Viola nephrophylla explained

Viola nephrophylla (northern bog violet, Leconte violet, or kidney leaved violet) syn. Viola nephrophylla Greene f. albinea (Farw.), Viola pratincola Greene, Viola retusa Greene) is an annual or perennial forb in the Violet family (Violaceae) native to North America.^{[1] [2]}

Viola nephrophylla was named by Edward Lee Greene in 1896 from specimens he collected near Montrose, Colorado. The species name, nephrophylla, is from the Greek for "kidney shaped leaves".

Its habitats include moist meadows and open woods.

Conservation status within the United States

It is listed endangered in Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio, as threatened in New Hampshire,^[3] and as a special concern in Connecticut.^[4]

Native American ethnobotany

See also: Native American ethnobotany and Navajo ethnobotany. The Ramah Navajo use the plant as a ceremonial emetic.^[5]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Viola nephrophylla . Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point . 2010-03-10.
2. Book: Royer, France. Plants of Alberta, Trees, Shrubs, Wildflowers, Ferns, Aquatica Plants & Grasses. Dickinson. Richard. Lone Pine Publishing. 2007. 978-1-55105-283-0. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 269. English.
3. Web site: Plants Profile for Viola nephrophylla (northern bog violet) . plants.usda.gov . 15 January 2018 . .
4. Web site: Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015 . State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources . 15 January 2018. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
5. Vestal . Paul A. . 1952 . The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho . Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology . 40 . 4 . 36.