Vienna Inner West (National Council electoral district) explained

Vienna Inner West
Nativename:German: Wien Innen-West
Constituency Type:Electoral District
Parl Name:National Council
District Label:District
Region Label:State
Region:Vienna
Population:145,567 (2024)[1]
Electorate:94,800 (2019)
Area:10 km2 (2023)[2]
Year:1994
Seats:3 (1994–present)
Members Label:Members
Previous:Vienna

Vienna Inner West (German: Wien Innen-West), also known as Electoral District 9B (German: Wahlkreis 9B), is one of the 39 multi-member regional electoral districts of the National Council, the lower house of the Austrian Parliament, the national legislature of Austria. The electoral district was created in 1992 when electoral regulations were amended to add regional electoral districts to the existing state-wide electoral districts and came into being at the following legislative election in 1994. It consists of the districts of Alsergrund, Innere Stadt, Josefstadt, Mariahilf and Neubau in the city-state of Vienna. The electoral district currently elects three of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 legislative election the constituency had 94,800 registered electors.

History

Vienna Inner West was one 43 regional electoral districts (German: regionalwahlkreise) established by the "National Council Electoral Regulations 1992" (German: Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992) passed by the National Council in 1992.[3] It consisted of the districts of Alsergrund, Innere Stadt, Josefstadt, Mariahilf and Neubau in the city-state of Vienna.[4] The district was initially allocated three seats in May 1993.[5]

Electoral system

Vienna Inner West currently elects three of the 183 members of the National Council using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[6] [7] [8] The allocation of seats is carried out in three stages.[9] In the first stage, seats are allocated to parties (lists) at the regional level using a state-wide Hare quota (German: wahlzahl) (valid votes in the state divided by the number of seats in the state).[10] [11] In the second stage, seats are allocated to parties at the state/provincial level using the state-wide Hare quota (any seats won by the party at the regional stage are subtracted from the party's state seats).[10] [11] In the third and final stage, seats are allocated to parties at the federal/national level using the D'Hondt method (any seats won by the party at the regional and state stages are subtracted from the party's federal seats).[10] [11] Only parties that reach the 4% national threshold, or have won a seat at the regional stage, compete for seats at the state and federal stages.[10] [11]

Electors may cast one preferential vote for individual candidates at the regional, state and federal levels.[11] Split-ticket voting (panachage), or voting for more than one candidate at each level, is not permitted and will result in the ballot paper being invalidated.[11] [12] At the regional level, candidates must receive preferential votes amounting to at least 14% of the valid votes cast for their party to over-ride the order of the party list (10% and 7% respectively for the state and federal levels).[12] Prior to April 2013 electors could not cast preferential votes at the federal level and the thresholds candidates needed to over-ride the party list order were higher at the regional level (half the Hare quota or of the party votes) and state level (Hare quota).[11] [13] [14]

Election results

Summary

Election valign=bottom colspan=3Communists
KPÖ+ / KPÖ !		valign=bottom colspan=3Social Democrats
SPÖ !		valign=bottom colspan=3Greens
GRÜNE !		valign=bottom colspan=3NEOS
NEOS / LiF !		valign=bottom colspan=3People's
ÖVP !		valign=bottom colspan=3Freedom
FPÖ
colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3 colspan=3
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
643 0.86% 0 14,315 19.12% 0 24,037 32.10% 0 10,517 14.05% 0 16,990 22.69% 0 4,926 6.58% 0
1,505 1.92% 0 25,290 32.34% 0 7,978 10.20% 0 7,549 9.65% 0 19,159 24.50% 0 7,771 9.94% 0
1,595 2.25% 0 14,968 21.14% 0 19,573 27.64% 0 9,170 12.95% 0 13,589 19.19% 0 7,020 9.91% 0
1,050 1.42% 0 16,605 22.40% 0 20,584 27.77% 0 5,398 7.28% 0 18,451 24.89% 0 7,540 10.17% 0
1,201 1.64% 0 20,135 27.51% 0 22,097 30.19% 0 21,652 29.58% 0 5,472 7.48% 0
423 0.52% 0 23,493 28.61% 0 21,651 26.36% 0 954 1.16% 0 30,175 36.74% 1 5,093 6.20% 0
730 0.94% 0 19,668 25.42% 0 12,712 16.43% 0 9,665 12.49% 0 18,736 24.22% 0 14,485 18.72% 0
256 0.30% 0 28,178 33.26% 1 8,111 9.57% 0 9,888 11.67% 0 23,663 27.93% 0 13,727 16.20% 0
290 0.37% 0 20,669 26.54% 0 11,542 14.82% 0 10,147 13.03% 0 19,595 25.16% 0 14,660 18.82% 0

