Visa requirements for Australian citizens explained

Visa requirements for Australian passport holders are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Australia entering with an Australian passport.

As of 2024, Australian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 189 countries and territories, ranking the Australian passport 5th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.^[1]

Besides visa requirements, most countries specify other requirements for the entry of Australian and other citizens into their country. For example, that a prospective entrant has no criminal history or health issues, or that there is evidence of sufficient funds or of a ticket for exit.

Visa requirements

Each country has a multitude of visa types, each with its particular purpose and requirements. Rules for visits by ordinary passport holders are as follows:

Country / Region	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)	Reciprocity ^[2]
Afghanistan
Albania		90 days
Algeria			Processing time for a tourist visa to Algeria upon 14 working days is mandatory.
Andorra		90 days
Angola		30 days
Antigua and Barbuda		1 month
Argentina		90 days
Armenia		180 days
Austria		90 days	90 days per entry regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries^[3]
Azerbaijan	^[4]	30 days
Bahamas		3 months
Bahrain		14 days
Bangladesh		30 days	Not available at all entry points.^[5]
Barbados		6 months
Belarus		30 days	Must arrive and depart via Minsk International Airport, and not to / from Russia.
Belgium		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area. Additionally bilateral agreement permits 2 months on top of this.
Belize		30 days
	^[6]	30 days	Must have an international vaccination certificate.
Bhutan	^[7]		Visa approved via tour operators only.
		90 days
Bosnia and Herzegovina		90 days	90 days within any 6-month period.
Botswana		90 days	90 days within any year period.
Brazil	^[8]	90 days	Brazilian authorities have announced that Australian citizens will require a visa beginning April 10, 2025.^[9]
		30 days
Bulgaria		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
Burkina Faso	^[10]
Burundi		1 month
Cambodia	^[11]	30 days	Visa is also obtainable online.
Cameroon	^[12]		A tax for a visa on internal flights must be obtained upon arrival into Cameroon.
Canada		6 months	eTA required if arriving by air.^[13]
Cape Verde			Not available at all entry points.^[14]
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile	^[15]	90 days
		30 days	Visa-free from July 1, 2024 to December 31, 2025.^[16] 30-day visa free access is available for Hainan Province when arriving by air at Haikou or Sanya or by sea at designated sea ports.^[17] Hong Kong and Macau have separate immigration policies from the mainland. Visas issued to Tourist Visa applicants are valid for entry within 90 days and validity of the visa begins on the day of first entry into China.
Colombia		90 days	90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period.
Comoros		45 days
			Visa and invitation letters approved via tour operators only.
	^[18]	7 days	Visa on arrival at Ndjili International Airport if a letter of invitation (Visa volant) issued by the Ministry of Interior and Security is conferred.
Costa Rica		90 days
Cote d'Ivoire	^[19]	3 months	e-Visa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport.
Croatia		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
Cuba	^[20]	90 days	Visitors travelling to Cuba can purchase a tourist card at the Cuban embassy or nearest travel agent that sells authorized cards. Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
Cyprus		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period.
Czech Republic		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
Denmark		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period. regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (except the other Nordic countries)
Djibouti	^[21]	90 days
Dominica		6 months
Dominican Republic		90 days
Ecuador		90 days^[22]
Egypt	^[23]	30 days
El Salvador		3 months
Equatorial Guinea	^[24]	30 days
Eritrea			A tourist visa for Australian citizens is issued for a stay of 1 month from arrival to Eritrea.
Estonia		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
		30 days
Ethiopia		up to 90 days
Fiji		4 months
Finland		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries.
France		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in metropolitan France, regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries.
Gabon	^[25]	90 days	e-Visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.
Gambia		90 days
Georgia		1 year
Germany		90 days	90 days per entry regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries.^[26]
Ghana			Visitors staying longer than 60 days are required to extend their visas at the Immigration Service.
Greece		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
Grenada		3 months
Guatemala		90 days
Guinea	^[27]	90 days
Guinea-Bissau		90 days
Guyana	^[28]
Haiti		3 months
Honduras		3 months
Hungary		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
Iceland		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries.
India	^[29]	Up to 90 days
Indonesia		30 days^[30]	Visa on arrival is extendable up to 60 days.
	^[31]	30 days	Passengers who have already made an application, at least two days before arrival, at the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affair's e-Visa website. and present the submission notification at the airport's visa desk may obtain a visa on arrival.^[32]
Iraq	^[33]	60 days
Ireland		3 months
Israel		3 months	Entry refused to anyone who "knowingly issues a public call for boycotting Israel."^[34]
Italy		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries.
Jamaica		30 days
Japan	^[35] ^[36] ^[37]	90 days
Jordan	^[38]	30 days	Visa can be obtained upon arrival, it will cost a total of 40 JOD, obtainable at most international ports of entry and land border crossings. (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge)
Kazakhstan		30 days
Kenya	^[39]	3 months	Can also be entered on an East Africa tourist visa issued by Rwanda or Uganda.^[40]
Kiribati		120 days
