Viviparus Explained

Viviparus, commonly known as the river snails, is a genus of large, freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs.^[1]

They are primitive members of the clade Caenogastropoda. The old name of the genus was Paludina.

Distribution

This genus is palaearctic in distribution,^[2] and is known from the Jurassic to the Recent.^[3]

Species

Viviparus belongs to the subfamily Viviparinae. Its taxonomy is currently under development and many of its species are often included in other related genera. It includes the following species:^[4]

• † Viviparus achatinoides (Deshayes, 1838)
• Viviparus acerosus (Bourguignat, 1862)
• † Viviparus aitaiensis Jekelius, 1932
• † Viviparus alexandrieni Cobălcescu, 1883
• † Viviparus altecarinatus Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus altus Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875
• † Viviparus alutae Jekelius, 1932
• † Viviparus ambiguus Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
• † Viviparus ampullaceus (Bronn, 1831)
• † Viviparus aquitanicus (Benoist, 1873)
• † Viviparus argesiensis (Stefanescu, 1896)
• Viviparus ater (de Cristofori & Jan, 1832)
• † Viviparus atriticus Neumayr, 1869
• † Viviparus aulacophorus Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus balatonicus Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
• † Viviparus bazavlukensis (Datsenko, 2000)
• Viviparus bengalensis (Lamarck)
• † Viviparus berbestiensis Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985
• † Viviparus bergeroni (Stefanescu, 1896)
• Viviparus bermondianus (d'Orbigny, 1842)^[5]
• † Viviparus berthae Halaváts, 1914
• † Viviparus berti Cobălcescu, 1883
• † Viviparus bifarcinatus (Bielz, 1864)
• † Viviparus bogdanovi Brusina, 1897
• † Viviparus botenicus Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985
• † Viviparus botezi (Porumbaru, 1881)
• † Viviparus bressanus (Ogérien, 1867)
• † Viviparus brevis Tournouer, 1876
  • † Viviparus brevis trochlearis Tournouer, 1876
  • † Viviparus brevis forbesi Tournouer, 1876
  • † Viviparus brevis brevis Tournouer, 1876
  • † Viviparus brevis carinatus Tournouer, 1876
  • † Viviparus brevis gorceixi Tournouer, 1876
• † Viviparus brusinae Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus bukowskii Oppenheim, 1919
• † Viviparus bulgaricus Brusina, 1902
• † Viviparus calverti Neumayr, 1880
• † Viviparus carenatus Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985
• † Viviparus cerchesi Cobălcescu, 1883
• † Viviparus cibyraticus (Spratt & Forbes, 1847)
• † Viviparus clathratus (Deshayes in Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire et al., 1832)
• † Viviparus conicus Pavlović, 1903
• Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813) - Lister's river snail
• † Viviparus contiguus (Stefanescu, 1896)
• † Viviparus courtelaryensis (Rollier, 1892)
• † Viviparus craiovensis (Tournouër, 1880)
• † Viviparus cretzestiensis (Pavlov, 1925)
• † Viviparus crytomaphora Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus cucestiensis Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985
• † Viviparus cyrtomaphorus Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus dacianus Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985
• † Viviparus darchiaci Pavlović, 1903
• † Viviparus dautzenbergi Brusina, 1902
• † Viviparus dehmi Schlickum & Strauch, 1979
• † Viviparus deleeuwi Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014
• † Viviparus depressus Strausz, 1942
• † Viviparus dezmanianus Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus diluvianus (Kunth, 1865)
• † Viviparus duboisi (Mayer, 1856)
• † Viviparus eburneus Neumayr, 1869
• † Viviparus egorlycensis Volkova, 1955
• † Viviparus elatiorpseudoturritus Bogachev, 1961
• † Viviparus etelkae Halaváts, 1914
• † Viviparus falconensis Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985
• † Viviparus falsani (Fischer in Falsan & Locard, 1867)
• † Viviparus ferratus (Quenstedt, 1884)
• † Viviparus fuchsi Neumayr, 1872
• Viviparus georgianus (I. Lea, 1834) - banded mystery snail
• † Viviparus getianus Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985
• † Viviparus gibbus (Sandberger, 1880)
• † Viviparus glacialis (S. Wood, 1872)
• † Viviparus globulosus (Serres, 1853)
• † Viviparus glockeri (Quenstedt, 1884)
• † Viviparus glogovensis (Stefanescu, 1896)
• Viviparus goodrichi Archer, 1933 - globose mysterysnail^[6]
• † Viviparus gracilis Lörenthey, 1894
• † Viviparus graciosus Jekelius, 1932
• † Viviparus grandis Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875
• † Viviparus heberti Cobălcescu, 1883
• † Viviparus hectoris (Hoernes, 1877)
• Viviparus hellenicus Westerlund, 1886
• † Viviparus herbichi Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875
• † Viviparus hoernesi Neumayr, 1869
• † Viviparus inflexus (Ludwig, 1865)
• Viviparus intertextus (Say, 1829) - rotund mysterysnail^[6]
• † Viviparus jalpuchensis (Datsenko in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007)
• Viviparus japonicus Von Martens^[6]
• † Viviparus jarcae Cobălcescu, 1883
• † Viviparus karaganicus Volkova, 1955
• † Viviparus kaschpurica (Pavlov, 1925)