Detailed

2010s

2019

Results of the 2019 legislative election held on 29 September 2019:[15] [16]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !		align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Alser-
grund !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Innere
Stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Josef-
stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Maria-
hilf !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Neu-
bau !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 6,408 1,667 4,120 5,148 6,044 650 24,037 32.10% 0
ÖVP 4,390 3,274 2,912 3,001 2,892 521 16,990 22.69% 0
SPÖ 3,919 1,487 2,283 3,211 3,121 294 14,315 19.12% 0
NEOS 2,827 1,493 1,813 1,913 2,121 350 10,517 14.05% 0
FPÖ 1,340 677 781 1,059 928 141 4,926 6.58% 0
JETZT 708 259 510 532 692 94 2,795 3.73% 0
KPÖ+ 180 36 133 132 153 9 643 0.86% 0
WANDL 112 26 63 80 110 10 401 0.54% 0
BIER 92 23 44 55 38 4 256 0.34% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 19,976 8,942 12,659 15,131 16,099 2,073 74,880 100.00% 0
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 97 21 61 87 73 8 347 0.46%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 20,073 8,963 12,720 15,218 16,172 2,081 75,227 79.35%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 26,128 11,772 15,824 20,431 20,645 94,800
align=left colspan=3Turnout 76.83% 76.14% 80.38% 74.48% 78.33% 79.35%
2017

Results of the 2017 legislative election held on 15 October 2017:[17] [18]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !		align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Alser-
grund !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Innere
Stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Josef-
stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Maria-
hilf !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Neu-
bau !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 6,812 2,383 4,060 5,622 5,830 583 25,290 32.34% 0
ÖVP 4,929 3,680 3,374 3,317 3,216 643 19,159 24.50% 0
PILZ 2,139 701 1,425 1,703 1,974 228 8,170 10.45% 0
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 2,108 616 1,352 1,665 2,002 235 7,978 10.20% 0
FPÖ 2,256 954 1,191 1,685 1,485 200 7,771 9.94% 0
NEOS 2,018 977 1,295 1,443 1,511 305 7,549 9.65% 0
KPÖ 453 60 279 335 350 28 1,505 1.92% 0
GILT 164 38 83 119 126 9 539 0.69% 0
FLÖ 14 5 9 13 13 2 56 0.07% 0
The Whites WEIßE 12 7 8 6 22 1 56 0.07% 0
EUAUS 12 6 9 12 6 2 47 0.06% 0
Homeless in Politics ODP 9 3 11 7 8 0 38 0.05% 0
SLP 12 0 5 5 9 0 31 0.04% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 20,938 9,430 13,101 15,932 16,552 2,236 78,189 100.00% 0
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 85 37 61 71 73 7 334 0.43%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 21,023 9,467 13,162 16,003 16,625 2,243 78,523 81.50%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 26,590 12,034 16,179 20,793 20,751 96,347
align=left colspan=3Turnout 79.06% 78.67% 81.35% 76.96% 80.12% 81.50%
2013

Results of the 2013 legislative election held on 29 September 2013:[19] [20]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !		align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Alser-
grund !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Innere
Stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Josef-
stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Maria-
hilf !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Neu-
bau !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 5,162 1,474 3,343 4,123 4,838 633 19,573 27.64% 0
SPÖ 4,176 1,582 2,354 3,217 3,297 342 14,968 21.14% 0
ÖVP 3,346 2,579 2,507 2,321 2,242 594 13,589 19.19% 0
NEOS 2,411 1,343 1,588 1,673 1,832 323 9,170 12.95% 0
FPÖ 2,083 796 1,085 1,516 1,355 185 7,020 9.91% 0
FRANK 607 425 335 460 408 59 2,294 3.24% 0
KPÖ 410 106 281 383 377 38 1,595 2.25% 0
BZÖ 392 206 283 262 290 79 1,512 2.14% 0
PIRAT 231 54 143 170 197 26 821 1.16% 0
WANDL 48 15 28 32 60 5 188 0.27% 0
SLP 27 2 12 20 22 1 84 0.12% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 18,893 8,582 11,959 14,177 14,918 2,285 70,814 100.00% 0
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 244 82 139 229 187 24 905 1.26%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 19,137 8,664 12,098 14,406 15,105 2,309 71,719 73.63%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 26,856 12,407 16,449 20,831 20,868 97,411
align=left colspan=3Turnout 71.26% 69.83% 73.55% 69.16% 72.38% 73.63%

