Vim (text editor) explained

Vim
Author:	Bram Moolenaar
Programming Language:	C, Vim script
Operating System:	Unix, Linux, Windows NT, MS-DOS, macOS, iOS, Android, Haiku, AmigaOS, MorphOS
Genre:	Text editor
License:	Vim^[1] ^[2] ^[3]

Vim (;^[4] vi improved) is a free and open-source, screen-based text editor program. It is an improved clone of Bill Joy's vi. Vim's author, Bram Moolenaar, derived Vim from a port of the Stevie editor for Amiga and released a version to the public in 1991. Vim is designed for use both from a command-line interface and as a standalone application in a graphical user interface.^[5] Since its release for the Amiga, cross-platform development has made it available on many other systems. In 2018, it was voted the most popular editor amongst Linux Journal readers;^[6] in 2015 the Stack Overflow developer survey found it to be the third most popular text editor,^[7] and in 2019 the fifth most popular development environment.^[8]

History

Vim's forerunner, Stevie (ST Editor for VI Enthusiasts), was created by Tim Thompson for the Atari ST in 1987^{[9] [10]} and further developed by Tony Andrews^{[9] [11]} and G.R. (Fred) Walter.^{[12] [13]} It was one of the first popularized clones of Vi, and did not use Vi's source code. The source code for Vi used the Ed text editor developed under AT&T, and therefore Vi could only be used by those with an AT&T source license. Basing Vim on the source code for Stevie meant the program could be distributed without requiring the AT&T source license.

Basing his work on Stevie, Bram Moolenaar began working on Vim for the Amiga computer in 1988, with the first public release (Vim v1.14) in 1991.^{[14] [15]}

At the time of its first release, the name "Vim" was an acronym for "Vi IMitation", but this changed to "'Vi IMproved" late in 1993.^[16]

Release history

Date	Version	Changes and additions
June, 1987	N/A	Tim Thompson releases Stevie (ST editor for VI enthusiasts), a limited vi clone for the Atari ST, posting the source on Usenet.
June, 1988	N/A	Tony Andrews improves Stevie, and ports it to Unix and OS/2, releasing version 3.10 on Usenet.
1988	1.0	Bram Moolenaar creates Vi IMitation for the Amiga, based on Stevie, never publicly released
2 November 1991	1.14^[17]	First public release for the Amiga on Fred Fish disk #591^[18]
1992	1.22	Port to Unix, never publicly released. Vim now competes with vi.
14 December 1993	2.0^[19]	This is the first release using the name Vi IMproved.
12 August 1994	3.0	Support for multiple windows
29 May 1996	4.0^[20]	Graphical user interface
19 February 1998	5.0^[21]	Syntax highlighting, basic scripting (user defined functions, commands, etc.)
6 April 1998	5.1	Bug fixes, various improvements
27 April 1998	5.2	Long line support, file browser, dialogs, popup menu, select mode, session files, user defined functions and commands, Tcl interface, etc.
31 August 1998	5.3	Bug fixes, etc.
25 July 1999	5.4	Basic file encryption, various improvements
19 September 1999	5.5	Bug fixes, various improvements
16 January 2000	5.6	New syntax files, bug fixes, etc.
24 June 2000	5.7	New syntax files, bug fixes, etc.
31 May 2001	5.8	New syntax files, bug fixes, etc.
26 September 2001	6.0^[22]	Folding, plugins, multi-language, etc.
24 March 2002	6.1	Bug fixes
1 June 2003	6.2	GTK2 and libgnome2 support, Arabic language support, :try command, minor features, bug fixes
7 June 2004	6.3	Bug fixes, translation updates, mark improvements
15 October 2005	6.4	Bug fixes, updates to Perl, Python, and Ruby support
7 May 2006	7.0^[23]	Spell checking, code completion, tab pages (multiple viewports/window layouts), current line and column highlighting, undo branches, and more
12 May 2007	7.1	Bug fixes, new syntax and runtime files, etc.
9 August 2008	7.2^[24]	Floating point support in scripts, refactored screen drawing code, bug fixes, new syntax files, etc.
15 August 2010	7.3	Lua support, Python3 support, Blowfish encryption, persistent undo/redo
10 August 2013	7.4^[25]	A new, faster regular expression engine.
12 September 2016	8.0^[26]	Asynchronous I/O support, jobs, lambdas, etc.
18 May 2018	8.1^[27]	Terminal window support and terminal gdb plugin.
13 December 2019	8.2^[28]	Popup windows, text properties.
28 June 2022	9.0^[29]	Vim9 script
2 January 2024	9.1^[30]	Classes and objects support for Vim9 script, smooth scrolling, virtual text