• † Viviparus kurdensis Lörenthey, 1894
• † Viviparus lacedaemoniorum Oppenheim, 1891
• † Viviparus leiostraca Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus lignitarum Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
• Viviparus limi Pilsbry, 1918 - Ochlockonee mysterysnail^[6]
• † Viviparus loczyi Halaváts, 1903
• † Viviparus lomejkoi Pavlović, 1932
• † Viviparus loxostomus (Sandberger, 1875)
• † Viviparus lubenescuae Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014
• † Viviparus lungershauseni Bogachev, 1961
• † Viviparus macarovicii Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985
• Viviparus mamillatus (Küster, 1852)
• † Viviparus mammatus (Stefanescu, 1889)
• † Viviparus mandarinicus (Seninski, 1905)
• † Viviparus mangikiani Bogachev, 1961
• † Viviparus marnyanus Bogachev, 1961
• † Viviparus mazuranici Brusina, 1902
• † Viviparus megarensis Fuchs, 1877
• † Viviparus mehedintzensis Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985
• Viviparus monardi (Haas, 1934)
• † Viviparus monasterialis Fontannes, 1887
• † Viviparus monspesulanus Wenz, 1928
• † Viviparus motasi Papaianopol & Macaleț, 2004
• † Viviparus motruensis (Stefanescu, 1896)
• † Viviparus multicostatus (Seninski, 1905)
• † Viviparus murgescui Cobălcescu, 1883
• † Viviparus muscelensis (Stefanescu, 1897)
• † Viviparus neumayri Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus neustruevi (Pavlov, 1925)
• † Viviparus nodosocostatus Halaváts, 1887
• † Viviparus nothus Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus novskaensis Penecke, 1886
• † Viviparus oncophorae Rzehak, 1893
• † Viviparus oncophorus Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus ornatus Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
• † Viviparus ovidii Bogachev, 1961
• † Viviparus ovidiiformis (Datsenko in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007)
• † Viviparus ovulum Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
• † Viviparus pachystoma (Sandberger, 1859)
• † Viviparus pannonicus Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
• † Viviparus pantanellii Wenz, 1919
• † Viviparus pauli Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus phasianella (Boettger, 1887)
• † Viviparus pilari Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus pollonerae Sacco, 1884
• † Viviparus praecursus (Tournouër, 1879)
• † Viviparus prahovensis Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985
• † Viviparus precraiovensis Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985
• † Viviparus prutulensis (Datsenko, 2002)
• † Viviparus pseudoachatinoides (Pavlov, 1925)
• † Viviparus pseudodezmanianus Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985
• † Viviparus pseudogracilis Strausz, 1942
• † Viviparus pseudomotruensis Bogachev, 1961
• † Viviparus pseudosadleri (Pavlov, 1925)
• † Viviparus pseudovukotinovici Jekelius, 1932
• † Viviparus pulchriformis Papp in Papp & Thenius, 1952
• Viviparus quadratus Benson, 1842
  • Viviparus quadratus disparis
• †’’ Viviparus recurrens’’ Penecke, 1886
• † Viviparus rhodensis Bukowski, 1892
• † Viviparus romaloi Cobălcescu, 1883
• † Viviparus rothi Lörenthey, 1906
• † Viviparus rudis Neumayr, 1869
• † Viviparus rumanus (Tournouër, 1879)
• † Viviparus sadleri Neumayr, 1869
• † Viviparus semseyi Halaváts, 1903
• † Viviparus serresi Wenz, 1928
• Viviparus sphaeridius (Bourguignat, 1880)
• † Viviparus spurius Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus stefanescui (Stefanescu, 1896)
• † Viviparus stevanovici Neubauer, Harzhauser, Kroh, Georgopoulou & Mandic, 2014
• † Viviparus stricturatus Neumayr, 1869
• † Viviparus strossmayerianus Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus sturi Neumayr, 1869
• † Viviparus subconcinnus (Sinzov, 1876)
• † Viviparus sublentus d'Orbigny, 1850
• Viviparus subpurpureus (Say, 1829) - olive mystery snail^{[6] [7]}
• † Viviparus suessi Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
• † Viviparus suessoniensis (Deshayes, 1826)
• † Viviparus suevicus Wenz, 1919
• † Viviparus sukljei Jenko, 1944
• † Viviparus symeonidisi Schütt, 1986
• † Viviparus syzranicus (Pavlov, 1925)
• † Viviparus tardyanus Locard, 1883
• † Viviparus teschi Meijer, 1990
• † Viviparus tohanensis Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985
• † Viviparus tomici Brusina, 1902
• † Viviparus transitorius (Stefanescu, 1889)
• † Viviparus treffortensis Delafond & Depéret, 1893
• Viviparus tricinctus Liu, Zhang & Wang, 1994
• † Viviparus tuberculatus Berdnikova, 1977
• † Viviparus tumidus Stefanescu, 1896
• † Viviparus turgidus (Bielz, 1864)
• † Viviparus uniangulatus (Hall, 1845)
• † Viviparus uva (Stefanescu, 1897)
• † Viviparus ventricosus (Sandberger, 1875)
• † Viviparus viminaticus Brusina, 1902
• † Viviparus vinodoli Koch, 1922
• Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758) - river snail
• † Viviparus volgensis (Pavlov, 1925)
• † Viviparus vukotinovicii (Frauenfeld, 1862)
• † Viviparus wesselinghi Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014
• † Viviparus wolfi Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
• † Viviparus woodwardi Brusina, 1885
• † Viviparus zelebori Neumayr, 1869

