Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Explained

Victoria's Secret Fashion Show
Status:Defunct
Genre:Fashion show
Frequency:Annually
Founder Name:Edward Razek
Organized:Victoria's Secret

The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is an annual promotional event sponsored by and featuring Victoria's Secret, a brand of lingerie. From 1995 to 2018, Victoria's Secret used the show to market its goods in high-profile settings. Models under contract to the company, known as Victoria's Secret Angels, were key participants at the event. The fashion show was cancelled in 2019, the same year its organizer, Edward Razek, resigned under public pressure.[1] It made a comeback and was rebranded in 2023 as a Prime Video special titled, “The Tour ‘23”.

The fashion show, at its peak viewership in 2001, had millions tuning in to watch and was known to be a lavish event with elaborate costumed lingerie, music by leading entertainers, and set design with changing themes.[2] [3] With dozens of the world's top fashion models selected to perform in it each year, the fashion show attracted celebrities, entertainers, and regularly featured special performers and acts.

American network television broadcast the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show during prime time. The first few shows in the 1990s were held in the days preceding Valentine's Day, linking the brand to the holiday's romantic theme. In 1999 and 2000, the show was webcast. Beginning in 2001, the event was shifted to take place ahead of the Christmas and holiday season. The show made its network television broadcast debut on ABC in 2001, with subsequent years (2002–2017) broadcast on CBS; the event returned to ABC for the final 2018 edition. The event was frequently held in New York City at the Plaza Hotel or the 69th Regiment Armory, in addition to special host cities including Miami, Los Angeles, Cannes, Paris, London, and Shanghai.

Cancellation, officially announced in November 2019 amid declining ratings and sales and growing criticism of Razek, was influenced by both the reckoning of the Me Too movement, fourth-wave feminism, and the association of L Brands' CEO Les Wexner with sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Due to the immense amount of criticism, Victoria's Secret Fashion Show reconsidered its marketing strategy, which ultimately contributed to the end of the runway shows. The brand's focus changed to digital-platform marketing with the aim of restoring its reputation.[4] Critics of the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show considered it objectifying, lacking in diversity of body sizes,[5] and repeatedly inclined towards offensive cultural appropriation with its designs.

History

1995–2005

The first fashion show, introduced by Stephanie Seymour, was held at the Plaza Hotel in New York City in August 1995. The show also featured Beverly Peele and Frederique van der Wal. The inaugural show occurred two months before The Limited, parent company of Victoria's Secret owner Intimate Brands, sold an initial public offering of a 16 percent stake in the company at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).[6] Supermodel Stephanie Seymour rang the closing bell at the NYSE as part of the publicity campaign after the event had been promoted by full page adds in the Wall Street Journal.[7] [8] The subsequent three annual shows were also held at the Plaza Hotel.

In 1999, during Super Bowl XXXIII, Victoria's Secret announced a 72-hour countdown to the webcast of their fashion show, which resulted in over 2 million viewers.[9] Parent company Intimate Brands bought a $1.5 million, 30-second television advertisement during the Super Bowl broadcast and spent an additional $4 million on international newspaper publicity.[10] The event, hosted by Broadcast.com, featured Tyra Banks, Laetitia Casta, Heidi Klum, Karen Mulder, Daniela Peštová, Inés Rivero, and Seymour.[11] In 1999 and 2000, the show was broadcast live on the internet.

The May 2000 fashion show, held in France in sync with the Cannes Film Festival, was made with production help from Harvey Weinstein.[12] The event raised $3.5 million for the Cinema Against AIDS charity.[13]

The 2001 show, hosted by Rupert Everett, returned to New York City and was held at Bryant Park in the Valhalla structure, designed by Rudi Enos. All proceeds went towards the victims of the September 11 attacks. That year, the show made its broadcast debut on ABC, drawing millions of viewers as well as some controversy; the Federal Communications Commission received many complaints about the broadcast.[14] [15]

From 2002 through 2005, it was held at the Lexington Avenue Armory in New York City.

The 2004 show was canceled due to fallout from the Super Bowl halftime show controversy, an event known for accidental indecency with a "wardrobe malfunction".[16] In place of the fashion show, the company sent the Angels (Tyra Banks, Heidi Klum, Gisele Bündchen, Adriana Lima, and Alessandra Ambrosio) on an Angels Across America Tour in 2004 to promote the brand through visit to four major cities: New York City, Miami, Las Vegas, and Los Angeles.[17]

2006–2012

Victoria's Secret sister brand PINK made its debut on the runway starting in 2006 and was regularly featured in a segment of the fashion show each year afterward.

In 2006 and 2007, the Victoria's Secret fashion shows were held at the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles. On November 13, 2007, the company's Angels were honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame outside the Kodak Theatre as part of a celebration to mark Victoria's Secret's 25th anniversary on Hollywood Boulevard.[18] [19] [20] Justin Timberlake opened the show with his song "Sexy Back". This fashion show included the final walk of Gisele Bündchen.

The 2007 show featured a performance by the Spice Girls, the first American TV debut of the band's comeback.[21] After Kanye West canceled his appearance, will.i.am was called to perform in his place.[22]

The 2008 show coincided with the grand re-opening of the Fontainebleau Miami Beach hotel and had Usher as a featured performer. Unlike the other shows, the runway was designed parallel with the audience seats.

In 2009, the fashion show returned to the Lexington Avenue Armory and featured the “Victoria's Secret Model Search”, a competition to find a new runway Angel with the winner announced as Kylie Bisutti.[23]

The 2010 Victoria's Secret Fashion show aired on November 30, 2010, on CBS, and featured performances by Katy Perry and Akon.[24] A promotional ad featured a lipdub[25] for Katy Perry's "Firework".[26] As of 2010, 152 models have walked the show.[27]

In 2011, Kanye West started his song "Stronger" with a tribute to his mother who had died before his scheduled performance four years before, saying: "In 2007, I was supposed to perform this song on this show ...and I lost my superhero. Now she's my super-angel."[28]

In 2012, an outfit worn by model Karlie Kloss, which was reminiscent of Native American attire, sparked controversy due to its alleged stereotypical depiction of Native Americans, which amounted to cultural appropriation. Victoria's Secret released a statement of apology shortly after, saying that they will remove it from future advertisements and the broadcast. Kloss apologized on her Twitter account for the outfit and expressed her support for the outfit's removal in the broadcast.[29] Performers at VS 2012 include: Rihanna, Justin Bieber, and Bruno Mars.

