Violales Explained

Violales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants and takes its name from the included family Violaceae; it was proposed by Lindley (1853). The name has been used in several systems, although some systems used the name Parietales for similar groupings. In the 1981 version of the influential Cronquist system, order Violales was placed in subclass Dilleniidae with a circumscription consisting of the families listed below. Some classifications such as that of Dahlgren placed the Violales in the superorder Violiflorae (also called Violanae).

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system does not recognize order Violales; Violaceae is placed in order Malpighiales and the other families are reassigned to various orders as indicated.

family Achariaceae → order Malpighiales

family Ancistrocladaceae → order Caryophyllales

family Begoniaceae → order Cucurbitales

family Bixaceae → order Malvales

family Cistaceae → order Malvales

family Cucurbitaceae → order Cucurbitales

family Datiscaceae → order Cucurbitales

family Dioncophyllaceae → order Caryophyllales

family Flacourtiaceae → included in family Salicaceae, in order Malpighiales

family Fouquieriaceae → order Ericales

family Frankeniaceae → order Caryophyllales

family Hoplestigmataceae → uncertain position

family Huaceaeeurosids I (direct placement)

family Lacistemataceae → order Malpighiales

family Loasaceae → order Cornales

family Malesherbiaceae → order Malpighiales (optionally inside Passifloraceae)

family Passifloraceae → order Malpighiales

family Peridiscaceae → order Saxifragales

family Scyphostegiaceae → included in family Salicaceae, in order Malpighiales

family Stachyuraceae → order Crossosomatales

family Tamaricaceae → order Caryophyllales

family Turneraceae → order Malpighiales (optionally inside Passifloraceae)

family Violaceae → order Malpighiales

Bibliography