| Vilkija | |
| Settlement Type: | Town |
| Pushpin Map: | Lithuania |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of Vilkija |
| Coordinates: | 55.05°N 23.5833°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Ethnographic region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Aukštaitija |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Kaunas County |
| Subdivision Type3: | Municipality |
| Subdivision Name3: | Kaunas district municipality |
| Subdivision Type4: | Eldership |
| Subdivision Name4: | Vilkija eldership |
| Subdivision Type6: | Capital of |
| Subdivision Name6: | Vilkija eldership |
| Established Date: | 1364 |
| Established Title: | First mentioned |
| Established Date2: | 1792 |
| Established Title2: | Granted city rights |
| Population Total: | 1,738 |
| Population As Of: | 2022 |
| Timezone: | EET |
| Utc Offset: | +2 |
| Timezone Dst: | EEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +3 |
Vilkija is a town in the Kaunas district municipality, Lithuania. It is located 21km (13miles) north-west of Kaunas city municipality, right on the north side of the river Nemunas, the most important river in Lithuania.
The exact origin of the town name is not known, but it is derived from the Lithuanian word Lithuanian: vilkas (which means wolf).[1] According to a legend, people who lived on the opposite side of Nemunas river heard the packs of wolves howling in the surroundings of the place where contemporary town is situated; since then, this land was called Vilkija and this name may have been derived from words vilkų gauja meaning a pack of wolves.
Names in other languages include pl|Wilki; yi|ווילקי|translit=Vilki.
Vilkija was first mention in chronicles in 1364 as Wilkenbethe. In 1369, Vilkija Castle (or Paštuva Castle, near the current village of Jaučakiai village) was destroyed.[2] On 2 September 1430 September, Vilkija is mentioned by the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas in a letter to the Teutonic master Paul von Rusdorf. In 1450, the first Lithuanian customs house on the Nemunas near Vilkija is mentioned in the documents of Gdańsk merchants. The land and water trade routes Vilnius-Königsberg passed through Vilkija, which encouraged the growth of the settlement.[2]
During World War II, the town was under Soviet occupation from 1940, and then under German occupation from 1941 to 1944. During summer and fall 1941, mass executions of 800 Jews were perpetrated by an Einsatzgruppen of Germans and Lithuanian nationalists. Murdered Jews were from Vilkija and nearby villages.[3]