2013–2019

The 2013 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show featured performances by Taylor Swift, A Great Big World, Neon Jungle, and Fall Out Boy.[30] Swift performed "I Knew You Were Trouble", A Great Big World performed "Say Something", UK's Neon Jungle made their US television debut with "Trouble", and Fall Out Boy performed with Taylor Swift in "My Songs Know What You Did In The Dark" and later performed "The Phoenix".[30]

In 2014, the Victoria's Secret Fashion show featured performances by Taylor Swift; Ed Sheeran, Ariana Grande, and Hozier.[31] Swift performed "Blank Space" and "Style". Ed Sheeran performed "Thinking Out Loud". Ariana Grande performed "Love Me Harder", "Bang Bang", "Break Free", and "Problem". Hozier performed "Take Me to Church". During the show, Ariana Grande was performing and was hit by accident by Elsa Hosk's wings.[32]

In 2015, the show featured performances by The Weeknd, Selena Gomez, and Ellie Goulding. The Weeknd performed "In the Night" and "Can't Feel My Face" for the show, while Gomez performed a medley of "Hands to Myself" and "Me & My Girls" for the PINK segment. Goulding was contracted as a replacement for Rihanna, who had canceled her appearance just one week before the show in order to focus on recording her album Anti. Goulding performed "Army" and "Love Me Like You Do" for the show.

In 2016, the Victoria's Secret Fashion show featured performances by The Weeknd (performed "Starboy"), Lady Gaga (performed "Million Reasons", plus a medley of "A-Yo" and "John Wayne"), and Bruno Mars (performed "Chunky" for the Pink brand and "24k Magic" for the VS brand).[33] The executive producer of Victoria's Secret, Ed Razek, chose Grand Palais in Paris, France, as the show's location. A major challenge faced with the show was the size of the building and how the show could be showcased on a small TV, as well as the natural lighting in the building, which would get in the way of the tradition of the show being held at night.[34] [35]

The 2017 show was held in Shanghai, China and was the first Victoria's Secret Fashion Show to be held in Asia.[36] The show featured the first-ever segment in collaboration with another brand, French fashion house Balmain. The theme and designs were co-steered by Victoria's Secret and Balmain creative director Olivier Rousteing.[37] Performers included Harry Styles (performed Kiwi and Only Angel), Miguel (performed Pineapple Skies and Told You So), Jane Zhang (performed a medley of Work For It, 808, and Dust My Shoulders Off), and Leslie Odom Jr. (performed Winter Song). A performance by Katy Perry was canceled due to her visa to travel to China being revoked. A week before the show was due to be filmed, model Gigi Hadid stated that she had been denied access to the show. Russian models were also reportedly denied visas for entry to China.[38]

In November 2018, the company's chief of marketing Ed Razek was criticized for comments he made in an interview with Vogue, suggesting that the fashion show did not cast trans women—whom he referred to using the now-rejected term "transsexuals"—because "the show is a fantasy". Razek apologized for the "insensitive" comments, noting that trans women have attempted to audition for the show in the past, but that "it was never about gender. I admire and respect their journey to embrace who they really are." Razek also faced criticism for similar comments regarding plus-size models, stating they had not attempted to do a show for them since 2000 since there was no viewer interest.[39] [40] Criticism of Razek for anachronistic and misogynistic business practices intensified, from both inside and outside the company, and he resigned in August 2019.

Discontinuation and spiritual successor

In May 2019, it was reported that L Brands CEO Les Wexner had issued a memo questioning the future of the show, stating that network television was no longer the "right fit", and that the company planned to focus on "developing exciting and dynamic content and a new kind of event."[41] Viewership of the show had fallen from 9.2 million viewers in 2014 to 3.2 million in 2018. Victoria's Secret had also been experiencing an overall decline due to increasing competition, as well as changing perceptions to the company's marketing—which a retail analyst described as encouraging women to objectify themselves to "impress men".[42] [43]

On November 21, 2019, L Brands CFO Stuart Burgdoerfer officially confirmed that the 2019 fashion show had been canceled, citing its declining viewership and lack of immediate "material impact" on Victoria's Secret sales post-broadcast. He re-affirmed that Victoria's Secret was "figuring out how to advance the positioning of the brand and best communicate that to customers".[42] [44] The New York Times reported that the company was seeking to distance itself from the controversy following fallout from the Jeffrey Epstein sexual abuse scandal and Wexner's ties to Epstein. The last official broadcast of the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show was in December 2018.[45]

On March 5, 2023, Victoria’s Secret chief financial officer Tim Johnson stated during an earnings call that the company was planning a "new version" of the fashion show.[46] [47] In July 2023, Victoria's Secret announced that it was producing a documentary with Pulse Films, The Victoria's Secret World Tour, which will premiere September 26, 2023 on Amazon Prime Video. The special is being billed as "part spectacular fashion event, part documentary", and will follow the production of four Victoria's Secret curations in Bogotá, Lagos, London, and Tokyo. A World Tour fashion collection associated will the documentary will be offered on Amazon and the Victoria's Secret website.[48] [49]

Return

On May 15, 2024, the brand announced via Instagram that the show would return in fall 2024.[50] [51]

Wings as a design element

The wings were first introduced in the 1998 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show. A consistent feature of each year's collection, wings were included as a part of some outfits. The idea to feature wings as part of the collection came in the wake of the immense success of the "Angels"-bra line, which was advertised with the models Tyra Banks, Helena Christensen, Karen Mulder, Daniela Pestova, and Stephanie Seymour wearing wings. The same models who were featured in the campaigns for the "Angel"-bra line, with the exception of Chandra North filling in the spot for Christensen, walked the runway with Angel wings on.. Over the years, the show featured various forms and sizes of wings, such as butterfly, peacock, or devil wings, which have become emblematic of the Victoria's Secret brand. The wings were, at times, ornamental back pieces worn by the models on the runway, with limited resemblance to traditional wings. Some models considered it an honor to wear the wings.

Adriana Lima has worn the most winged costumes in the history of the show. With her count of 24 sets of wings, she is followed by Candice Swanepoel who has worn 20 pair of wings.

