Vienna South West (National Council electoral district) explained

Vienna South West
Nativename:German: Wien Süd-West
Constituency Type:Electoral District
Parl Name:National Council
District Label:District
Region Label:State
Region:Vienna
Population:351,350 (2024)[1]
Electorate:210,813 (2019)
Area:107 km2 (2023)[2]
Year:1994
Seats:6 (1994–present)
Members Label:Members[3]
Previous:Vienna

Vienna South West (German: Wien Süd-West), also known as Electoral District 9E (German: Wahlkreis 9E), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Hietzing, Liesing, Penzing and Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus in the city-state of Vienna. The electoral district currently elects six of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 210,813 registered electors.

History

Vienna South West was one 43 regional electoral districts (German: regionalwahlkreise) established by the "National Council Electoral Regulations 1992" (German: Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992) passed by the National Council in 1992.[4] It consisted of the districts of Hietzing, Liesing, Penzing and Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus in the city-state of Vienna.[5] The district was initially allocated six seats in May 1993.[6]

Electoral system

Vienna South West currently elects six of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[7] [8] [9] The allocation of seats is carried out in three stages.[10] In the first stage, seats are allocated to parties (lists) at the regional level using a state-wide Hare quota (German: wahlzahl) (valid votes in the state divided by the number of seats in the state).[11] [12] In the second stage, seats are allocated to parties at the state/provincial level using the state-wide Hare quota (any seats won by the party at the regional stage are subtracted from the party's state seats).[11] [12] In the third and final stage, seats are allocated to parties at the federal/national level using the D'Hondt method (any seats won by the party at the regional and state stages are subtracted from the party's federal seats).[11] [12] Only parties that reach the 4% national threshold, or have won a seat at the regional stage, compete for seats at the state and federal stages.[11] [12]

Electors may cast one preferential vote for individual candidates at the regional, state and federal levels.[12] Split-ticket voting (panachage), or voting for more than one candidate at each level, is not permitted and will result in the ballot paper being invalidated.[12] [13] At the regional level, candidates must receive preferential votes amounting to at least 14% of the valid votes cast for their party to over-ride the order of the party list (10% and 7% respectively for the state and federal levels).[13] Prior to April 2013 electors could not cast preferential votes at the federal level and the thresholds candidates needed to over-ride the party list order were higher at the regional level (half the Hare quota or of the party votes) and state level (Hare quota).[12] [14] [15]

Election results

Summary

Election valign=bottom colspan=3Communists
KPÖ+ / KPÖ !
valign=bottom colspan=3Social Democrats
SPÖ !
valign=bottom colspan=3Greens
GRÜNE !
valign=bottom colspan=3NEOS
NEOS / LiF !
valign=bottom colspan=3People's
ÖVP !
valign=bottom colspan=3Freedom
FPÖ
colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
1,055 0.68% 0 39,173 25.20% 1 31,487 20.26% 1 16,542 10.64% 0 42,245 27.18% 1 18,858 12.13% 0
2,001 1.23% 0 52,482 32.22% 1 9,263 5.69% 0 11,517 7.07% 0 40,216 24.69% 1 33,029 20.27% 1
2,207 1.47% 0 45,103 29.95% 1 23,939 15.90% 0 12,533 8.32% 0 26,075 17.32% 1 28,746 19.09% 1
1,509 0.95% 0 52,650 33.30% 2 25,055 15.85% 0 6,711 4.24% 0 31,060 19.64% 1 29,725 18.80% 1
1,657 1.09% 0 59,086 38.74% 2 26,480 17.36% 1 38,521 25.25% 1 19,686 12.91% 0
845 0.53% 0 65,746 41.29% 2 23,323 14.65% 0 1,798 1.13% 0 54,156 34.01% 2 12,323 7.74% 0
1,123 0.74% 0 55,092 36.51% 2 15,428 10.22% 0 10,404 6.89% 0 29,300 19.42% 1 36,141 23.95% 1
550 0.33% 0 69,182 41.79% 2 9,787 5.91% 0 14,984 9.05% 0 36,721 22.18% 1 32,120 19.40% 1
585 0.37% 0 57,837 36.93% 2 15,239 9.73% 0 16,869 10.77% 0 29,332 18.73% 1 34,521 22.04% 1

