| Viktor Melantyev | |
| Fullname: | Viktor Sergeyevich Melantyev |
| Nationality: | Russian |
| Birth Date: | 2 June 1986 |
| Birth Place: | Bryukhovetskaya, Krasnodar Krai, RSFSR, USSR (now Russia) |
| Height: | 1.95 m |
| Weight: | 95 kg |
| Country: | Russia |
| Sport: | Canoe sprint |
| Show-Medals: | no |
Viktor Sergeyevich Melantyev (Russian: Виктор Сергеевич Мелантьев; born 2 June 1986) is a Russian sprint canoeist who has competed since the late 2000s. He won a complete set of medals at the 2009 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Dartmouth with a gold in the C-1 4 × 200 m, a silver in the C-4 200 m, and a bronze in the C-2 1000 m events.
Melantev also competed in the C-1 1000 m event at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, but was eliminated in the semifinals.