Critical review

The early webcasts were criticized for poor connection, and users that could connect were subjected to low video quality.[10] One critic from The New York Times described the initial 20th-century webcast experience as having felt like he was "watching a striptease through a keyhole".[7]

Some critics have described the 21st-century televised editions of the show as pornographic,[52] [53] while others have described it as both "outright commercialism" and indistinguishable from an infomercial. The Federal Communications Commission has received complaints regarding the broadcast, but no fines have been imposed, with the FCC, following the 2001 airing, citing the First Amendment and stating that "sexual or excretory activities or organs in a patently offensive manner as measured by contemporary community standards for the broadcast medium" were not broadcast.[54] In the initial 2001 airing ABC blurred the screen on particularly sheer lingerie. This enabled the show to pass muster with its internal Broadcast Standards and Practices department and to achieve a TV Parental Guidelines rating of TV-14 (a rating maintained for each broadcast presentation over the years), as a TV-MA rating is virtually unmarketable for advertisers on broadcast television.[55] In 2002, the National Organization for Women protested the show calling it a "soft-core porn infomercial".[52] They were joined in protest by the Parents Television Council and other watchdog organizations. Despite the program's timeslot and parental ratings, some affiliates have chosen not to air the program, including Fisher Communications' CBS stations in Boise and Idaho Falls, Idaho, in the past. In 2009, the American Decency Association organized email letters of protests to sponsors of the show including AT&T, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Netflix, Nikon, and Reebok.[56] CBS described the event as "the Super Bowl of fashion" in 2014.[57]

Summary table

EventDatesLocationsBroadcasterViewers (millions)ModelsPerformers
List Ref.
1Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 1995Plaza Hotel, New York City, USno broadcastno broadcast[58] None
2Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 1996Plaza Hotel, New York City, USno broadcastno broadcast[59] [60] [61] [62]
3Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 1997Plaza Hotel, New York City, USno broadcastno broadcast[63] [64] [65]
4Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 1998Plaza Hotel, New York City, USno broadcastno broadcast[66] [67]
5Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 1999Cipriani Wall Street restaurant, New York City, USwebcast by Broadcast.com2.0+[68] [69] [70] [71] [72]
6Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2000Cannes, Francewebcast[73] [74] [75] [76]
7Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2001[77]
aired:
Bryant Park, New York City, USABC12.4[78] [79] Mary J. Blige and Andrea Bocelli
8Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2002[80]
aired: [81]
Lexington Avenue Armory, New York City, USCBS10.5[82] [83] [84] Destiny's Child, Marc Anthony, and Phil Collins
9Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2003
aired: [85]
Lexington Avenue Armory, New York City, USCBS
UPN repeat
9.44[86]
3.5
[87] [88] [89] [90] Sting, Mary J. Blige, and Eve
Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 20042004 (Angels Across America Tour instead of annual fashion show)New York City, Miami, Las Vegas and Los Angeles, USNoneN/AN/ANone
10Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2005
aired:
re-aired: [91]
Lexington Avenue Armory, New York City, USCBS
UPN repeat
8.9[92]
3.33[93]
[94] [95] [96] [97] Chris Botti, Ricky Martin, Seal, and Rutgers University Drumline[98]
11Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2006
aired:
re-aired: [99]
Kodak Theatre, Los Angeles, USCBS
The CW
6.78[100] [101] [102] [103] Justin Timberlake
12Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2007[104]
aired:
re-aired:
Kodak Theatre, Los Angeles, USCBS
The CW
7.4[105]
2.94[106]
[107] [108] [109] Spice Girls, will.i.am, Seal and Heidi Klum
13Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2008[110]
aired:
re-aired:
Fontainebleau Hotel, Miami, USCBS
The CW
8.7[111]
2.43[112]
[113] [114] [115] [116] Usher and Jorge Moreno
14Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2009[117]
aired:
re-aired:
Lexington Avenue Armory, New York City, USCBS
The CW
8.3[118]
1.7[119]
[120] The Black Eyed Peas[121]
15Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2010
aired:
re-aired:
Lexington Avenue Armory, New York City, USCBS
The CW
10.4[122]
2.4[123]
[124] [125] [126] Katy Perry and Akon
16Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2011
aired:
aired:
Lexington Avenue Armory, New York City, USCBS
The CW
10.3[127]
1.6[128]
[129] Maroon 5, Kanye West, Jay-Z, and Nicki Minaj[130]
17Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2012
aired:
re-aired:
Lexington Avenue Armory, New York City, USCBS
The CW
9.48[131]
1.52[132]
[133] [134] Rihanna, Justin Bieber, and Bruno Mars
18Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2013
aired:
re-aired:
Lexington Avenue Armory, New York City, USCBS
The CW repeat
9.72[135]
1.11[136]
Taylor Swift, Fall Out Boy, Neon Jungle, A Great Big World, and Rutgers University Drumline[137]
19Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2014
airing:
re-aired:
Earls Court, London,[138] United KingdomCBS
The CW repeat
9.29[139]
1.24[140]
[141] [142] Taylor Swift, Ed Sheeran, Ariana Grande, and Hozier
20Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2015
airing:
re-aired:
Lexington Avenue Armory, New York City, USCBS
The CW repeat
6.59[143]
1.20[144]
[145] Ellie Goulding, Selena Gomez, and The Weeknd
21Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2016
airing:
re-aired:
Grand Palais, Paris,[146] FranceCBS
The CW repeat
6.67[147] Lady Gaga, Bruno Mars, and The Weeknd[148]
22Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2017
airing:
re-aired:
Mercedes Benz Arena, Shanghai, ChinaCBS
The CW repeat
4.98[149] [150] Harry Styles, Miguel, Li Yundi, Leslie Odom Jr., and Jane Zhang
23Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2018November 8, 2018

airing: December 2, 2018

re-aired: December 7, 2018

Pier 94, New York City, USABC3.27Shawn Mendes, Rita Ora, The Chainsmokers, Bebe Rexha, Halsey, Leela James, Kelsea Ballerini, and The Struts

Fantasy Bra

Typically, one model is chosen among the Angels to wear a bejeweled bra dubbed the "Fantasy Bra". It was first advertised in the Victoria's Secret catalog, but since 2001 has been worn in the fashion shows. Prior to each fashion show, Victoria's Secret contracts a renowned jewelry designer to craft the bra to be used as a focal point for promoting the fashion show and as a centerpiece within it. However, only the centerpiece from the 2004 Heavenly "70" Fantasy Bra and the 2012 Floral Fantasy Bra and Gift Set have found a buyer.[151] [152] If not bought, the bras are usually dismantled after a year.[153] [154]

Heidi Klum and Adriana Lima have worn the Fantasy Bra in three different years. Gisele Bündchen, Tyra Banks, Karolína Kurková, and Alessandra Ambrosio have each worn two Fantasy Bras.[155] Tyra Banks also wore the 1996 Million Dollar Miracle Bra during the 1999 fashion show.[156] As of 2018, the fantasy bra has been worn 8 times by a Brazilian model, 5 times by an American model, 4 times by a German model, and 3 times by a Czech model.

The $15 million price tag for the 2000 bra worn by Gisele Bündchen earned a place in the Guinness World Records as the most expensive item of lingerie ever created.[157] The $3 million 2009 Harlequin Fantasy Bra and the $2 million 2010 Bombshell Fantasy Bra were designed by Damiani.[158] Listed below are the prices per set (including accessories) for the 2007 and 2013 editions, the 2013 bra alone is worth $10,000,000.[159] The 2012 Floral Fantasy Bra was accompanied by a $500,000 perfume bottle.

In 2014, for the first time, two fantasy bras were created. They were worn by Alessandra Ambrosio and Adriana Lima and were valued at $2,000,000 each.