			Visitors traveling for tourist purposes must hold an authorization to travel, issued by a travel company in Korea (Dem. People's Rep.). Independent travellers must be accompanied by a tour guide at all times.
	^[41]	90 days	The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval.^[42]
Kuwait	^[43]	3 months
Kyrgyzstan		60 days	A single or multiple tourist or business e-visa for 90 days is also available.^[44]
		30 days
Latvia		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
Lebanon		1 month	Visa extendible for 2 additional months. Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
Lesotho		14 days
Liberia			Pre-approved visa letter valid for 14 days from date of issuance is mandatory. Must extend visa within 30 days of arrival at the immigration office on Broad Street, regardless of visa validity.
Libya	^[45]
Liechtenstein		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
Lithuania		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
Luxembourg		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries.
Madagascar		60 days
Malawi		30 days
Malaysia		3 months
Maldives		30 days
Mali			An average processing time for a tourist visa to Mali upon 3-15 working days is mandatory.
Malta		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
Marshall Islands		90 days
Mauritania			Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport.
Mauritius		90 days
Mexico		180 days
		30 days
		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period.
Monaco
Mongolia		30 days	The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia has exempted visas for 34 countries from January 2023 to December 2025.^[46]
Montenegro		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period.
Morocco		3 months
Mozambique	^[47]	30 days	Travelers must pay a fee of 650 MT upon entry.
Myanmar	^[48]	28 days
Namibia		3 months
Nauru			Criminal record and medical fitness certificates are not required for Australian citizens.^[49] Australian citizens are given 7 days to pay a fee AU$50 per day in procedure for an application of a new visa to Nauru.
Nepal		90 days^[50]
Netherlands		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (European Netherlands).
New Zealand		Indefinitely	Australian citizens traveling on an Australian passport may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival entitling the holder to live, work and study indefinitely (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements.^[51] May enter using eGate.^[52] Electronic Travel Authority not required.^[53] International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy not required.^[54]
Nicaragua		90 days
Niger			Visa on arrival at Diori Hamani International Airport if a letter of invitation (Visa Volant) issued by the Ministry of Interior is conferred.
Nigeria	^[55]	90 days	Visa not required for Nigerian-born citizens.
		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period.
Norway		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries (except other Nordic countries).^[56] ^[57] ^[58]
Oman	^[59]	14 days / 30 days
Pakistan	^[60]	90 days	Issued free of charge as of August 2024.
Palau		30 days
Panama		90 days
Papua New Guinea	^[61]	30 days
Paraguay		90 days
Peru		90 days
Philippines		30 days
Poland		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
Portugal		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
Qatar	^[62]	30 days
Romania		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
			Process in tourist visas for stays with a period of 30 days is acquired.
Rwanda		30 days	Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Uganda.
Saint Kitts and Nevis		3 months
Saint Lucia		6 weeks
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines		3 month
Samoa		60 days
San Marino		90 days
^[63]
Saudi Arabia	^[64]	90 days	Non-Muslim residents are prohibited from visiting Mecca and its holy sites. Other religious places may also be restricted to Non-Muslim people.
Senegal		90 days
Serbia		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period.
Seychelles	^[65]	3 months
Sierra Leone	^[66]	3 months / 30 days
Singapore		90 days
Slovakia		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
Slovenia		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
Solomon Islands		3 months
Somalia
South Africa		90 days
	^[67]		Obtainable online. Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel.
Spain		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries.
Sri Lanka	^[68]	60 days / 30 days
Sudan			Visa on arrival if holding letter of invitation registered in the Sudan with a pre-approval from the Foreign Affairs. Registration for a visa is obligatory within 3 days of arrival. It can be completed at entry ports. Visa not required for Sudanese-born citizens.
Suriname	^[69]	90 days
Sweden		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries. (except other Nordic countries)
Switzerland		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period in the Schengen Area.
	^[70]
Tajikistan		30 days	e-Visa also available.^[71] e-Visa holders can enter through all border points.
	^[72]	90 days
		60 days	Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.
Timor-Leste		30 days	Not available at all entry points.^[73]
Togo	^[74]	15 days
Tonga		31 days
Trinidad and Tobago		30 days
Tunisia		3 months
Turkey	^[75]	90 days	Cruise ship passengers do not require a visa for up to 72 hours.
Turkmenistan			10-day visa on arrival if holding a letter of invitation provided by a company registered in Turkmenistan with a prior approval from the Foreign Ministry.
Tuvalu		1 month
Uganda	^[76]	3 months	Can also be entered on an East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Rwanda.
Ukraine		90 days	90 days within any 180 day period.
United Arab Emirates		30 days	May apply using 'Smart Service'.
United Kingdom and Crown dependencies		6 months	Visa also not required if holder has UK ancestry clearance visa. Adults can use ePassport gates.^[77]
United States	^[78]	90 days
Uruguay		3 months
Uzbekistan		30 days
Vanuatu		30 days
		90 days
	^[79]	30 days	e-Visa is valid for 90 days and multiple entry.
Yemen
Zambia		30 days	Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.
Zimbabwe	^[80]	30 days	Strictly tourism purposes only. Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia. e-Visa available.

