| Victoria Angelova | |
| Birth Name: | Bulgarian: Виктория Ангелова |
| Birth Date: | 20 November 1902 |
| Birth Place: | Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria |
| Death Place: | Sofia, Bulgaria |
| Spouse: | Boris Vinarov (married in 1933) |
| Nationality: | Bulgarian |
| Other Names: | Victoria Angelova Vinarov |
| Occupation: | architect |
| Years Active: | 1926-1947 |
Victoria Angelova Vinarova (sometimes written Viktoria Angelova, Bulgarian: Виктория Ангелова-Винарова, 1902–1947) was one of the first female architects of Bulgaria. She is credited with having built the first modern, national art gallery in the Balkans.
Victoria Angelova was born on 20 November 1902[1] in Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria to Vasil Angelov, a merchant who had been educated in England. He named his daughter after Queen Victoria in homage. She graduated from the Vienna University of Technology and the Dresden Polytechnic[2] in 1924, seven years after Maria Luisa Doseva-Georgieva earned her license.[3] At the age of 24, she returned to Sofia and was working as an intern at the Ministry of Public Works when she won a contest for her first major commission. In 1933, Angelova married a fellow architect, Boris Vinarov and they set up a practice in Sofia.
Angelova worked during a period when most public projects were awarded after competitions which were open nationally. She designed buildings throughout the country, but is primarily known for those in Sofia. She was awarded the Order of Civil Merit for her architectural contributions to the country.[4] In 1944, the couple's home was bombed and they lost many of their personal effects, including their architectural drawings. They evacuated to Turnovo, where Angelova became ill with a severe case of pneumonia. Believing she had recovered, they returned to Sophia in 1946, but Angelova relapsed and died on 27 December 1947. Her husband died three months later.
The ministry held a contest in 1926 for designs of a new office building for the Ministry of Public Buildings, Roads and Public Works. Although Angelova won the contest, she was required to have the experienced architects and Yordan Yordanov (Bulgarian: Йордан Йорданов) oversee her work. The building covered an entire city block known as "Slaveykov Square" and was bounded by "GS Rakovski", "William Gladstone" and "Han Krum " streets. Construction began in 1928 and was completed four years later.
The design was Neoclassical and featured towering marble columns and mosaic floor tiles. Flanking the entrance were two statues, one female figure representing architecture and one male figure representing construction, as well as three stone heads in altorilievo adorning the doorways. The sculptures were completed by Mikhail Ivanov, Stephen Peychev and . The wide corridors and high ceilings are offset by stained glass designed by and made in Munich by F. Seiler. Today it houses the Metropolitan Library and the "Renaissance Theater" on one side and several doctors' and dentists' offices on the other.
From 1934 to 1941, Angelova worked on the National Art Gallery. The building was completed in 1942 and opened featuring a first floor which housed Renaissance paintings by Stanislav Dospevski, Nikolai Pavlovich, Hristo Tsokev, Zahari Zograf, as well as handcrafts from regions noted for folk artworks, such as Tryavna, Samokov and others. The second floor focused on contemporary Bulgarian art featuring painters and sculptors from the early 20th century.[5] When completed, the building was recognized as the first modern, national art gallery in the Balkans. It was bombed in 1944 and completely destroyed, along with its contents, which included the complete works of leading Bulgarian sculptor [6]
In 1936, Atanas Sirekov, the mayor of Burgas, initiated a design contest for a casino on Burgas Bay. Seventeen architects competed and Angelova won with a design she called "333". The building required a complex design due to the steep slope of the site and its panoramic view of the entire gulf area. Completed in 1938, the inauguration was attended by dignitaries from throughout the country, who received a special travel discount of 70% off the price of train tickets to attend. The building was abandoned in the late 1990s, but after almost 20 years of neglect, was restored and opened as a cultural center in 2011. The renovation project won the “Building of the Year” award for 2011.[7]
In 1937 after a lengthy study had taken place, an act was passed for the construction of a tubercular sanatorium in the village of . The Pulmonary Hospital was to be the largest facility of its kind in the Balkans and located 650 meters above sea level.[8] Angelova won the contract for the construction of the hospital and building was to begin shortly before World War II started. Ground was broken in 1939, but in 1940 after four stories were built, further construction was suspended until after the war ended. Construction resumed on 9 September 1944 but was not completed until 1955, nearly a decade after Angelova's death. The first patients were received at the hospital on 1 November 1955. Financial problems which began in 2013, forced the closure of the hospital in 2015.[9]