YearNameModelValueAppeared in
fashion show
Refs
1996Million Dollar Miracle Bra Claudia Schiffer$1,000,000[160]
1997Diamond Dream Bra Tyra Banks$3,000,000
1998Dream Angel Bra Daniela Peštová$5,000,000
1999Millennium Bra Heidi Klum$10,000,000[161]
2000Red Hot Fantasy Bra/Panties Gisele Bündchen$15,000,000
2001Heavenly Star Bra Heidi Klum$12,500,000[162]
2002Star of Victoria Fantasy Bra Karolína Kurková$10,000,000[163]
2003Very Sexy Fantasy Bra Heidi Klum$11,000,000[164]
2004Heavenly "70" Fantasy Bra Tyra Banks$10,000,000[165]
2005Sexy Splendor Fantasy Bra Gisele Bündchen$12,500,000[166]
2006Hearts On Fire Diamond Fantasy Bra Karolína Kurková$6,500,000
2007Holiday Fantasy Bra Set Selita Ebanks$4,500,000[167]
2008Black Diamond Fantasy Miracle Bra Adriana Lima$5,000,000[168]
2009Harlequin Fantasy Bra Marisa Miller$3,000,000[169]
2010Bombshell Fantasy Bra Adriana Lima$2,000,000[170]
2011Fantasy Treasure Bra Miranda Kerr$2,500,000[171]
2012Floral Fantasy Bra & Gift Set Alessandra Ambrosio$2,500,000[172]
2013Royal Fantasy Bra Candice Swanepoel$10,000,000[173]
2014Dream Angels Fantasy Bras Alessandra Ambrosio
Adriana Lima
$2,000,000
$2,000,000
[174]
2015Fireworks Fantasy Bra Lily Aldridge$2,000,000[175]
2016Bright Night Fantasy Bra Jasmine Tookes$3,000,000[176]
2017Champagne Nights Fantasy Bra Lais Ribeiro$2,000,000[177]
2018Dream Angels Fantasy Bra Elsa Hosk$1,000,000[178]

Fantasy Bra count

ModelCountYear
1 Adriana Lima32008, 2010, 2014
Heidi Klum1999, 2001, 2003
2 Alessandra Ambrosio22012, 2014
Karolína Kurková2002, 2006
Gisele Bündchen2000, 2005
Tyra Banks1997, 2004
3 Elsa Hosk12018
Lais Ribeiro2017
Jasmine Tookes2016
Lily Aldridge2015
Candice Swanepoel2013
Miranda Kerr2011
Marisa Miller2009
Selita Ebanks2007
Daniela Peštová1998
Claudia Schiffer1996

Swarovski

Since 2003, similar to the Fantasy Bra, one or more models are chosen to wear the "Swarovski Outfit" and the "Swarovski Wings" every year. The first Swarovski items that were shown on the runway were given to Alessandra Ambrosio. Victoria's Secret had worked with Swarovski for 9 years prior to the Swarovski items worn on the runway in 2011.[179]

Alessandra Ambrosio's Swarovski outfit, worn in 2011, included a 60-pound wing which was made out of 105,000 Swarovski crystals. The base of her wing was made out of 23-carat gold. Cameron Russell was given the "10th Anniversary" Swarovski outfit, worn in 2012, celebrating Victoria's Secret's 10th year working with Swarovski.

The 2013 Swarovski outfit was a 3D printed piece given to Lindsay Ellingson, which included mini-micro Swarovski crystals. In 2017, Elsa Hosk was chosen to wear the 15th Anniversary Swarovski outfit, which came out to a total value of $1,000,000.

YearModelRunway ShowsSegment WornNotes
2011 Alessandra Ambrosio2000-2017Segment 3: Passion PlayHeaviest Wings (40 pounds)
2012 Cameron Russell2011–2012Segment 5: Silver Screen Angels10th Anniversary Swarovski Outfit
2013 Lindsay Ellingson2007–2014Segment 6: Snow Angels3D Printed Swarovski Outfit
2014 Lily Donaldson2010–2016Segment 5: Fairy Tale"The Swarovski Look"
2015 Martha Hunt2013–2018Segment 6: FireworksIncludes Swarovski, Light Up Wings
2016 Josephine Skriver2013–2018Segment 6: Bright Night AngelSilver Fringe Swarovski Outfit
2017 Elsa Hosk2011–2018Segment 5: Nomadic Adventure$1,000,000 Swarovski Outfit and Wing
2018 Romee Strijd2014-2018Segment 7: Celestial AngelShooting Star Swarovski Outfit and Wing

Show Opening & Closing models

YearOpening modelOpening countClosing countAngel statusRunway showsNotesClosing modelOpening countClosing countAngel statusRunway showsNotes
11995 Ingrid Seynhaeve11995 • 1997 • 2000Non-Angel Opening [180] Stephanie Seymour11997-20001995-2000
21996 Naomi Campbell11996–1998 • 2002–2003 • 2005Non-Angel Opening Stephanie Seymour21997-20001995–2000
31997 Claudia Schiffer11997Non-Angel Opening [181] Naomi Campbell111996–1998 • 2002–2003 • 2005
41998 Karen Mulder11996–20001996–2000[182] Naomi Campbell121996–1998 • 2002–2003 • 2005Non-Angel Closing
51999 Carmen Kass111999–2000 • 2002–2003 • 2008Non-Angel Opening & Closing Carmen Kass111999–2000 • 2002–2003 • 2008Non-Angel Opening & Closing
62000 Gisele Bündchen12000–20071999–2003 • 2005-2006 Laetitia Casta11998–20001997–2000
72001 Karolína Kurková12005–20092000–2003 • 2005-2008 • 2010Non-Angel Opening Adriana Lima12000–20181999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018
82002 Gisele Bündchen22000–20071999–2003 • 2005-2006 Adriana Lima22000–20181999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018
92003 Adriana Lima122000–20181999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018 Heidi Klum11999–20101997–2003 • 2005 • 2007–2009
102005 Gisele Bündchen32000–20071999–2003 • 2005-2006Wearing "Sexy Splendor Fantasy Bra" ($12,500,000) Tyra Banks11997–20051996–2003 • 2005Last Walk
112006 Gisele Bündchen42000–20071999–2003 • 2005-2006 Ana Beatriz Barros12002–2003 • 2005–2006 • 2008–2009Non-Angel Closing
122007 Adriana Lima222000–20181999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018 Heidi Klum21999–20101997–2003 • 2005 • 2007–2009Tied with Adriana Lima for most shows closed, with 2.
132008 Adriana Lima322000–20181999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010-2018 Heidi Klum31999–20101997–2003 • 2005 • 2007–2009
142009 Alessandra Ambrosio12004–20172000–2003 • 2005–2017 Doutzen Kroes12008–20142005–2006 • 2008–2009 • 2011–2014
152010 Adriana Lima422000–20181999–2003 • 2005–2008 • 2010–2018Tied with Gisele Bündchen for most shows opened, with 4. Chanel Iman12010–20122009–2011
162011 Candice Swanepoel12010–20182007–2015 • 2017–2018 Karlie Kloss12013–20152011–2014 • 2017Non-Angel Closing
172012 Adriana Lima522000–20181999–2003 • 2005-2008 • 2010–2018Currently holds the record for most shows opened, with 5. Toni Garrn12012Non-Model Closing
182013 Candice Swanepoel22010–20182007–2015 • 2017–2018Wearing "Royal Fantasy Bra" ($10,000,000) Magdalena Frackowiak12010 • 2012–2015Non-Angel Closing
192014 Behati Prinsloo12009–20192007–2015 • 2018 Candice Swanepoel212010–20182007–2015 • 2017–2018
202015 Behati Prinsloo22009–20192007–2015 • 2018 Martha Hunt12015–20202013–2018Wearing Swarovski Outfit
212016 Elsa Hosk12015–20202011–2018 Lily Aldridge12010–20182009–2017
222017 Candice Swanepoel312010–20182007–2015 • 2017–2018 Alessandra Ambrosio112004-20172000–2003 • 2005–2017Last Walk
232018 Taylor Hill12015–present2014-2018 Adriana Lima532000-20181999-2003 • 2005-2008 • 2010-2018Tied with Heidi Klum for most shows closed, with 3.Last Walk