License

Vim is released under the Vim license, which includes some charityware clauses that encourage users who enjoy the software to consider donating to children in Uganda.^[3] The Vim license is compatible with the GNU General Public License through a special clause allowing distribution of modified copies under the GNU GPL version 2.0 or later.

Interface

Like vi, Vim's interface is not based on menus or icons but on commands given in a text user interface; its GUI mode, gVim, adds menus and toolbars for commonly used commands but the full functionality is still expressed through its command line mode. Vi (and by extension Vim) tends to allow a typist to keep their fingers on the home row, which can be an advantage for a touch typist.^[31]

Vim has a built-in tutorial for beginners called vimtutor, which is usually installed along with Vim, but is a separate executable and can be run with a shell command.^[32] The Vim Users' Manual details Vim's features and can be read from within Vim, or found online.^{[33] [34]}

Vim also has a built-in help facility (using the :help command) which allows users to query and navigate through commands and features.

Registers

Vim features various special memory entries called registers (not to be confused with hardware or processor registers). When cutting, deleting, copying, or pasting text the user can choose to store the manipulated text in a register. There are 36 general-purpose registers associated with letters and numbers ([a-z0-9]) and a range of special ones that either contain special values (current filename, last command, etc.) or serve a special purpose.

Modes

Like vi, vim supports multiple editing modes. Depending on the mode, typed characters are interpreted either as sequences of commands or are inserted as text. In Vim there are 14 editing modes, 7 basic modes and 7 variants:^[35]

• Normal mode – used for editor commands. This is generally the default mode and by default hitting returns the editor to this mode.
• Insert mode – used for typing text in a way similar to most modern editors. In this mode, opened text in buffers can be modified with the text entered from the keyboard.^[36]
• Visual mode – used to select areas of text. Commands can be run on the selected area – moving, editing, filtering via built-in or external command, etc.
  • Visual linewise, a subtype of visual mode which selects one or more whole lines
  • Visual blockwise, another subtype which selects a rectangular block of text across one or more lines
• Select mode – similar to visual, but the commands are not interpreted, instead, highlighted text is directly replaced by input from the keyboard; similar to the selection mode used in editors on Microsoft Windows platforms
• Command-line or Cmdline mode – provides a single line input at the bottom of the Vim window. Commands (beginning with) and some other keys for specific actions (including pattern search and the filter command) activate this mode. On completion of the command, Vim returns to the previous mode.
• Ex mode mode – accepts a sequence of commands.
• Terminal-Job mode - Interacting with a job in a terminal window.

Customization

Vim is highly customizable and extensible, making it an attractive tool for users who demand a large amount of control and flexibility over their text editing environment.^[37] Text input is facilitated by a variety of features designed to increase keyboard efficiency. Users can execute complex commands with "key bindings," which can be customized and extended. The "recording" feature allows for the creation of macros to automate sequences of keystrokes and call internal or user-defined functions and mappings. Abbreviations, similar to macros and key mappings, facilitate the expansion of short strings of text into longer ones and can also be used to correct mistakes. Vim also features an "easy" mode for users looking for a simpler text editing solution.^[38]

There are many plugins available that extend or add new functionality to Vim. These plugins are usually written in Vim's internal scripting language, vimscript (also known as VimL),^[39] but can be written in other languages as well.

There are projects bundling together complex scripts and customizations and aimed at turning Vim into a tool for a specific task or adding a major flavour to its behaviour. Examples include Cream, which makes Vim behave like a click-and-type editor, or VimOutliner, which provides a comfortable outliner for users of Unix-like systems.