Detailed

2010s

2019

Results of the 2019 legislative election held on 29 September 2019:[16] [17]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Hiet-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Lie-
sing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Pen-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Rudolfs-
heim-
Fünf-
haus
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 10,084 15,392 11,371 4,665 733 42,245 27.18% 1
SPÖ 5,624 14,631 10,824 7,592 502 39,173 25.20% 1
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 5,716 8,265 9,373 7,449 684 31,487 20.26% 1
FPÖ 2,768 7,969 5,124 2,705 292 18,858 12.13% 0
NEOS 4,181 5,491 4,552 1,976 342 16,542 10.64% 0
JETZT 878 1,395 1,276 797 100 4,446 2.86% 0
KPÖ+ 128 322 290 303 12 1,055 0.68% 0
BIER 126 341 259 134 15 875 0.56% 0
WANDL 92 228 247 179 16 762 0.49% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 29,597 54,034 43,316 25,800 2,696 155,443 100.00% 3
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 186 402 365 175 14 1,142 0.73%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 29,783 54,436 43,681 25,975 2,710 156,585 74.28%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 38,030 73,679 59,858 39,246 210,813
align=left colspan=3Turnout 78.31% 73.88% 72.97% 66.19% 74.28%

The following candidates were elected:[18] [19]

2017

Results of the 2017 legislative election held on 15 October 2017:[20] [21]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Hiet-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Lie-
sing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Pen-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Rudolfs-
heim-
Fünf-
haus
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 8,019 18,248 14,754 10,679 782 52,482 32.22% 1
ÖVP 10,739 13,578 10,789 4,448 662 40,216 24.69% 1
FPÖ 4,633 13,671 9,101 5,165 459 33,029 20.27% 1
PILZ 2,376 3,685 3,639 2,466 237 12,403 7.61% 0
NEOS 3,014 3,573 3,181 1,490 259 11,517 7.07% 0
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 1,734 2,137 2,770 2,400 222 9,263 5.69% 0
KPÖ 274 460 537 692 38 2,001 1.23% 0
GILT 191 495 412 231 21 1,350 0.83% 0
The Whites WEIßE 31 63 52 29 5 180 0.11% 0
FLÖ 32 54 39 17 1 143 0.09% 0
Homeless in Politics ODP 26 43 34 37 1 141 0.09% 0
EUAUS 17 38 36 28 1 120 0.07% 0
SLP 9 17 11 27 1 65 0.04% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 31,095 56,062 45,355 27,709 2,689 162,910 100.00% 3
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 174 399 301 263 16 1,153 0.70%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 31,269 56,461 45,656 27,972 2,705 164,063 78.01%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 38,353 71,666 60,022 40,271 210,312
align=left colspan=3Turnout 81.53% 78.78% 76.07% 69.46% 78.01%

The following candidates were elected:[22] [23]

2013

Results of the 2013 legislative election held on 29 September 2013:[24] [25]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Hiet-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Lie-
sing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Pen-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Rudolfs-
heim-
Fünf-
haus
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 6,455 17,474 12,139 8,420 615 45,103 29.95% 1
FPÖ 4,072 11,358 8,278 4,680 358 28,746 19.09% 1
ÖVP 7,827 7,752 7,123 2,862 511 26,075 17.32% 1
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 4,471 6,291 7,004 5,614 559 23,939 15.90% 0
NEOS 3,438 3,834 3,435 1,580 246 12,533 8.32% 0
FRANK 1,138 2,220 1,726 916 82 6,082 4.04% 0
BZÖ 836 1,453 1,145 489 98 4,021 2.67% 0
KPÖ 362 576 682 562 25 2,207 1.47% 0
PIRAT 276 422 422 315 19 1,454 0.97% 0
WANDL 34 63 74 81 5 257 0.17% 0
SLP 33 35 52 46 1 167 0.11% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 28,942 51,478 42,080 25,565 2,519 150,584 100.00% 3
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 340 700 644 394 36 2,114 1.38%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 29,282 52,178 42,724 25,959 2,555 152,698 72.21%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 38,778 70,939 60,622 41,115 211,454
align=left colspan=3Turnout 75.51% 73.55% 70.48% 63.14% 72.21%