Opening count

In 23 editions (1995–2003; 2005–18), 13 models have opened the show.

Opening modelOpening countYear
1 Adriana Lima52003, 2007–2008, 2010, 2012
2 Gisele Bündchen42000, 2002, 2005-2006
3 Candice Swanepoel32011, 2013, 2017
4 Behati Prinsloo22014-2015
5 Taylor Hill12018
Elsa Hosk2016
Alessandra Ambrosio2009
Karolína Kurková2001
Carmen Kass1999
Karen Mulder1998
Claudia Schiffer1997
Naomi Campbell1996
Ingrid Seynhaeve1995

Closing count

In 23 editions (1995–2003; 2005–18), 17 models have closed the show.

Closing modelClosing countYear
1 Adriana Lima32001, 2002, 2018
Heidi Klum2003, 2007, 2008
2 Naomi Campbell21997, 1998
Stephanie Seymour1995, 1996
3 Alessandra Ambrosio12017
Lily Aldridge2016
Martha Hunt2015
Candice Swanepoel2014
Magdalena Frackowiak2013
Toni Garrn 2012
Karlie Kloss2011
Chanel Iman2010
Doutzen Kroes2009
Ana Beatriz Barros2006
Tyra Banks2005
Laetitia Casta2000
Carmen Kass1999