Features and improvements over vi

Vim has a vi compatibility mode, but when that mode is not used, Vim has many enhancements over vi.^[40] However even in compatibility mode, Vim is not entirely compatible with vi as defined in the Single Unix Specification and POSIX (e.g., Vim does not support vi's open mode, only visual mode). Vim's developers state that it is "very much compatible with Vi".^[41]

Some of Vim's enhancements include completion functions, comparison and merging of files (known as vimdiff), a comprehensive integrated help system, extended regular expressions, scripting languages (both native and through alternative scripting interpreters such as Perl, Python, Ruby, Tcl, etc.) including support for plugins, a graphical user interface (gvim), limited integrated development environment-like features, mouse interaction (both with and without the GUI), folding, editing of compressed or archived files in gzip, bzip2, zip, and tar format and files over network protocols such as SSH, FTP, and HTTP, session state preservation, spell checking, split (horizontal and vertical) and tabbed windows, Unicode and other multi-language support, syntax highlighting, trans-session command, search and cursor position histories, multiple level and branching undo/redo history which can persist across editing sessions, and visual mode.

While running, Vim saves the user's changes in a swap file with the ".swp" extension. This file can be used to recover after a crash. If a user tries to open a file and a swap file already exists, Vim will warn the user, and if the user proceeds, Vim will use a swap file with the extension ".swo" (or, if there is already more than one swap file, ".swn", ".swm", etc.).^{[42] [43]} The feature can be disabled.^[44]

Vim script

Vim script (also called Vimscript or VimL)^[45] is the scripting language built into Vim.^[46] Based on the ex editor language of the original vi editor, early versions of Vim added commands for control flow and function definitions. Since version 7, Vim script also supports more advanced data types such as lists and dictionaries and a simple form of object-oriented programming. Built-in functions such as map and filter allow a basic form of functional programming, and Vim script has lambda since version 8.0. Vim script is mostly written in an imperative programming style.

Vim macros can contain a sequence of normal-mode commands, but can also invoke ex commands or functions written in Vim script for more complex tasks. Almost all extensions (called plugins or more commonly scripts) of the core Vim functionality are written in Vim script, but plugins can also utilize other languages like Perl,^[47] Python,^[48] Lua,^[49] Ruby,^[50] Tcl,^[51] or Racket.^[52] These plugins can be installed manually, or through a plugin manager such as Vundle, Pathogen, or Vim-Plug.

Vim script files are stored as plain text, similarly to other code, and the filename extension is usually .vim. One notable exception to that is Vim's config file, .vimrc.

Examples

" This is the Hello World program in Vim script.echo "Hello, world!"

" This is a simple while loop in Vim script.let i = 1while i < 5 echo "count is" i let i += 1endwhileunlet i

Availability

While vi was originally available only on Unix operating systems, Vim has been ported to many operating systems including AmigaOS (the initial target platform), Atari MiNT, BeOS, DOS, Windows starting from Windows NT 3.1, OS/2, OS/390, MorphOS, OpenVMS, QNX, RISC OS, Linux, BSD, and Classic Mac OS.^[53] Also, Vim is shipped with Apple macOS.^[54]

Independent ports of Vim are available for Android^{[55] [56]} and iOS.^[57]

Neovim

Neovim
Other Names:	NVim
Programming Language:	C, Vim script, Lua
Operating System:	Microsoft Windows and Unix-like
License:	Apache-2.0

Neovim^[58] is a fork of Vim that strives to improve the extensibility and maintainability of Vim.^[59] Some features of the fork include built-in Language Server Protocol (LSP) support, support for asynchronous I/O, and support for Lua scripting using luaJIT language interpreter.^[60] The project is free software and its source code is available on GitHub.^[61]

Neovim has the same configuration syntax as Vim prior to vim9script; thus the same configuration file can be used with both editors, although there are minor differences in details of options.^[62] If the added features of Neovim are not used, Neovim is compatible with almost all of Vim's features.^[63]

The Neovim project was started in 2014, after a patch to Vim supporting multi-threading was rejected.^[64] Neovim had a successful fundraising in March 2014, supporting at least one full-time developer.^{[65] [66]}