Species brought into synonymy

• † Viviparus bifarcinatus stricturatus Neumayr, 1869: synonym of † Viviparus woodwardi Brusina, 1885
• † Viviparus dezmanianus dacicus Lubenescu & Zazuleac, 1985: synonym of † Viviparus dezmanianus turbureensis Fontannes, 1887
• † Viviparus incertus Macarovici, 1940: synonym of † Viviparus wesselinghi Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014
• Viviparus malleatus Reeve, 1863^[6] synonym of Cipangopaludina malleata (Reeve, 1863)
• † Viviparus rudis strossmayerianus Brusina, 1874: synonym of † Viviparus strossmayerianus Brusina, 1874
• † Viviparus woodwardi argesiensis (Stefanescu, 1896): synonym of † Viviparus argesiensis (Stefanescu, 1896)

References

• Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp.

Notes and References

1. Bouchet, P. (2014). Viviparus Montfort, 1810. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=154004 on 2014-11-13
2. Janus Horst. 1965. The young specialist looks at land and freshwater molluscs. Burke, London.
3. (in Czech) Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn. V. & Mikuláš R.: Základy zoopaleontologie. - Olomouc, 1996. 264 pp., .
4. Web site: Theba geminata, codringtonia. ipp.boku.ac.at. 20 November 2015.
5. Vázquez A. A. & Perera S. (2010). "Endemic Freshwater molluscs of Cuba and their conservation status". Tropical Conservation Science 3 (2): 190–199. HTM, PDF.
6. Web site: ITIS Standard Report Page: Viviparus . itis.gov. 20 November 2015.
7. United States Geological Survey. (2011). "Viviparus subpurpureus". USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=2769 Accessed 29 March 2011.