2000s

2008

Results of the 2008 legislative election held on 28 September 2008:[21] [22]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !		align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Alser-
grund !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Innere
Stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Josef-
stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Maria-
hilf !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Neu-
bau !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 5,242 1,827 3,484 4,048 4,773 1,210 20,584 27.77% 0
ÖVP 4,452 3,562 3,115 2,948 2,742 1,632 18,451 24.89% 0
SPÖ 4,716 1,673 2,434 3,355 3,449 978 16,605 22.40% 0
FPÖ 2,097 749 1,108 1,633 1,436 517 7,540 10.17% 0
LiF 1,338 640 897 1,060 1,150 313 5,398 7.28% 0
BZÖ 718 454 449 559 517 216 2,913 3.93% 0
KPÖ 269 85 166 238 253 39 1,050 1.42% 0
FRITZ 134 64 77 99 117 50 541 0.73% 0
RETTÖ 121 47 54 75 55 33 385 0.52% 0
DC 83 43 37 65 52 20 300 0.40% 0
TRP 45 39 39 53 50 10 236 0.32% 0
LINKE 30 7 18 27 27 10 119 0.16% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 19,245 9,190 11,878 14,160 14,621 5,028 74,122 100.00% 0
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 257 88 148 192 194 69 948 1.26%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 19,502 9,278 12,026 14,352 14,815 5,097 75,070 74.84%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 27,600 14,009 16,763 21,022 20,910 100,304
align=left colspan=3Turnout 70.66% 66.23% 71.74% 68.27% 70.85% 74.84%
2006

Results of the 2006 legislative election held on 1 October 2006:[23] [24]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !		align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Alser-
grund !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Innere
Stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Josef-
stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Maria-
hilf !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Neu-
bau !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 4,936 1,782 3,367 3,995 4,691 3,326 22,097 30.19% 0
ÖVP 4,678 3,377 3,205 3,180 2,987 4,225 21,652 29.58% 0
SPÖ 5,273 1,780 2,787 3,863 3,922 2,510 20,135 27.51% 0
FPÖ 1,451 559 774 1,105 997 586 5,472 7.48% 0
KPÖ 293 95 175 266 240 132 1,201 1.64% 0
MATIN 326 117 155 216 216 157 1,187 1.62% 0
BZÖ 267 135 165 179 191 156 1,093 1.49% 0
NFÖ 57 24 29 29 31 27 197 0.27% 0
SLP 56 12 16 33 33 18 168 0.23% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 17,337 7,881 10,673 12,866 13,308 11,137 73,202 100.00% 0
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 201 68 91 129 140 61 690 0.93%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 17,538 7,949 10,764 12,995 13,448 11,198 73,892 73.18%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 27,146 15,567 16,702 20,912 20,642 100,969
align=left colspan=3Turnout 64.61% 51.06% 64.45% 62.14% 65.15% 73.18%
2002

Results of the 2002 legislative election held on 24 November 2002:[25] [26]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !		align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Alser-
grund !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Innere
Stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Josef-
stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Maria-
hilf !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Neu-
bau !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
ÖVP 6,649 4,392 4,518 4,602 4,312 5,702 30,175 36.74% 1
SPÖ 5,947 2,244 3,165 4,310 4,275 3,552 23,493 28.61% 0
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 4,862 1,751 3,145 3,978 4,509 3,406 21,651 26.36% 0
FPÖ 1,249 637 764 888 873 682 5,093 6.20% 0
LiF 226 100 136 184 158 150 954 1.16% 0
KPÖ 116 30 65 66 97 49 423 0.52% 0
SLP 57 15 19 56 40 12 199 0.24% 0
42 11 21 20 30 15 139 0.17% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 19,148 9,180 11,833 14,104 14,294 13,568 82,127 100.00% 1
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 142 60 68 119 103 53 545 0.66%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 19,290 9,240 11,901 14,223 14,397 13,621 82,672 73.82%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 27,073 28,894 16,122 19,974 19,935 111,998
align=left colspan=3Turnout 71.25% 31.98% 73.82% 71.21% 72.22% 73.82%