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

Unrecognized countries

Territory	Conditions of access	Notes
	^[81]	Letter for an entry permit upon arrival into Abkhazia is mandatory from 3 working days.
	^[82]	90 days
	^[83]	3 months
		Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.^[84]
		Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
		30 days for 30 USD, payable on arrival.^[85] ^[86]
	^[87]	Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.^[88] ^[89]
	^[90]	90 days; May enter using eGate.^[91]
	^[92]	Registration required after 24 hours.^[93] ^[94]

Dependent and autonomous territories

Territory	Conditions of access	Notes
China
Hong Kong		90 days
		30 days
Denmark
Faroe Islands	^[95]
Greenland	^[96]
Finland
Aland Islands		3 months
France
French Guiana		3 months
French Polynesia		90 days within 180 days
French West Indies		Includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin.
Mayotte		3 months
New Caledonia		3 months
Reunion		3 months
Saint Pierre and Miquelon		3 months
Wallis and Futuna	^[97]	3 months
Netherlands
Aruba		30 days, extendable to 180 days
Caribbean Netherlands		90 days. Includes Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba.
		90 days
		90 days
New Zealand
Cook Islands		31 days
Niue		30 days
Tokelau	^[98]	Processing time for a tourist visa compulsory from 3–4 days.
United Kingdom
	^[99]	Stays longer than 28 days per 12-month period require a permit.^[100]
Anguilla		3 months
Bermuda		Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.
British Indian Ocean Territory		Special permit required.^[101]
		30 days, extensions possible
Cayman Islands		6 months
		A visitor permit is normally issued as a stamp in the passport on arrival, The maximum validity period is 1 month.^[102]
Gibraltar
Montserrat		6 months
		14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.^[103] ^[104] ^[105]
		3 months within any year period.^[106] ^[107]
		Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.^[108]
		Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.^[109]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands		Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).^[110] ^[111]
Turks and Caicos Islands		90 days
United States
American Samoa	^[112]	30 days
Guam		45 days
Northern Mariana Islands		45 days
Puerto Rico		Under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
		Under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
Antarctica and adjacent islands