The following candidates were elected:[26] [27]

Doris Bures (SPÖ) and Sebastian Kurz (ÖVP) resigned on 16 December 2013 and were replaced by Laura Rudas (SPÖ) and Erwin Rasinger (ÖVP) respectively on 17 December 2013.[28] Laura Rudas (SPÖ) resigned on 17 March 2014 and was replaced by Sabine Oberhauser (SPÖ) on 18 March 2014.[29]

2000s

2008

Results of the 2008 legislative election held on 28 September 2008:[30] [31]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Hiet-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Lie-
sing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Pen-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Rudolfs-
heim-
Fünf-
haus
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 7,649 19,046 14,030 9,812 2,113 52,650 33.30% 2
ÖVP 9,587 8,903 7,985 3,051 1,534 31,060 19.64% 1
FPÖ 4,142 11,022 8,270 5,233 1,058 29,725 18.80% 1
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 5,079 6,823 7,172 4,972 1,009 25,055 15.85% 0
BZÖ 1,381 2,916 2,111 1,029 379 7,816 4.94% 0
LiF 1,545 1,964 1,837 1,088 277 6,711 4.24% 0
KPÖ 218 461 399 380 51 1,509 0.95% 0
FRITZ 259 460 377 192 74 1,362 0.86% 0
RETTÖ 190 317 297 158 37 999 0.63% 0
DC 110 203 180 136 24 653 0.41% 0
TRP 68 137 114 63 13 395 0.25% 0
LINKE 19 51 46 52 4 172 0.11% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 30,247 52,303 42,818 26,166 6,573 158,107 100.00% 4
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 415 743 725 409 82 2,374 1.48%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 30,662 53,046 43,543 26,575 6,655 160,481 75.61%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 39,979 70,042 61,088 41,139 212,248
align=left colspan=3Turnout 76.70% 75.73% 71.28% 64.60% 75.61%

The following candidates were elected:[32] [33]

Doris Bures (SPÖ) and Andreas Schieder (SPÖ) resigned on 2 December 2008 and were replaced by Laura Rudas (SPÖ) and Wolfgang Katzian (SPÖ) respectively on 3 December 2008.[34] Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) resigned on 8 September 2011 and was replaced by Wolfgang Gerstl (ÖVP) on 9 September 2011.[35]

2006

Results of the 2006 legislative election held on 1 October 2006:[36] [37]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Hiet-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Lie-
sing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Pen-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Rudolfs-
heim-
Fünf-
haus
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 8,199 20,145 15,164 10,849 4,729 59,086 38.74% 2
ÖVP 10,132 10,741 9,253 3,812 4,583 38,521 25.25% 1
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 5,288 6,939 7,049 4,552 2,652 26,480 17.36% 1
FPÖ 2,817 6,571 5,483 3,533 1,282 19,686 12.91% 0
MATIN 521 1,174 948 471 296 3,410 2.24% 0
BZÖ 453 943 698 429 224 2,747 1.80% 0
KPÖ 249 501 419 371 117 1,657 1.09% 0
NFÖ 99 188 152 76 51 566 0.37% 0
SLP 57 103 93 103 24 380 0.25% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 27,815 47,305 39,259 24,196 13,958 152,533 100.00% 4
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 334 547 497 290 105 1,773 1.15%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 28,149 47,852 39,756 24,486 14,063 154,306 74.54%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 39,638 67,471 59,485 40,414 207,008
align=left colspan=3Turnout 71.02% 70.92% 66.83% 60.59% 74.54%

