| Official Name: | Villa Pesqueira Municipality |
| Settlement Type: | Municipality |
| Pushpin Map: | Mexico |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | Sonora |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Rafael del Castillo Ortiz |
| Established Title: | Founded |
| Established Date: | 1629 |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Municipality |
| Population Blank2 Title: | Demonym |
| Timezone: | Pacific (US Mountain) |
| Utc Offset: | -7 |
| Timezone Dst: | No DST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | -7 |
| Coordinates: | 29.1°N -166°W |
| Elevation M: | 634 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
Villa Pesqueira Municipality is a town, and the surrounding municipality of the same name, in the central region of the Mexican state of Sonora.
It was founded in 1629 by the missionary Martín de Azpilcueta as (San José de) Mátapa. The State Congress ordered the change to its current name, at the inhabitants' request, on 11 February 1867.
The municipality was created on 11 December 1930, with the division of its territory from the adjacent municipality of Ures Municipality.
The municipal area is 1,834.13 km2.
The population was 1,590, of whom 96% lived in the urban area.
The main economic activities are cattle raising (18,000 head in 2005), subsistence farming, and mining.