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Silver-Greenberg. Jessica. Rosman. Katherine. Maheshwari. Sapna. Stewart. James B.. 2020-02-01. 'Angels' in Hell: The Culture of Misogyny Inside Victoria's Secret. en-US. The New York Times. 2020-06-09. 0362-4331.
  2. Web site: Storey. Kate. 2016-11-29. The Untold History of the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show. 2020-06-09. ELLE. en-US.
  3. Web site: Koul. Scaachi. November 25, 2019. No One's Gonna Miss The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show. 2020-06-09. BuzzFeed News. en.
  4. News: Hsu. Tiffany. Steel. Emily. 2019-08-05. Victoria's Secret Executive Leaves as Company Distances Itself From Epstein. en-US. The New York Times. 2020-06-07. 0362-4331.
  5. Web site: November 25, 2019. The 2019 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Is Canceled. 2020-06-07. NPR.org. en.
  6. News: October 24, 1995. Interest In Stock Offer Is Modest - Sales May Reveal Trouble For Spice Lingerie Retailer. Sun-Sentinel. March 9, 2009.
  7. News: Internet Review; A Sex Metaphor, by Victoria's Secret . March 4, 2010 . February 5, 1999 . . Rothstein, Edward.
  8. Book: Rogers. David L.. There's No Business That's Not Show Business: Marketing in an Experience Culture. Vrotsos. Karen L.. Schmitt. Bernd H.. FT Press. 2003. 9780132704076.
  9. News: Victoria's Secret weapon: Ad exec Woman behind spots has been to Bowl before . March 8, 2009 . February 8, 1999 . . Farrell . Greg.
  10. News: The Media Business: Advertising; Was the Victoria's Secret show a Web failure? Hardly. There's no such thing as bad publicity. . March 4, 2010 . February 8, 1999 . . Napoli, Lisa.
  11. News: Victoria jiggling into cyberspace . March 11, 2009 . February 3, 1999 . . Parnes . Francine.
  12. Web site: Acker. Suzanne Gravette. November 2004. From the Archives: The Man Behind the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show. 2020-06-17. Columbus Monthly. en.
  13. News: Cannes can still deliver the goods - Nothing else compares to this chaotic festival . March 8, 2009 . May 7, 2000 . . Ealy . Charles.
  14. News: VIEW; Victoria's Secret on TV: Another First for Women . March 4, 2010 . November 18, 2001 . . Kuczynski, Alex.
  15. News: FCC official makes no secret of displeasure over lingerie show . https://archive.today/20130410171145/http://articles.cnn.com/2002-11-21/us/fcc.indecency_1_indecency-complaints-indecent-broadcasts-michael-j-copps?_s=PM:US . dead . April 10, 2013 . CNN . November 21, 2002 . March 8, 2013.
  16. News: Models Prepare For Victoria's Secret Fashion Show . March 7, 2009 . November 23, 2006 . . Critchell . Samantha.
  17. Web site: Celestial Bodies . Sturrock . Staci . . Cox Media Group . November 16, 2004 . February 27, 2010 . November 25, 2004 . https://web.archive.org/web/20041125093036/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/accent/content/accent/epaper/2004/11/16/1116angels.html . dead .
  18. Web site: Victoria's Secret Angels 'Hollywood Walk Of Fame' . March 12, 2009 . November 14, 2007 . PopCrunch. https://web.archive.org/web/20120214112759/http://www.popcrunch.com/victorias-secret-angels-hollywood-walk-of-fame/#more-8140. February 14, 2012. dead.
  19. Web site: November 14, 2007. Victoria's Secret Angels 'Hollywood Walk Of Fame'. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090818144736/http://www.theinsider.com/news/468789_Victoria_s_Secret_Angels_Hollywood_Walk_Of_Fame. August 18, 2009. March 9, 2009. theinsider.com.
  20. Web site: Victorias Secret Fashion Shows . February 28, 2010 . Best Lingerie Brands. https://web.archive.org/web/20121015133001/http://onlinelingerieshop.org/victorias-secret/victorias-secret-fashion-shows.html. October 15, 2012. dead.
  21. News: Spice Girls strut down Victoria's Secret runway . Sage . Alexandria . November 16, 2007 . February 27, 2010 . Reuters.
  22. Web site: Will.i.am To Replace Kanye West . Castina . PopCrunch . January 6, 2008 . November 15, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20120324111957/http://www.popcrunch.com/william-victorias-secret-fashion-show-2007-performance-william-to-replace-kanye-west/. March 24, 2012. dead.
  23. News: Kylie Bisutti bests Jamie Lee Darley to win Victoria's Secret Model Search, makes runway debut . January 17, 2010 . December 2, 2009 . . Smith, Olivia.
  24. Web site: It's On! 2010 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Announced . Victoria's Secret . September 15, 2010 . September 3, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100914132434/http://www.vsallaccess.com/2010/09/03/its-on2010-victorias-secretfashion-show-announced/index.html. September 14, 2010. dead.
  25. Web site: Victoria's Secret Video: VS Loves Katy Perry . Victoria Secret, CBS . New York, NY . February 5, 2011 . November 29, 2010 . Video.
  26. Web site: The Victoria's Secret Show: Victoria's Secret 2010 - VS Loves Katy Perry . Victoria Secret, CBS . New York, NY . February 5, 2011 . November 29, 2010 . Video.
  27. Web site: Victoria's Secret: Sophia's 10 Diary: The Pep Talk . YouTube . December 3, 2010 . November 15, 2011.
  28. Web site: Gibson . Christina . E! Online . www.eonline.com . Christina Gibson . November 6, 2014 . November 10, 2011.
  29. http://www.myfashionlife.com/archives/2012/11/13/karlie-klosss-victorias-secret-american-indian-outfit-causes-controversy/ Karlie Kloss's Victoria's Secret American Indian outfit causes controversy.
  30. Web site: 2013 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show - The Performances (Video) . August 25, 2017.
  31. Web site: News/2014 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show: Ariana Grande, Taylor Swift and More Performers Announced! . December 15, 2014 . November 17, 2014 . . Finn, Natalie.
  32. News: Ariana Grande gets smacked in face by Victoria's Secret model's wings - LA Times . . December 3, 2014 . January 14, 2015.
  33. Web site: 2017 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show . Victoria's Secret . August 25, 2017.
  34. Web site: Secrets Behind the Victoria Secret's Fashion Show at Paris Dec 5 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170421091429/http://www.myfashion19.com/secrets-behind-the-victoria-secrets-fashion-show-at-paris-dec-5-2016/ . 21 April 2017 . My Fashion 19 . 7 December 2016 . 7 December 2016.
  35. Web site: Victoria's Secret Fashion Show-IMDb . IMDb. December 7, 2015 .
  36. Web site: 2018 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show . Victoria's Secret . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181206081451/https://www.victoriassecret.com/fashion-show . 6 December 2018 .
  37. Web site: Road to the Runway: Episode 5 —VS x BALMAIN . www.youtube.com.
  38. Web site: Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2017: Everything You Need To Know. Vogue. Newbold, Alice. November 16, 2017. June 8, 2020. July 25, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180725214442/https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/victorias-secret-fashion-show-2017.
  39. Web site: Victoria's Secret Exec Apologizes for Transgender Comments After Fashion Show. Nyren. Erin. November 10, 2018. Variety. en. November 24, 2019.
  40. Web site: Victoria's Secret Faces Backlash After Exec's Comments About Trans and Plus-Size Models. The Hollywood Reporter. November 12, 2018. en. November 24, 2019.
  41. Web site: Victoria's Secret 'rethinking' annual fashion show, says network TV not 'right fit'. Thomas. Lauren. CNBC. May 10, 2019. May 11, 2019.
  42. Web site: Why the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Was Canceled. Low. Elaine. November 22, 2019. Variety. en. November 24, 2019.
  43. News: Victoria's Secret? In 2018, Fewer Women Want to Hear It. Mzezewa. Tariro. November 18, 2018. The New York Times. December 7, 2018.