The following candidates were elected:[38] [39]

Doris Bures (SPÖ) resigned on 15 January 2007 and was replaced by Laura Rudas (SPÖ) on 16 January 2007.[40] Andreas Schieder (SPÖ) resigned on 2 July 2008 and was replaced by Laura Rudas (SPÖ) whose vacant seat was filled by Doris Bures (SPÖ) on 3 July 2008.[41]

2002

Results of the 2002 legislative election held on 24 November 2002:[42] [43]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Hiet-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Lie-
sing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Pen-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Rudolfs-
heim-
Fünf-
haus
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 9,747 22,684 17,620 12,136 3,559 65,746 41.29% 2
ÖVP 13,469 16,153 13,999 6,680 3,855 54,156 34.01% 2
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 4,600 6,164 6,405 4,408 1,746 23,323 14.65% 0
FPÖ 2,106 3,822 3,358 2,411 626 12,323 7.74% 0
LiF 308 585 506 307 92 1,798 1.13% 0
KPÖ 132 290 220 171 32 845 0.53% 0
SLP 107 201 188 175 8 679 0.43% 0
57 105 117 70 15 364 0.23% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 30,526 50,004 42,413 26,358 9,933 159,234 100.00% 4
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 272 466 492 277 65 1,572 0.98%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 30,798 50,470 42,905 26,635 9,998 160,806 80.00%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 39,078 64,815 57,810 39,315 201,018
align=left colspan=3Turnout 78.81% 77.87% 74.22% 67.75% 80.00%

The following candidates were elected:[44] [45]

Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) resigned on 4 March 2003 and was replaced by Roderich Regler (ÖVP) on 5 March 2003.[46]

1990s

1999

Results of the 1999 legislative election held on 3 October 1999:[47] [48]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Hiet-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Lie-
sing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Pen-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Rudolfs-
heim-
Fünf-
haus
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 8,748 17,713 14,407 9,817 4,407 55,092 36.51% 2
FPÖ 5,960 11,118 9,647 6,631 2,785 36,141 23.95% 1
ÖVP 8,268 7,642 7,145 3,110 3,135 29,300 19.42% 1
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 3,131 4,076 4,173 2,598 1,450 15,428 10.22% 0
LiF 2,353 2,827 2,730 1,521 973 10,404 6.89% 0
DU 398 790 717 489 224 2,618 1.73% 0
KPÖ 186 340 284 249 64 1,123 0.74% 0
No to NATO and EU –
Neutral Austria Citizens' Initiative
NEIN 166 224 214 150 41 795 0.53% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 29,210 44,730 39,317 24,565 13,079 150,901 100.00% 4
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 390 635 526 374 103 2,028 1.33%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 29,600 45,365 39,843 24,939 13,182 152,929 75.81%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 41,198 62,371 58,228 39,925 201,722
align=left colspan=3Turnout 71.85% 72.73% 68.43% 62.46% 75.81%

The following candidates were elected:[49] [50]

Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) resigned on 7 February 2000 and was replaced by Martina Pecher (ÖVP) on 8 February 2000.[51] Herbert Scheibner (FPÖ) resigned on 10 February 2000 and was replaced by Wolfgang Jung (FPÖ).[52]