Several frontends are under development which make use of Neovim's capabilities.^{[67] [68] [69]}

With the 0.5 release of Neovim on 2 July 2021, it gained built-in support for the LSP, Tree-sitter, and more complete Lua support – including the support for configuration scripts written in Lua instead of VimL.^[70]

Gallery

See also

• Learning the vi and Vim Editors, a tutorial book for vi and vim, published by O'Reilly Media
• Editor war – the rivalry between users of the Emacs and vi (Vim) text editors
• List of text editors
• Comparison of text editors
• Vimperator

Notes and References

1. Web site: vim/LICENSE. github.com. 20 October 2021. 5 July 2021. 16 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210816052103/https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/LICENSE. live.
2. Web site: Vim License. spdx.org. 5 July 2021. 29 July 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210729175125/https://spdx.org/licenses/Vim.html. live.
3. Web site: Vim: uganda.txt. vimhelp.org. 13 January 2019. 13 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232236/https://vimhelp.org/uganda.txt.html#license. live.
4. https://vimhelp.org/intro.txt.html Vim documentation: intro
5. Book: McDonnell, Mark . Pro vim . 2014 . 978-1-4842-0250-0 . [Berkeley] . 897466496.
6. Web site: Best Editor Linux Journal . 2023-04-20 . www.linuxjournal.com.
7. Web site: Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2015 § IV. Text Editor . Stack Overflow . 25 July 2016 . 4 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190504144447/https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2015#tech-editor . live .
8. Web site: Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2019 Results . Stack Overflow § VII. Development Environments . 20 July 2019 . 7 March 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200307082721/https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2019#development-environments-and-tools . live .
9. Web site: Tim . Thompson . 2000-03-26 . Stevie . 2010-12-27 . 4 January 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160104222833/http://nosuch.com/tjt/stevie/ . live .
10. A mini-vi for the ST . Tim Thompson . 1987-06-28 . comp.sys.atari.st . [e-mail] . 2010-12-27 . 9 November 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121109202954/http://groups.google.com/group/comp.sys.atari.st/msg/8db96f888d778a32?dmode=source . live .
11. v15i037: Stevie, an "aspiring" VI clone for Unix, OS/2, Amiga . Tony Andrews . 1988-06-06 . comp.sources.unix . [e-mail] . 2010-12-27 . 9 November 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121109202944/http://groups.google.com/group/comp.sources.unix/msg/1fccf6a82259beed?dmode=source . live .
12. Web site: Vim. intro.txt. Vim Help. Vim. 9 July 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160709041643/https://vimhelp.appspot.com/intro.txt.html . en. 20 January 2015. 9 July 2016.
13. Web site: vim(1). die.net. Vim. 9 July 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160709133642/http://linux.die.net/man/1/vim . 9 July 2016. 11 April 2006. Vim is based on Stevie, worked on by: Tim Thompson, Tony Andrews and G.R. (Fred) Walter. Although hardly any of the original code remains..
14. Web site: Moolenaar . Bram . 10 October 2000 . The continuing story of Vim . live . moolenaar.net . https://web.archive.org/web/20120418061526/http://moolenaar.net/vimstory.pdf . 18 April 2012 . 19 September 2011.
15. Web site: The history of Vim – Jovica Ilic. 5 June 2014. 25 January 2020. 25 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200125113304/https://jovicailic.org/2014/06/the-history-of-vim/. live.
16. Web site: VILE (Vi Like Emacs) – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) . 7 September 2019 . 31 August 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190831142828/https://invisible-island.net/vile/vile.faq.html#clone_began . live .
17. Web site: Bram . Moolenaar . 2002-01-15 . Vim, an open-source text editor . 2005-10-24 . 7 August 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110807042854/http://www.free-soft.org/FSM/english/issue01/vim.html . live .
18. Web site: Textfiles.com. 2 October 2009. 16 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110716093932/http://cd.textfiles.com/fredfish/v1.6/FF_Disks/571-600/FF_591/Contents. live.
19. Web site: Filewatcher . 26 February 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110711001335/http://www.filewatcher.com/b/ftp/ftp.twaren.net/pub/Unix/Editors/Vim/old.0.0.html . 11 July 2011 . dead . mdy-all .
