motovilov); the project of the Pantheon – the Monument to the Eternal Glory of the Great People of the Soviet Land on the Lenin Hills (1954, co-author Michail Minkus, competition).
In 1957—1958 Vladimir Gel'freykh took part in architectural competitions for the project of the Palace of the Soviets on the Lenin Hills (co-author Mikhail Minkus).
In the 1950s he developed a project for the reconstruction of the Smolenskaya Square (together with Pavel Shteller, Viktor Lebedev, with the participation of V. Zhadovskaya and A. Kuzmin).
Died August 7, 1967, in Moscow, buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery (site number 7).