  44. Web site: Shares of Victoria's Secret parent L Brands jump on fourth-quarter forecast, in-line profits. Setty. Ganesh. November 20, 2019. CNBC. en. November 24, 2019.
  45. Web site: Victoria's Secret says it will bring back iconic fashion show — one day. CNBC. July 19, 2021.
  46. Web site: Morgan Hines . March 6, 2023 . Victoria's Secret to bring back 'new version' of fashion show: What we know . March 8, 2023 . USA Today.
  47. Web site: . March 5, 2023 . The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Is Coming Back—The Internet Is Divided . March 8, 2023 . Vogue.
  48. Web site: Petski . Denise . 2023-07-27 . 'Victoria's Secret World Tour' Fashion Show Special To Stream On Prime Video . 2023-07-27 . Deadline . en-US.
  49. Web site: The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Is (Sort of) Back . 2023-07-27 . InStyle . en.
  50. Web site: The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Officially Returns This Fall and Will 'Reflect Who We Are Today'. People.com. EN. May 15, 2024. May 17, 2024.
  51. Web site: The Victoria's Secret fashion show is making a return for fall 2024. ABC News.com. EN. May 15, 2024. May 17, 2024.
  52. Web site: These Are a Few of My Favorite Thongs: The Victoria's Secret spectacle on CBS . March 2, 2010 . November 20, 2003 . . Stevens, Dana.
  53. News: Watchdog Groups Protest Victoria's Secret Show . March 2, 2010 . November 20, 2002 . Fox News.
  54. People: Victoria's Secret has most recently come under fire for not being diverse when hiring models. Ed Razek came said in a quote that he believed that trans women do not represent Victoria's Secret. Sexy Telecast No Problem With FCC. March 26, 2002.
  55. Web site: FCC Investigating ABC's 'Victoria's Secret Fashion Show' . March 2, 2010 . November 21, 2001 . Kleder, Martha . Concerned Women for America. https://archive.today/20120728121642/http://www.cultureandfamily.org/articledisplay.asp?id=310&department=CFI&categoryid=cfreport. July 28, 2012. dead.
  56. Web site: Victoria's Secret toning down? Not! . https://web.archive.org/web/20110717081121/http://www.americandecency.org/archives/victorias-secret-toning-down-not/#more-2743. dead. July 17, 2011 . March 2, 2010 . December 2, 2009 . American Decency Association.
  57. Web site: Backstage pass: Victoria's Secret Fashion Show . January 20, 2015 . December 3, 2014 . CBS News.
  58. News: Victoria's Secrets For All to See A peekaboo bra-fest on the Plaza runway . March 6, 2009 . August 3, 1995 . . Flaim, Denise.
  59. News: Flash! The latest entertainment news and more . March 6, 2009 . February 8, 1996 . . Denise . Flaim . Paul D. . Colford . Andy . Edelstein.
  60. Web site: VIctoria Secrect [sic] 1996 . August 10, 2015 . August 25, 2017 . YouTube.
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  62. Web site: Yasmeen Ghauri . nymag.com . . January 14, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140122225149/http://nymag.com/fashion/models/yghauri/yasmeenghauri/. January 22, 2014. dead.
  63. News: Victoria Can't Keep Much Secret For Valentine's Day . March 7, 2009 . February 9, 1997 . . Marshall, Hood.
  64. News: Real Men Absent On N.Y. Runway . March 7, 2009 . February 13, 1997 . . Washington, Roxanne.
  65. News: Flash! The latest entertainment news and more . March 6, 2009 . February 6, 1997 . . Davidson, Justin . Julia Szabo . amp.
  66. News: A D.C. Power Pair . March 6, 2009 . February 5, 1998 . . Smith, Liz.
  67. Web site: Height, Weight, Hairstyle, Hair Color, College, Relationships and Complete Profile of Female Celebrity Jaime King . June 10, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090309055725/http://www.jaimeking.info/jaime-king-profile.php. March 9, 2009. dead.
  68. News: Victoria jiggling into cyberspace . March 7, 2009 . February 3, 1999 . . Parnes, Francine.
  69. News: Tech . March 6, 2009 . February 4, 1999 . The Daily Ardmoreite.
  70. Web site: Advertising Mascots – People . March 7, 2009 . tvacres.com. https://archive.today/20121209101334/http://www.tvacres.com/admascots_angels.htm. December 9, 2012. dead.
  71. News: Where Were You And 1.5 Million Others When Victoria's Secret Show Aired? . March 6, 2009 . February 5, 1999 . . Lacitis, Erik.
  72. News: Victoria's Secret Sold On Concept of Cybermedium . March 6, 2009 . February 7, 1999 . . Wolf, Barnet D..
  73. News: Model Behavior – Secret Gals Smile For Pre-Show Audience . March 6, 2009 . May 18, 2000 . . Callaway, Libby.
  74. News: Showing Off Their Cannes: The Post Goes Behind The Scenes At The World's Biggest Fashion Show . March 6, 2009 . May 21, 2000 . . Callaway, Libby.
  75. News: Pretty in Pink, Victoria's Angels' Wing Their Way To France A La Concorde . March 6, 2009 . May 17, 2000 . . Callaway, Libby.
  76. News: A Fest-Seller At Cannes: Fashion . March 7, 2009 . May 19, 2000 . . Callaway, Libby . Jonathan Foreman . amp.
  77. News: Bridget's Got A Hall-uva Secret . March 15, 2009 . November 14, 2001 . . Penn, Faye.
  78. News: Victoria's Undies Fall Off . March 6, 2009 . November 17, 2001 . . Kaplan, Don.
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  80. News: PETA Pans Gisele In Victoria's Secret Protest . March 7, 2009 . November 15, 2002 . New York Post.
  81. News: Heidi Klum reveals Victoria's fashion secrets in CBS special . March 7, 2009 . November 17, 2002 . . Bobbin, Jay.
  82. News: 'Secret' No Longer: Model List Released . March 7, 2009 . November 8, 2002 . . Stern, Jared Paul.
  83. News: An hour barely covers it . March 6, 2009 . November 20, 2002 . . Rosenthal, Phil.
  84. News: Movie Moguls Let Fur Fly, Too . March 6, 2009 . November 17, 2002 . New York Post.
  85. News: Victoria's Secret Likes Somerset – Local Store Is First To Get New Model Makeup Kit . March 7, 2009 . October 30, 2003 . . Hanson, Holly.
  86. Web site: The Programming Insider: Friday 11/21/03 . . Berman . Marc . November 21, 2003 . December 15, 2018 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090126065029/http://www.mediaweek.com/mw/esearch/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=2036130 . January 26, 2009.
  87. News: Playing Our Thong – Victoria's Celebs Lead Undie Fun Day . March 7, 2009 . November 14, 2003 . . Hoffmann, Bill.
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  89. News: Victoria's Latex Secret Now on Show . March 7, 2009 . November 17, 2003 . . Kahn, Robert.
  90. News: Fashion – Peek experience – Behind the scenes at the Victoria's Secret fashion show . March 7, 2009 . November 19, 2003 . . Radsken, Jill.
  91. Web site: UPN Shares Victoria's Secret . January 11, 2014 . December 8, 2005 . Grossman, Ben . BroadcastingCable.com.
  92. News: Viewers Are Scanty for 'Victoria's Secret Fashion Show' . December 8, 2005 . January 11, 2014 . . de Moraes, Lisa.
  93. News: Viewers are following the scripts . December 21, 2005 . January 11, 2014 . Los Angeles Times.
  94. News: Boldface . March 7, 2009 . November 11, 2005 . . Robertson, Campbell.
  95. News: Camp On The Catwalk – Victoria's Secret puts on a show – How to make a supermodel smile . March 7, 2009 . November 27, 2005 . . Samantha . Critchell.
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  97. News: Prime-Time Catwalk Are supermodels a dying breed? Victoria's Secret may be the last launching pad for the next big name . March 7, 2009 . December 5, 2005 . . Amodio, Joseph V..
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  99. Web site: CBS Repeats as Tuesday Winner . January 11, 2014 . December 20, 2006 . Zap2It.com . January 11, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140111084735/http://www.zap2it.com/tv/ratings/zap-ratings121906,0,2056842.story . dead .
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  102. News: What's on Tuesday . March 7, 2009 . December 5, 2005 . . Shattuck, Kathryn.
