Viola angustifolia explained

Viola angustifolia is a species of flowering plant in the genus Viola.

Taxonomy

This species was first described in 1857 by the Chilean paleontologist and zoologist Rudolph Amandus Philippi.

In 2019 the husband-and-wife team[1] of rock gardening enthusiasts John Michael Watson and renamed the species to V. wikipedia, after Wikipedia, the free-content online encyclopedia. They did so believing that the name V. angustifolia was a later homonym, and thus illegitimate.[2] Indeed, the name "Viola angustifolia" had been published prior to Philippi's description, in 1824 by the Swiss historian and botanist Frédéric Charles Jean Gingins de la Sarraz, in the famous Prodromus of Alphonse Pyramus de Candolle. However, this publication cites it as a nomen nudum synonymous to the species Pigea banksiana, which is now known as Hybanthus enneaspermus. The name had been proposed on a specimen sheet collected in India, but had never been validly published. As such, this name is what is known as a pro synonymo, a name which cannot be considered as validly published because it is merely a synonymy citation. Therefore, Philippi's description is in fact the first valid publication of the name "V. angustifolia", and V. wikipedia is thus a superfluous and illegitimate name.[3] [4]

Description

It is closely related to V. acanthophylla, V. bustillosia, and V. cheeseana, the latter being newly described by Watson and Flores. It is differentiated from these other species by having a "leaf margin shallowly long-serrate. Peduncle clearly shorter than leaves".

Distribution

The species is presumed to be endemic to the Santiago region of Chile. It is known only from a specimen collected in 1855.[5]

Notes and References

  1. Winter 2012–2013 . Contributors . Rock Garden Quarterly . John Watson lives in Chile with his wife and working partner, Anita Flores (Ana R. Flores for formal publications). . 2019-10-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191001193552/https://nargs.org/sites/default/files/free-rgq-downloads/roga_71-1.pdf . 2019-10-01 . live .
  2. Watson . J.M. . 2019 . Lest we forget. A new identity and status for a Viola of section Andinium W. Becker; named for an old and treasured friend and companion. Plus another... . International Rock Gardener . 117 . 47– . https://web.archive.org/web/20191001153437/http://www.srgc.org.uk/logs/logdir/2019Sep261569525649IRG117.pdf . 2019-10-01.
  3. Web site: Viola angustifolia . . The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens . 27 October 2020.
  4. Web site: Viola wikipedia . . The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens . 27 October 2020.
  5. Philippi, R.A. (1857) Plantarum novarum chilensium. Centuria prima. Linnaea 28: 612.