Other territories

Territory	Conditions of access	Notes
Belarus Brest and Grodno		Visa-free for 10 days^[113]
China Hainan	^[114]	30 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport.
China Tibet Autonomous Region		Tibet Travel Permit required (10 USD).^[115] ^[116]
		Visa issued by Russia is required.^[117]
Ecuador Galápagos		Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.^[118]
Eritrea outside Asmara		To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).^[119]
Greece Mount Athos		Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.^[120] ^[121]
India PAP/RAP		Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.^[122] ^[123] ^[124]
Kish Island		Tourists for Kish Island do not require a visa.^[125]
		You can apply for an e-Visa (30 days) to visit the Iraqi Kurdistan Region.^[126]
Fiji Lau Province		Special permission required.^[127]
France Clipperton Island		Special permit required.^[128]
		Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.^[129]
outside Pyongyang		People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
Malaysia Sabah and Sarawak		These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.^[130]
Maldives outside Malé		With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.^[131]
Norway Jan Mayen		Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours^[132] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.^[133]
Norway Svalbard		Right to live and work under the Svalbard Treaty.
		Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.^[134]
		Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.^[135]
Sudan outside Khartoum		All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur		Separate travel permit is required.^[136]
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province		OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.^[137] ^[138] ^[139]
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus	^[140]	Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
Korean Demilitarized Zone	Restricted zone.
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar	Restricted zone.
United States Minor Outlying Islands		Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.^[141] ^[142] ^[143] ^[144] ^[145] ^[146] ^[147]
Margarita Island		All visitors are fingerprinted.^[148]
Phú Quốc		30 days^[149]
Yemen outside Sana’a or Aden		Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.^[150]

Reciprocity issues

Some countries regard Australia's requirement for obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) prior to travel as being equivalent to offering visa-free travel when deciding whether to grant the same to Australians wishing to enter their territory.

The United States, for example, offers their Visa Waiver Program to Australian passport-holders,^[151] and one of the conditions for joining this scheme is that "Governments provide reciprocal visa-free travel for U.S. citizens for 90 days for tourism or business purposes".^[152] However, the United States has required from January 2009 a similar ETA from citizens of Australia and some more countries. This system is not called a visa, but Electronic System for Travel Authorisation, therefore the US allows visa-free travel for Australians.

As of December 1998, Japan has also granted visa-free access to Australians.^[153] Other ETA eligible countries and territories including Canada,^[154] Hong Kong,^[155] Malaysia,^[156] Singapore,^[157] South Korea (90 days)^[158] and Taiwan (90 days)^[159] also grant visa-free access to Australians while Brunei grants Australians a 30-day visa on arrival.^[160]

Additional rules

Visa exemptions for Schengen states

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of more than three months (but no more than three months in any individual member state)

The Australian Government has signed bilateral visa waiver agreements with a number of the individual countries who are Schengen signatories, which allow Australian citizens to spend up to three months in the relevant country, without reference to time spent in other Schengen signatory states. Since these agreements continue to remain valid despite the implementation of the Schengen agreement, the European Commission has confirmed that in practice if Australians visit Schengen countries which have signed these types of bilateral agreements with Australia, then the terms of these agreements override the conditions normally imposed as a result of the Schengen visa exemption agreement.^[161] However, amendments are under consideration to restrict exit from the Schengen area only through the territory of the Member State which is a Contracting Party to the bilateral agreement and the authorities of which have extended the stay.^[162]

Australia has individual bilateral visa waiver agreements with the following Schengen signatories:

^[163] ^[164] ^[165] ^[166] ^[167] ^[168] ^[169] ^[170] ^[171] ^[172] ^[173] ^[174] ^[175] ^[176] ^[177]

Consequently, Australian citizens can visit the above Schengen member states visa-free for periods of up to three months in each country.

If, however, an Australian citizen then visits another Schengen state not included in the list above, the restriction of no more than three months out of a 6-month period in the Schengen area as a whole applies. Therefore, if an Australian citizen has already spent three months in one or more of the above Schengen countries, any visits to another Schengen country without a bilateral visa waiver agreement with Australia may lead to difficulties with local law enforcement agencies (e.g. being accused of having overstayed upon leaving a Schengen country which is not in the list above).

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of up to three months

Australian citizens are classified as 'Annex II' foreign nationals, and so are permitted to stay visa-free in the 26 member states of the Schengen Area as a whole — rather than each country individually — for a period not exceeding 3 months every 6 months.

During the visa exemption period, Australian citizens are permitted to work in Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia and Sweden.^[178]

In addition, Australian citizens intending to stay and work in Estonia for up to 90 days can do so without a visa as long as the employer has completed a 'registration of short-term employment'.^[179]

A stay in the Schengen Area as a whole of more than 3 months (and more than 3 months in an individual member state)

In general, any person who is not a European Union, European Economic Area or Swiss citizen and who wishes to stay in a Schengen member state for more than 3 months is required to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit.