20. Web site: 2004-03-12 . Official Vim Manual, Version 4 summary . 2008-08-06 . 18 August 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080818035456/http://www.vim.org/htmldoc/version4.html . live .
21. Web site: 2004-01-17 . Official Vim Manual, Version 5 summary . 2008-08-06 . 21 August 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080821072351/http://www.vim.org/htmldoc/version5.html . live .
22. Web site: 2004-03-12 . Official Vim Manual, Version 6 summary . 2008-08-06 . 11 June 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080611081758/http://www.vim.org/htmldoc/version6.html . live .
23. Web site: 2016-07-17 . Vim Reference Manual, Version 7 . 2019-01-13 . 13 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232305/https://vimhelp.org/version7.txt.html . live .
24. Web site: Google Groups. groups.google.com. 11 August 2008. 6 November 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121106114342/http://groups.google.com/group/vim_announce/browse_thread/thread/2c89671dd928812f. live.
25. https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/vim_announce/knOQ_t_H5to Google Discussiegroepen
26. Web site: Vim 8.0 released! . 12 September 2016 . Bram Moolenaar . 22 January 2011 . http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20110122130054/https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/vim_announce/EKTuhjF3ET0 . live .
27. Web site: Vim 8.1 is released! . 18 May 2018 . Bram Moolenaar . 17 May 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180517191637/https://www.vim.org/vim-8.1-released.php . live .
28. Web site: Vim 8.2 is released! . 13 December 2019 . Bram Moolenaar . 12 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191212152052/https://www.vim.org/vim-8.2-released.php . live .
29. Web site: Vim 9.0 is released! . 30 June 2022 . Bram Moolenaar . 2 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220702120512/https://www.vim.org/vim90.php . live .
30. Web site: Vim 9.1 is released! . 4 January 2024 . Christian Brabandt . 2 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240102235711/https://www.vim.org/vim-9.1-released.php . live .
31. Book: Lamb. Linda. Robbins. Arnold. Learning the Vi Editor. 1998. O'Reilly Media, Inc.. 9781565924260. 305. registration.
32. Web site: Vim documentation: usr_01. Moolenaar. Bram. 3 November 2010. 28 August 2019. 29 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200729064500/http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/usr_01.html#tutor. live.
33. https://vimhelp.org/ Vim help files
34. Book: Oualline, Steve. Vi IMproved (VIM). 0-7357-1001-5. New Riders Publishers. April 2001. 11 October 2021. 19 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211119082135/http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/doc/book/vimbook-OPL.pdf. live.
35. Web site: Moolenaar . Bram . Vim: intro.txt . vimhelp.org . 1 September 2023.
36. Web site: CS107 The Vim Editor . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230127153621/https://web.stanford.edu/class/cs107/resources/vim.html . 27 January 2023 . 2023-01-27 . web.stanford.edu.
37. Web site: Why Vim, An '80s Text Editor, Is Still The UI Of Choice For Power Users. FastCompany. Melendez. Steven. 28 October 2014. 5 May 2019. 6 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190506013107/https://www.fastcompany.com/3037629/why-vim-an-80s-text-editor-is-still-the-ui-of-choice-for-power-users. live.
38. Web site: Tips: Making Vim easy . Linux.com . 6 May 2019 . 2007-04-10 . 6 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190506013124/https://www.linux.com/news/tips-making-vim-easy . live .
39. Web site: Vim documentation: usr_41. vimhelp.org. 13 January 2019. 13 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232237/https://vimhelp.org/usr_41.txt.html#vim-script-intro. live.
40. Vim help system (type "[https://vimhelp.org/ :help]" within Vim)
41. Web site: Vim FAQ. Peppe. Benji. Charles. Campbell. 2004-01-02. 2010-12-27. 13 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232234/https://vimhelp.org/vim_faq.txt.html#faq-1.3. live. (question 1.3)
42. Web site: Vim documentation: recover . vimdoc.sourceforge.net . 17 December 2020 . 13 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201213232131/http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/recover.html . live .
43. Web site: How to handle swapfiles in Vim . cs.longwood.edu . 17 December 2020 . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507102651/https://cs.longwood.edu/VimSwap.html . live .