The following candidates were elected:[27] [28]

Franz Morak (ÖVP) resigned on 4 March 2003 and was replaced by Carina Felzmann (ÖVP) on 5 March 2003.[29]

1990s

1999

Results of the 1999 legislative election held on 3 October 1999:[30] [31]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !		align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Alser-
grund !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Innere
Stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Josef-
stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Maria-
hilf !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Neu-
bau !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 4,812 1,686 2,366 3,400 3,452 3,952 19,668 25.42% 0
ÖVP 3,799 2,624 2,598 2,655 2,463 4,597 18,736 24.22% 0
FPÖ 3,530 1,621 1,963 2,544 2,309 2,518 14,485 18.72% 0
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 2,780 1,034 1,905 2,196 2,587 2,210 12,712 16.43% 0
LiF 2,093 1,125 1,385 1,604 1,634 1,824 9,665 12.49% 0
DU 245 97 160 198 211 135 1,046 1.35% 0
KPÖ 216 50 98 145 142 79 730 0.94% 0
No to NATO and EU –
Neutral Austria Citizens' Initiative 		NEIN 81 34 35 70 46 50 316 0.41% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 17,556 8,271 10,510 12,812 12,844 15,365 77,358 100.00% 0
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 199 55 97 123 133 88 695 0.89%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 17,755 8,326 10,607 12,935 12,977 15,453 78,053 67.95%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 27,719 31,258 16,083 19,969 19,833 114,862
align=left colspan=3Turnout 64.05% 26.64% 65.95% 64.78% 65.43% 67.95%
1995

Results of the 1995 legislative election held on 17 December 1995:[32] [33]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !		align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Alser-
grund !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Innere
Stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Josef-
stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Maria-
hilf !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Neu-
bau !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 7,185 2,740 3,709 5,024 5,145 4,375 28,178 33.26% 1
ÖVP 5,125 3,885 3,668 3,656 3,455 3,874 23,663 27.93% 0
FPÖ 3,589 1,671 1,951 2,520 2,454 1,542 13,727 16.20% 0
LiF 2,380 1,168 1,536 1,751 1,764 1,289 9,888 11.67% 0
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 1,859 647 1,246 1,528 1,664 1,167 8,111 9.57% 0
No – Civic Action Group
Against the Sale of Austria 		NEIN 237 92 125 139 124 43 760 0.90% 0
KPÖ 82 20 28 57 46 23 256 0.30% 0
ÖNP 35 15 25 24 25 19 143 0.17% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 20,492 10,238 12,288 14,699 14,677 12,332 84,726 100.00% 1
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 232 91 113 180 160 65 841 0.98%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 20,724 10,329 12,401 14,879 14,837 12,397 85,567 74.43%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 28,703 29,241 16,548 20,273 20,193 114,958
align=left colspan=3Turnout 72.20% 35.32% 74.94% 73.39% 73.48% 74.43%

The following candidates were elected:[34] [35]

Caspar Einem (SPÖ) resigned on 13 March 1996 and was replaced by Irmtraut Karlsson (SPÖ) on 14 March 1996.[36] [37] [38]

1994

Results of the 1994 legislative election held on 9 October 1994:[39] [40]