Australian citizens aged 18–30 (or 18–35 in some cases) are able to obtain a national long-stay 'D' visa and/or a residence permit from some Schengen member states on the basis of a working holiday (see below). Schengen member states also issue national long-stay 'D' visas and residence permits for other reasons to those fulfilling criteria laid out in their national immigration policies (e.g. skilled workers, students, au pair).

In general, the national long-stay 'D' visa/residence permit needs to be obtained in advance through the member state's embassy/consulate. However, some Schengen member states offer exceptions for Australian citizens.

allows Australian citizens to enter the country without a visa and to apply for a temporary residence permit or a 'Red-White-Red Card' (issued to permanent immigrants) after arrival, rather than in advance through an Austrian embassy/consulate.^{[180] [181]}

The allows Australian citizens to apply for a work visa under a special scheme known as a 'Green Card' (rather than a 'Blue Card' or work permit which is required by most non-EU citizens). The application for a Green Card can be lodged at any Czech embassy/consulate (or, in some circumstances, within the Czech Republic if the applicant is already resident there) and is usually processed within 60 days.^[182] Note that 'Green Cards' are no longer issued after 24 June 2014.^[183]

permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months to enter without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many other non-EEA and Swiss citizens, a residence permit and visa for a stay over 3 months must be applied for in advance at a German foreign mission).^{[184] [185]}

permits Australian citizens to stay and work in Estonia for more than 90 days but less than 6 months as long as they obtain a category 'D' long-stay visa at a cost of €80 in advance at an Estonian foreign mission after the employer has completed a 'registration of short-term employment'.^[186] Australian citizens intending to stay and work in Estonia for more than 6 months can apply for a temporary residence permit for employment after arrival in the country.^[187]

allows Australian citizens who wish to stay for more than 90 days in the country to apply for a residence card from the regional directorate of the Office of Immigration and Nationality within 90 days of arrival and do not need to obtain a residence permit prior to arrival in Hungary (unlike most other non-EEA and Swiss foreign nationals).^[188]

permits Australian citizens intending to stay in the country for over 3 months as self-employed persons or as businesspersons to enter Latvia without a visa and to apply for a residence permit after arrival (whilst for many non-EEA and Swiss citizens, an application for a residence permit must be lodged in advance at a Latvian foreign mission).^[189]

exempts Australian citizens from the requirement to obtain a Schengen category "D" visa (the visa issued for long term stays in The Netherlands of over 90 days, known in Dutch as the "MVV" visa) - an exemption which goes beyond the visa waiver afforded to most other non-EEA and non-Swiss foreign nationals who are usually only given a visa waiver of up to 90 days in a 180-day period.^[190]

permits Australian citizens who have qualifications as a skilled worker to stay in the country without a visa for up to 6 months to seek employment as a skilled worker or a specialist (except as a religious leader/teacher or an ethnic cook), as long as they register with the police within 3 months of arriving in Norway.^[191]

Visa exemptions and requirements for the United Kingdom

Australian citizens are able to visit the United Kingdom for up to 6 months (or 3 months if they enter from Ireland) without the need to apply for a visa as long as they fulfil all of the following criteria:

• they do not work during their stay in the UK
• they must not register a marriage or register a civil partnership during their stay in the UK
• they can present evidence of sufficient money to fund their stay in the UK (if requested by the border inspection officer)
• they intend to leave the UK at the end of their visit and can meet the cost of the return/onward journey
• they have completed a landing card and submitted it at passport control unless in direct transit to a destination outside the Common Travel Area^[192]
• if under the age of 18, they can demonstrate evidence of suitable care arrangements and parental (or guardian's) consent for their stay in the UK^[193]

However, even though, strictly speaking, they are not required to apply for a visa if they satisfy all of the above criteria, an Australian citizen who falls into any of the following categories has been strongly advised by the UK Border Agency (replaced by UK Visas and Immigration) to apply for a visa prior to travelling to the UK if they:

• have any unspent criminal convictions in any country
• have previously been refused or breached the terms of any entry to the UK, or been deported or otherwise removed from the UK
• have previously applied for a visa and been refused one
• have been warned by a UK official that they should obtain a visa before travelling to the UK

Australian citizens who were born before 1983 and qualify for the right of abode are able to live and work in the United Kingdom indefinitely.