44. Web site: 'swapfile' option . 10 October 2020 . vimhelp.org . 18 December 2020 . 14 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201214004148/https://vimhelp.org/options.txt.html#'swapfile' . live .
45. Web site: The VimL Primer: Edit Like a Pro with Vim Plugins and Scripts by Benjamin Klein | The Pragmatic Bookshelf. 25 January 2020. Klein. Benjamin. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20200125123547/https://pragprog.com/book/bkviml/the-viml-primer. 25 January 2020.
46. Web site: Vim documentation: usr_41. vimhelp.org. 13 January 2019. 13 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232237/https://vimhelp.org/usr_41.txt.html. live.
47. Web site: Vim documentation: if_perl . 2019-08-27 . Verdoolaege . Sven . Gerassimof . Matt . 8 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120208154924/http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/if_perl.html . live .
48. Web site: Vim documentation: if_pyth . 2019-08-27 . Moore . Paul . 22 August 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120822072929/http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/if_pyth.html . live .
49. Web site: Vim documentation: if_lua . 2019-08-27 . Carvalho . Luis . 30 March 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120330221044/http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/if_lua.html . live .
50. Web site: Vim documentation: if_ruby . 2019-08-27 . Maeda . Shugo . 14 February 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120214174436/http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/if_ruby.html . live .
51. Web site: Vim documentation: if_tcl . 2019-08-27 . Wilken . Ingo . 24 August 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120824172051/http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/if_tcl.html . live .
52. Web site: Vim documentation: if_mzsch . 2019-08-27 . Khorev . Sergey . 14 April 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120414232343/http://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/if_mzsch.html . live .
53. "[https://vimhelp.org/#sys-file-list :help sys-file-list]"
    Web site: Vim Online: Downloads . 2007-01-07 . 8 January 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070108142446/http://www.vim.org/download.php . live .
54. Web site: Mac OS X Manual Page For vim(1) . developer.apple.com . Apple Inc. . 2010-01-12 . 9 June 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120609170929/http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#DOCUMENTATION/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man1/vim.1.html . live .
55. Web site: VimTouch, the development has stalled on this app. 2015-08-09. GitHub. 29 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151229012338/https://github.com/momodalo/vimtouch. live.
56. Web site: DroidVim, under active development. 2017-03-05. GitHub. 27 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180627111225/https://github.com/shiftrot/droidvim. live.
57. Web site: Vim – Applidium, mobile agency in Paris. https://web.archive.org/web/20120120032008/http://applidium.com/en/applications/vim/. dead. 2012-01-20. 2015-08-11.
58. Web site: Neovim: vim, out of the box. neovim.io. 2 May 2024. 16 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220516140503/https://neovim.io/. live.
59. Web site: Neovim Vision. 18 February 2016. 26 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220426002631/https://neovim.io/charter/. live.
60. Web site: Nvim documentation: vim_diff. 2 October 2019. 25 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190825213838/https://neovim.io/doc/user/vim_diff.html. live.
61. Web site: GitHub – neovim/neovim: Vim-fork focused on extensibility and usability. GitHub. 2019-08-29. 18 February 2016. 10 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160210002828/https://github.com/neovim/neovim. live.
62. Web site: Switching to NeoVim. 31 March 2015. 18 February 2016. 16 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160216025559/http://arusahni.net/blog/2015/03/switching-to-neovim-part-1.html. live.
63. Web site: How to start using Neovim instead of Vim. 18 February 2016. 4 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170604054638/http://veelenga.com/editors/how-to-start-using-neovim-instead-of-vim/. live.
64. Web site: Vim's 25th anniversary and the release of Vim 8 [LWN.net] ]. Eddie Kovsky . lwn.net . 1 February 2017 . 13 June 2023 .
65. Web site: Vimcasts.org blog post. 18 February 2016. 17 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210817071909/http://vimcasts.org/blog/2014/03/support-neovim/. live.
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