1995

Results of the 1995 legislative election held on 17 December 1995:[53] [54]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Hiet-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Lie-
sing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Pen-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Rudolfs-
heim-
Fünf-
haus
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 11,312 22,229 18,782 13,669 3,190 69,182 41.79% 2
ÖVP 10,797 9,847 9,519 4,477 2,081 36,721 22.18% 1
FPÖ 5,261 9,635 8,925 6,869 1,430 32,120 19.40% 1
LiF 3,219 4,691 4,098 2,198 778 14,984 9.05% 0
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 1,896 2,580 2,767 1,985 559 9,787 5.91% 0
No – Civic Action Group
Against the Sale of Austria
NEIN 346 544 549 363 87 1,889 1.14% 0
KPÖ 94 202 135 100 19 550 0.33% 0
ÖNP 80 87 89 55 12 323 0.20% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 33,005 49,815 44,864 29,716 8,156 165,556 100.00% 4
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 455 743 797 444 59 2,498 1.49%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 33,460 50,558 45,661 30,160 8,215 168,054 81.11%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 42,475 62,480 60,148 42,080 207,183
align=left colspan=3Turnout 78.78% 80.92% 75.91% 71.67% 81.11%

The following candidates were elected:[55] [56]

1994

Results of the 1994 legislative election held on 9 October 1994:[57] [58]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !
align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Hiet-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Lie-
sing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Pen-
zing
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Rudolfs-
heim-
Fünf-
haus
!
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 9,463 18,143 15,316 11,065 3,850 57,837 36.93% 2
FPÖ 5,844 9,935 9,321 6,952 2,469 34,521 22.04% 1
ÖVP 8,307 7,371 7,297 3,601 2,756 29,332 18.73% 1
LiF 3,743 5,207 4,362 2,290 1,267 16,869 10.77% 0
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 3,205 4,054 4,136 2,691 1,153 15,239 9.73% 0
No – Civic Action Group
Against the Sale of Austria
NEIN 248 465 511 287 161 1,672 1.07% 0
KPÖ 110 188 142 112 33 585 0.37% 0
ÖNP 58 75 74 43 14 264 0.17% 0
Citizen Greens Austria – Free Democrats BGÖ 48 34 34 21 10 147 0.09% 0
United Greens Austria – List Adi Pinter VGÖ 32 35 39 29 7 142 0.09% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 31,058 45,507 41,232 27,091 11,720 156,608 100.00% 4
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 424 681 723 415 96 2,339 1.47%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 31,482 46,188 41,955 27,506 11,816 158,947 75.43%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 43,274 62,741 61,303 43,408 210,726
align=left colspan=3Turnout 72.75% 73.62% 68.44% 63.37% 75.43%

The following candidates were elected:[59] [60]

Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) resigned on 12 December 1994 and was replaced by Ingrid Tichy-Schreder (ÖVP) on 15 December 1994.[61] [62] [63]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn nach Politischen Bezirken bzw. Wiener Gemeindebezirken seit 2002 . . 9 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  2. Web site: Stadtgebiet nach Nutzungsklassen und Gemeindebezirken . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240625151846/https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/ogd/jahrbuch/stadtraum/tab_1.1.2_stadtgebiet_.csv . 25 June 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  3. Web site: Nationalrat: Abgeordnete zum Nationalrat . . 14 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  4. 471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1885 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  5. 471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1920 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  6. 322. Kundmachung: Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates . . 11 May 1993 . 1993 . 118 . 2708 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20231029000533/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1993_322_0/1993_322_0.pdf . 29 October 2023 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  7. Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Wahlkreiseinteilung . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240421071143/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Wahlkreiseinteilung.aspx . 21 April 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  8. Web site: Austrian National Council 2019 General . Election Guide . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240228065006/https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3350/ . 28 February 2024 . Arlington, U.S.A..
  9. Web site: Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Austria . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240403205755/https://www.coe.int/en/web/electoral-assistance/elecdata-austria . 3 April 2024 . Strasbourg, France.
  10. Book: Müller . Wolfgang C. . Gallagher . Michael . Mitchell . Paul . The Politics of Electoral Systems . 15 September 2005 . . Oxford, UK . 9780191603280 . 396–416 . 10 July 2024 . Austria: A Complex Electoral System with Subtle Effects.
  11. Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Überblick . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231231143451/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/ . 31 December 2023 . Vienna, Austria . de.
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