Australian citizens with a grandparent born either in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands or Isle of Man at any time or in Ireland on or before 31 March 1922 can apply for UK Ancestry Entry Clearance, which enables them to work in the UK for five years, after which they can apply to settle indefinitely.

Australian citizens aged 18 to 30 can apply for a Youth Mobility Scheme visa which allows them to pursue a working holiday in the UK for two years.

In June 2021, the Australian and UK governments announced that their reciprocal working holiday scheme would soon be expanded to allow citizens of both countries aged 18 to 35 live and work in the other country for up to three years. These changes are expected to either in 2023 or by mid-2024 at the latest.^[194]

Visa exemption for New Zealand

By virtue of the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement, Australian citizens are exempt from the requirement to hold a permit on arrival in New Zealand and may reside or work for an indefinite period as long as:^[195]

• they present a valid Australian passport OR hold a foreign passport showing their Australian Citizen Endorsement or Australian Citizen Declaratory Visa (either with a label or a confirmation letter) as evidence of their Australian citizenship
• they have no criminal convictions
• they have no untreated tuberculosis
• they have not been deported, excluded or removed from any country

Travel ban

See also: Australian passport. It is an offence for Australians to travel or remain in Declared Areas.

APEC Business Travel Card

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:^[196]

^2 Chile^2 China^4 Hong Kong^4 Indonesia^4 Japan^2 Malaysia^2 Mexico^1 New Zealand^2

Papua New Guinea^4 Peru^2 Philippines^4 ^3 Singapore^4 ^2 ^2 Thailand^2 ^4

_{1 - Up to 180 days
2 - Up to 90 days
3 - Up to 90 days in a period of 180 days
4 - Up to 60 days}

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:^[197]

• No need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by Canada and United States)
• Undertake legitimate business in participating economies
• Expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members

Consular protection of Australian citizens abroad

There are currently over 100 Australian missions overseas. In some countries Australians may also receive consular assistance from Canadian missions under the Canada–Australia Consular Services Sharing Agreement.

See also: List of diplomatic missions of Australia.

