Viva América Explained

Viva Amėrica
Format:Classical music
Popular music
Latin music
Bolero
Country:United States
Language:English, Spanish
Syndicates:CBS Network of the Americas
Starring:Alfredo Antonini
Juan Arvizu
Nestor Chaires
Eva Garza
Elsa Miranda
Pat O'Brien
Los Panchos Trio
Luis G. Roldan
John Serry Sr.
Kate Smith
Announcer:Harry Kramer
Producer:Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs
Exec Producer:Edmund Chester
First Aired:1940
Last Aired:1949
Sponsor:Voice of America

Viva América was an American musical radio program which was broadcast live over the CBS radio network and to North and South America over the "La Cadena de las Américas" (Network of the Americas) during the 1940s (1942–1949) in support of Pan-Americanism during World War II.[1] It was also broadcast for the benefit of members of the armed forces in Europe during World War II over the Armed Forces Network.[2] All broadcasts of this program were supervised under the strict government supervision of the United States Department of State and the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (OCIAA) as part of the United States Cultural Exchange Programs cultural diplomacy initiative authorized by President Franklin D. Roosevelt (via Voice of America) during World War II through the Office for Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations (OCCCRBAR), and the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs directed by Nelson Rockefeller.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

This imaginative program represented a unique collaboration between government and private industry during the turbulent World War II era in an effort to foster cultural exchanges and cultural diplomacy throughout the Americas as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy.[9] [10] It featured live performances of the CBS Pan American Orchestra under the musical direction of the noted conductor Alfredo Antonini.[11] [12] By 1945, performances by the orchestra on the CBS "La Cadena de los Americas" radio network were enjoyed by audiences in twenty Latin American nations and throughout North America.[13] As a result of its cultural authenticity, it emerged over the years as the network's most popular musical program.[14]

Viva América was primarily conceived in an effort to foster benevolent diplomatic relations throughout the Americas during World War II by showcasing the talents of a wide variety of respected professional musicians from both North and South America.[15] In this regard, it proved to be highly successful and functioned under the direct supervision of the Department of State as a cultural exchange program (as opposed to a propaganda program).[16] The collaborative performances by musicians who were featured on the program also served to introduce large audiences in the United States to innovative forms of Latin music including the Mexican Bolero.[17] Included among the renowned soloists were: Juan Arvizu (the Mexican "Tenor with the Silken Voice");[18] Nestor Mesta Chayres (Mexican tenor - aka "El Gitano De México");[19] [20] [21] Eva Garza (Mexican songstress);[22] [23] [24] Terig Tucci, (Argentine composer/arranger)[25] Miguel Sandoval (Guatemalan composer/conductor), Elsa Miranda (Puerto Rican Vocalist/Actress), Los Panchos Trio (Latin vocalists)[26] Manuolita Arriola (Mexican vocalist),[27] Kate Smith (American contralto),[28] Pat O'Brien (American actor)[29] and John Serry, Sr. (an American concert accordionist and featured soloist).[30] [31] [32]

Broadcasts of this program were personally supervised by Edmund A. Chester, Vice President at the CBS network and Director of Latin-American Relations and Short Wave Broadcasting (1940 - 1948).[33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] Mr. Chester could often be found visiting the control room at the CBS broadcast studios in New York City in order to enjoy his series of live concerts and to exchange insights with his staff of musicians and recording artists. At the governmental level, they were closely monitored by the Office of Inter-American Affairs through the Office for Coordination of Commercial and Cultural Relations (OCCCRBAR) under the direction of Nelson Rockefeller and the Department of State.[39] In recognition of their efforts to foster greater understanding between the peoples of Cuba and the United States on this program, both Edmund Chester and William S. Paley were awarded the Carlos Manuel de Cespedes National Order of Merit by the Cuban government - its highest civilian honor.[40]

The onset of the post World War II era precipitated the onset of the Cold War and the initiation of new governmental oversight of the broadcast industry. As a consequence of these developments, exclusive control for the La Cadena de las Americas was essentially transferred to the Department of State from Voice of America in 1948.[41] As the focal point for American foreign policy shifted away from South America toward Europe broadcasts of this program were terminated (circa 1949) and the broadcasting links provided to South America by the Columbia Broadcast System CBS were eliminated.[42]

Several historic master disk transcriptions of this program were recorded during live broadcasts and preserved on 78 RPM vinyl disks for Voice of America. They were archived by the Department of State until the 1970s and have since passed into private collections.