Party Votes per district align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"Total
Votes !		align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2 width="50"% !align=center valign=bottom rowspan=2Seats
align=center valign=bottom width="50"Alser-
grund !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Innere
Stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Josef-
stadt !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Maria-
hilf !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Neu-
bau !		align=center valign=bottom width="50"Voting
card
SPÖ 5,180 1,945 2,627 3,579 3,483 3,855 20,669 26.54% 0
ÖVP 4,109 2,912 2,776 2,809 2,735 4,254 19,595 25.16% 0
FPÖ 3,626 1,734 2,003 2,637 2,472 2,188 14,660 18.82% 0
align=left style="white-space: nowrap;"GRÜNE 2,611 1,070 1,792 2,083 2,233 1,753 11,542 14.82% 0
LiF 2,270 1,351 1,547 1,670 1,738 1,571 10,147 13.03% 0
No – Civic Action Group
Against the Sale of Austria 		NEIN 184 67 93 124 127 85 680 0.87% 0
KPÖ 69 13 47 63 51 47 290 0.37% 0
ÖNP 39 18 18 24 26 16 141 0.18% 0
Citizen Greens Austria – Free Democrats BGÖ 24 14 20 10 13 16 97 0.12% 0
United Greens Austria – List Adi Pinter VGÖ 11 7 8 10 14 9 59 0.08% 0
align=left colspan=3Valid Votes 18,123 9,131 10,931 13,009 12,892 13,794 77,880 100.00% 0
align=left colspan=3Rejected Votes 201 66 94 135 136 84 716 0.91%
align=left colspan=3Total Polled 18,324 9,197 11,025 13,144 13,028 13,878 78,596 68.62%
align=left colspan=3Registered Electors 28,503 28,819 16,579 20,442 20,196 114,539
align=left colspan=3Turnout 64.29% 31.91% 66.50% 64.30% 64.51% 68.62%

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn nach Politischen Bezirken bzw. Wiener Gemeindebezirken seit 2002 . . 9 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  2. Web site: Stadtgebiet nach Nutzungsklassen und Gemeindebezirken . . 9 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240625151846/https://www.wien.gv.at/statistik/ogd/jahrbuch/stadtraum/tab_1.1.2_stadtgebiet_.csv . 25 June 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  3. 471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1885 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  4. 471. Bundesgesetz über die Wahl des Nationalrates (Nationalrats-Wahlordnung 1992 — NRWO) . . 4 August 1992 . 1992 . 164 . 1920 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404022745/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1992_471_0/1992_471_0.pdf . 4 April 2024 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  5. 322. Kundmachung: Zahl der auf jeden Wahlkreis entfallenden Mandate für die Wahl des Nationalrates . . 11 May 1993 . 1993 . 118 . 2708 . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20231029000533/https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/1993_322_0/1993_322_0.pdf . 29 October 2023 . Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes.
  6. Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Wahlkreiseinteilung . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240421071143/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Wahlkreiseinteilung.aspx . 21 April 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  7. Web site: Austrian National Council 2019 General . Election Guide . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240228065006/https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3350/ . 28 February 2024 . Arlington, U.S.A..
  8. Web site: Electoral Assistance: ElecData, Compendium of Electoral Data - Austria . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240403205755/https://www.coe.int/en/web/electoral-assistance/elecdata-austria . 3 April 2024 . Strasbourg, France.
  9. Book: Müller . Wolfgang C. . Gallagher . Michael . Mitchell . Paul . The Politics of Electoral Systems . 15 September 2005 . . Oxford, UK . 9780191603280 . 396–416 . 10 July 2024 . Austria: A Complex Electoral System with Subtle Effects.
  10. Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Überblick . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231231143451/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/ . 31 December 2023 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  11. Web site: Reimink . Elwin . Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945: Austria . Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945 . Jean-Benoit Pilet and Alan Renwick . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226131754/https://www.electoralsystemchanges.eu/Files/media/MEDIA_764/FILE/Austria_summary.pdf . 26 February 2024 . 7–8.
  12. Web site: Nationalratswahlen: Vorzugsstimmen . . 10 July 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240119191451/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Vorzugsstimmen.aspx . 19 January 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de.
  13. Web site: Demokratiepaket soll Kluft zwischen Politik und Bürgern reduzieren . . 10 July 2024 . Vienna, Austria . de . 31 January 2013.
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  17. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2017: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 8 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211206233208/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2017/files/NRW17_endgueltiges_Gesamtergebnis.xlsx . 6 December 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
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  19. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2013: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 8 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210129221519/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2013/files/NRW13_endgueltiges_Gesamtergebnis.xlsx . 29 January 2021 . Vienna, Austria . de.
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  21. Web site: Nationalratswahl 2008: Ergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, Landeswahlkreisebene und Ergebnisse der Wahlkarten . . 16 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220228132617/https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/Nationalratswahlen/Nationalratswahl_2008/files/Ergebnis_end.zip . 28 February 2022 . Vienna, Austria . de.
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