See also

• Visa policy of Australia
• Australian passport

Notes and References

1. Web site: Global Passport Ranking.
2. In this column, Australia's eVisitor and ETA systems are deemed to be reciprocal to U.S.'s ESTA system, Canada's eTA system and other countries' visa-free programs.
3. Web site: FACT SHEET Austrian-Australian Bilateral Agreement On Visa Free Short Stays . Austrian Embassy in Canberra . https://web.archive.org/web/20200415131529/https://www.bmeia.gv.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Vertretungen/Canberra/Austria_Australia_Bilateral_Agreement_on_Visa_Free_Short_Stays_-_Fact_sheet.pdf . 15 April 2020.
4. Web site: Azerbaijan eVisa.
5. Available at Shahjalal International Airport, Shah Amanat International Airport and Osmani International Airport only.
6. Web site: Benin eVisa.
7. Web site: Bhutan eVisa.
8. Web site: Brazil eVisa.
9. Web site: Brazil: Visa Requirement Date for Nationals of Australia, Canada and the United States Postponed.
10. Web site: Burkina Faso eVisa.
11. Web site: Cambodia eVisa.
12. Web site: Cameroon eVisa.
13. Web site: Canada eTA. 15 April 2015.
14. Obtainable at Nelson Mandela International Airport, Cesária Évora Airport, Amílcar Cabral International Airport and Aristides Pereira International Airport.
15. Web site: Chile.
16. Web site: June 25, 2024 . China extends visa exemption for New Zealand, Australia, Poland to improve personnel exchanges . 2 July 2024 . gov.cn.
17. Web site: 胡哲. China's resort island set to benefit from more visa-free policies. 2020-12-22. global.chinadaily.com.cn.
18. Web site: DR Congo eVisa.
19. Web site: CI eVisa.
20. Web site: eVisa-Cuba. evisacuba.cu.
21. Web site: Djibouti eVisa.
22. Extendable length of stay.
23. Web site: Egypt eVisa.
24. Web site: Equatorial Guinea eVisa.
25. Web site: Gabon eVisa.
26. Web site: Amt . Auswärtiges . Short-term visa for Germany . 2023-03-21 . australien.diplo.de . en.
27. Web site: Guinea eVisa.
28. Web site: Visa entry requirements (countries) . Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana . 15 November 2023.
29. Web site: India eVisa.
30. Web site: Indonesia e-VOA.
31. Web site: Iran eVisa.
32. Web site: Visa on Arrival . evisa.mfa.ir.
33. Web site: Iraq eVisa.
34. News: Israel parliament approves travel ban for supporters of BDS movement. 2017-03-07. The Independent. en. 2020-01-05.
35. Web site: Japan eVisa.
36. https://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/visit/visa/short/novisa.html
37. https://www.au.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_en/visa_temporaryvisitor_en.html
38. Web site: Jordan E-Services.
39. Web site: Kenya eTA.
40. Web site: Visitors visa - East African tourist visa.
41. Web site: K-ETA.
42. Web site: K-ETA Application Guide.
43. Web site: Kuwait eVisa.
44. Web site: Kyrgyzstan eVisa.
45. Web site: Libya eVisa.
46. Web site: EXEMPTED FROM VISA TO ENTER MONGOLIA.
47. Web site: Mozambique eVisa.
48. Web site: Myanmar eVisa.
49. Web site: Immigration Regulations 2014 SL No. 2 of 2014.
50. Web site: Nepal Online Visa.
51. Web site: Information about: Australian Resident Visa . immigration.govt.nz . Immigration New Zealand . 2020-05-21 . Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand..
52. Web site: eGate . customs.govt.nz . New Zealand Customs Service . 2021-02-05 . 15 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210415180039/https://www.customs.govt.nz/personal/travel-to-and-from-nz/travelling-to-nz/egate/ . dead .
53. Web site: Travellers who do not need an NZeTA . immigration.govt.nz . Immigration New Zealand . 2021-02-06 . Visa holders and some other travellers do not need an NZeTA (New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority) before they travel to New Zealand..
54. Web site: Paying the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy . immigration.govt.nz . Immigration New Zealand . 2021-02-06 . Many tourists, people on working holidays, and some students and workers coming to New Zealand must pay an International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy (IVL) of NZD $35..
55. Web site: Nigeria Immigration Services.
56. Web site: Norway in Australia . Norgesportalen.
57. Web site: UDI 2010-080 Bortvisningspraksis for borgere fra stater Norge har inngått bilaterale visumfrihetsavtaler med . Norwegian Directorate of Immigration . 28 November 2019 . no.
58. Web site: UDI 2010-080V1 Liste over visumfrie borgere som er omfattet . Norwegian Directorate of Immigration . 28 November 2019 . no.
59. Web site: Oman eVisa.
60. Web site: List of Countries for Visa Prior to Arrival.
61. Web site: PNG Easy Visitor Permit.
62. Web site: Qatar Hayya.
63. Web site: ST eVisa.
64. Web site: Saudi Arabia eVisa.
65. Web site: Seychelles Electronic Border System.
66. Web site: Sierra Leone eVisa.
67. Web site: South Sudan eVisa.
68. Web site: SL ETA.
69. Web site: Suriname eVisa . 23 January 2024 . 7 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230307214615/https://suriname.vfsevisa.com/suriname/online/home/index . dead .
70. Web site: Syria eVisa.
71. Web site: Tajikistan eVisa.
72. Web site: Tanzania eVisa.
73. Obtainable at the Presidente Nicolau Lobato International Airport or at the Dili Sea Port.
74. Web site: Togo eVisa.
75. Web site: Türkiye eVisa.
76. Web site: Uganda eVisa.
77. Web site: ePassport gates to ease travel for passengers from more countries. GOV.UK . en . 2019-04-18.
78. Web site: Official ESTA Application.
79. Web site: Vietnam eVisa.
80. Web site: Zimbabwe eVisa.
81. Web site: MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA . 2016-05-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160424181640/http://mfaapsny.org/council/visa.php. 2016-04-24 . dead.
82. Web site: Visas For Foreign Citizens - For Kosovo Citizens - Consular Services - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo. Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Republic of Kosovo.
83. Web site: VISA Regulations | Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. 4 March 2014.
84. Web site: Israel Country Specific Information . Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State . 18 November 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131114103216/http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1064.html#entry_requirements . 14 November 2013 . dead . dmy-all.
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