References

  1. https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&q=ociaa&pg=PA166 Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155
  2. https://books.google.com/books?id=L3WyZ9A4_XEC&q=VIva+America&pg=PA198 The Directory of the Armed Forces Radio Service Series Mackenzie, Harry. Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport CT, 1999 p. 21
  3. Web site: Viva America. radiogoldindex.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20120206070142/http://radiogoldindex.com/cgi-local/p2.cgi?ProgramName=Viva+America. February 6, 2012. 2019-03-26. dead.
  4. The New York Times, January 8, 1941, pg. 8
  5. The New York Times, January 1, 1942, pg. 27
  6. The New York Times, May 10, 1942, pg. SM10
  7. The New York Times, February 28, 1943, pg. X9
  8. The New York Times, January 18, 1942, pg. 27
  9. Media Sound & Culture in Latin America & the Caribbean. Editors - Bronfman, Alejandra & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 2012 p. 47-49 Pan Americanism, FDR's Good Neighbor Policy CBS, Viva America and Alfredo Antonini on Books.Google.Com See Pg. 49
  10. https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&q=Viva+America&pg=PA166 Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda
  11. The New York Times, June 9, 1946, pg. 49
  12. The New York Times, November 5, 1983, pg. 34
  13. https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&q=ociaa&pg=PA166 Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155
  14. https://books.google.com/books?id=ql_sDwAAQBAJ&dq=CBS+Pan+American+Orchestra+Alfredo+Antonini&pg=PT74 Beyond the Black and White TV: Asian and Latin American Spectacle in Cold War America. Han, Benjamin M. Rutgers University Press, 2022 "Viva America" cultural authenticity and the most popular musical show on the La Cadena de las Americas on Google Books
  15. https://books.google.com/books?id=ql_sDwAAQBAJ&dq=CBS+Pan+American+Orchestra+Alfredo+Antonini&pg=PT74 Beyond the Black and White TV: Asian and Latin American Spectacle in Cold War America. Han, Benjamin M. Rutgers University Press, 2022 "Viva America" and Cold War cultural diplomacy on Google Books
  16. https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&q=ociaa&pg=PA166 Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155
  17. Media Sound & Culture in Latin America. Editors: Bronfman, Alejanda & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 2012, Pg. 49 https://books.google.com See pg. 49
  18. The New York Times, May 5, 1941, pg. 32
  19. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/viva-america-a-cbs-radio-program-featuring-latin-america-news-photo/905998882?adppopup=true Nestor Mesta Chayres photographed on the CBS "Viva America" Program on Getty Images
  20. Web site: Bassanonline. www.bassanonline.it. 2019-03-26.
  21. The New York Times April 23, 1944, pg X5
  22. The New York Times, January 23, 1944, pg. X9
  23. Web site: Artist Biography: Eva Garza Frontera Project. frontera.library.ucla.edu. 2019-03-26.
  24. https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&q=Viva+America&pg=PA166 Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 155-157
  25. The New York Times, January 18, 1942, pg. 27
  26. https://books.google.com/books?id=ql_sDwAAQBAJ&dq=CBS+Pan+American+Orchestra+Alfredo+Antonini&pg=PT74 Beyond the Black and White TV: Asian and Latin American Spectacle in Cold War America. Han, Benjamin M. Rutgers University Press, 2022 Los Panchos and the Viva America program on Google Books
  27. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/viva-america-a-cbs-radio-program-featuring-latin-america-news-photo/905995940?adppopup=true Photograph of Manolita Arriola and Nestor Chayres for "Viva America" CBS on Getty Images
  28. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/left-to-right-actor-pat-obrien-and-cbs-radio-singer-kate-news-photo/905998976?adppopup=true Photograph of actor Pat O'Brien and singer Kate Smith on the Viva America program for CBS Radio on Getty Images.com
  29. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/left-to-right-actor-pat-obrien-and-cbs-radio-singer-kate-news-photo/905998976?adppopup=true Photograph of actor Pat O'Brien and singer Kate Smith on the Viva America program for CBS Radio on Getty Images.com
  30. https://www.esm.rochester.edu/sibley/files/John-J-Serry-Sr-Collection.pdf Eastman School of Music - University of Rochester - Sibley Music Library: John J. Serry Sr. Collection: Autographed Photograph of John Serry accordionist on CBS' C de Las A program circa 1940s p. 3, Series 3, Collection Box 3, Item 1: The John J. Serry Sr. Collection archived at the University of Rochester Eastman School of Music
  31. Book: Settel, Irving. A Pictorial History of Radio. Grosset & Dunlap. New York. 1960. 1967. 146. 67-23789. 1475068.
  32. Media Sound & Culture in Latin America. Editors: Bronfman, Alejanda & Wood, Andrew Grant. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 2012, Pg. 49 https://books.google.com See pg. 49
  33. https://books.google.com/books?id=ql_sDwAAQBAJ&dq=CBS+Pan+American+Orchestra+Alfredo+Antonini&pg=PT74 Beyond the Black and White TV: Asian and Latin American Spectacle in Cold War America. Han, Benjamin M. Rutgers University Press, 2022 "Viva America" Edmund Chester - brainchild behind the formation of the La Cadena de Las Americas on Google Books
  34. https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx00pQIkclMC&q=ociaa&pg=PA166 Dissonant Divas in Chicana Music: The Limits of La Onda Deborah R. Vargas. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2012 p. 152-155
  35. The New York Times, May 10, 1942, pg. sm10
  36. The New York Times, October 16, 1973, pg. 46
  37. Time, June 1, 1942
  38. Time, March 2, 1942
  39. Book: Anthony, Edwin D.. Records of the Office of Inter-American Affairs. Inventory of Record Group 229. National Archives and Record Services - General Services Administration. Washington D.C.. 1973. 25–26. 73-600146 . https://www.archives.gov/files/research/foreign-policy/related-records/rg-229-inter-american-affairs.pdf#page=33. Records of the Radio Division.
  40. https://books.google.com/books?id=ql_sDwAAQBAJ&dq=CBS+Pan+American+Orchestra+Alfredo+Antonini&pg=PT74 Beyond the Black and White TV: Asian and Latin American Spectacle in Cold War America. Han, Benjamin M. Rutgers University Press, 2022 "Viva America" Edmund Chester William S. Paley and the Carlos Manuel De Cespedes National Order of Merit on Google Books
  41. The New York Times, July 2, 1948, pg. 1
  42. https://books.google.com/books?id=ywwEAAAAMBAJ&dq=Edmund+Chester+CBS+Radio&pg=PA8 "State Dept. to Record All Shortwave Airings as NBC, CBS Check out on "Voice"", The Billboard July 10, 1948 p. 8

External links

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