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  104. News: Will.I.Am Replaces Kanye At VS Show . March 15, 2009 . November 17, 2007 . San Jose Mercury News.
  105. News: Victoria's Secret Racy Pics, Models, Spice Girls Boost Fashion Show . Cox . Jennifer . The National Ledger . December 5, 2007 . December 5, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081216151838/http://www.nationalledger.com/cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi?archive=20&num=17559 . December 16, 2008 . dead . mdy-all.
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  107. News: Model behavior on CBS' ' Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2007' . March 7, 2009 . December 2, 2007 . . Korb, Michael.
  108. Web site: The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (2007) . March 7, 2009 . Internet Movie Database. December 4, 2007 .
  109. News: Models can't make hard sell look attractive . March 7, 2009 . December 9, 2007 . . Rosenthal, Phil.
  110. News: Stars come out for Fontainebleau . March 7, 2009 . November 17, 2008 . The Miami Herald.
  111. TV Ratings: 'Rudolph' glows ('like a light bulb!') for CBS . Barrett . Annie . . Hollywood Insider . December 4, 2008 . January 11, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090204085530/http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2008/12/rudolph-life-ra.html . February 4, 2009 . dead . mdy-all.
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  113. News: Singin' the Fontainebleau shut-out blues? . March 7, 2009 . November 14, 2008 . . Abravanel, Lesley.
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  115. News: Backstage Secrets – Behind The Brassieres At The Victoria's Secret Fashion . March 7, 2009 . December 3, 2008 . . Micchandani, Raakhee.
  116. News: Quick Chemistry . November 19, 2008 . March 7, 2009 . New York Post.
  117. News: Secret Angels Bare Skinny . November 23, 2009 . November 19, 2009 . . 67 . Mirchandani, Raakhee . Danica Lo . amp.
  118. Web site: Obama Barely Helps "90210" Ratings, "Biggest Loser" Tops "Victoria's Secret" . Cantor . Brian . Headline Planet . December 2, 2009 . January 11, 2010.
  119. Web site: TV Ratings: CBS' crime lords it over Wednesday; Adults on the rise on Fox, ABC . TV by the Numbers . Nguyen . Hanh . December 10, 2009 . January 11, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140111093429/http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2009/12/tv-ratings-cbs-crime-lords-it-over-wednesday-adults-on-the-rise-on-fox-abc.html . January 11, 2014 . dead . mdy-all.
  120. Web site: The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show (2009) . December 26, 2009 . Internet Movie Database. December 2009 .
  121. Web site: First Look: Marisa Miller to Rock Victoria Secret's New Diamond-Studded Bra . . StyleWatch . October 21, 2009 . January 11, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120306052823/http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2009/10/21/first-look-marisa-miller-to-rock-vss-newest-diamond-studded-bra/?xid=rss-topheadlines . March 6, 2012 . dead . mdy-all.
  122. Web site: TV Ratings: 'Rudolph' & Victoria's Secret give CBS the Tuesday win . Sepinwall . Alan . Hit Fix . December 1, 2010 . December 1, 2010 . May 15, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120515221139/http://www.hitfix.com/articles/tv-ratings-rudolph-victorias-secret-give-cbs-the-tuesday-win . dead .
  123. Web site: Wednesday Final Ratings: 'Modern Family,' 'The Sing Off' Adjusted Up; 'The Middle' Adjusted Down . https://web.archive.org/web/20101211211717/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/12/09/wednesday-final-ratings-modern-family-the-sing-off-adjusted-up-the-middle-adjusted-down/74926 . dead . December 11, 2010 . January 11, 2014 . December 9, 2010 . TV by the Numbers.
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  126. Web site: Victorias Secret Supermodels Attend The 2010 Victorias Secret Fashion… | Getty Images Nederland | 106652423 . Gettyimages.com . November 9, 2010 . November 15, 2011.
  127. Web site: TV Ratings Tuesday: CBS Gets A Rise Out of 'Victoria's Secret Fashion Show'; Parenthood & Biggest Loser Match Season Highs; 'Glee,' 'New Girl' Inch Up . https://web.archive.org/web/20111202210024/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/11/30/tv-ratings-tuesday-cbs-gets-a-rise-out-of-victorias-secret-fashion-show-parenthood-glee-new-girl-inch-up/112188/ . dead . December 2, 2011 . TV by the Numbers . November 30, 2011 . November 30, 2011.
  128. Web site: TV ratings: 'X Factor' steady Wednesday, viewers not fascinated with Barbara Walters special . TV by the Numbers . December 15, 2011 . January 11, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140111071714/http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2011/12/tv-ratings-x-factor-steady-wednesday-viewers-not-fascinated-with-barbara-walters-special.html . January 11, 2014 . dead . mdy-all.
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  131. Web site: Tuesday Final Ratings: 'Parenthood', 'Victoria's Secret Fashion Show', 'The Voice', & 'Shark Tank' Adjusted Up; 'Hart of Dixie' and 'Go On' Adjusted Down . https://web.archive.org/web/20121207230613/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/12/05/tuesday-final-ratings-parenthood-victorias-scret-fashion-show-the-voice-hart-of-dixie-and-go-on-adjusted-down/160394/ . dead . December 7, 2012 . TV by the Numbers . December 5, 2012 . December 5, 2012.
  132. Web site: Wednesday Final Ratings: 'The X Factor' Adjusted Up; 'The Middle' Adjusted Down . https://web.archive.org/web/20121215131634/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/12/13/wednesday-final-ratings-the-x-factor-adjusted-up-the-middle-adjusted-down/161590/ . dead . December 15, 2012 . TV by the Numbers . December 13, 2012 . January 11, 2014.
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  135. Web site: Tuesday Final Ratings: 'Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.' & 'NCIS' Adjusted Up; 'The Goldbergs' Adjusted Down . https://web.archive.org/web/20131214011850/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/12/11/tuesday-final-ratings-marvels-agents-of-s-h-i-e-l-d-the-goldbergs-adjusted-down/221874/ . dead . December 14, 2013 . TV by the Numbers . November 12, 2013 . November 12, 2013.
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  139. Web site: Tuesday Final Ratings: 'Victoria's Secret Fashion Show' & 'The Voice' Adjusted Up; 'Supernatural' & 'The Mindy Project' Adjusted Down . https://web.archive.org/web/20141231200505/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/12/10/tuesday-final-ratings-victorias-secret-fashion-show-supernatural-the-mindy-project-adjusted-down/337776/ . dead . December 31, 2014 . Bibel . Sara . December 10, 2014 . TV by the Numbers . December 10, 2014.
  140. Web site: Tuesday Final Ratings: 'NCIS' & 'The Voice' Adjusted Up, No Adjustment for 'Person of Interest' or 'MasterChef Junior' . https://web.archive.org/web/20141221025718/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/12/17/tuesday-final-ratings-ncis-the-voice-adjusted-up-no-adjustment-for-person-of-interest-or-masterchef-junior/340466/ . dead . December 21, 2014 . Kondolojy . Amanda . TV by the Numbers . December 17, 2014 . December 17, 2014.
  141. Web site: Victoria's Secret Fashion Show . . August 25, 2017.
  142. Web site: How Model Jasmine Tookes Prepares for the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show . Megan . Cahn . October 15, 2014 . Elle . August 25, 2017.
  143. Web site: TV Ratings Tuesday: 'Scream Queens' finale flat, 'Victoria's Secret' and 'Flash' slip . https://web.archive.org/web/20151210214910/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2015/12/09/tv-ratings-tuesday-dec-8-2015/ . dead . December 10, 2015 . Porter . Rick . TV by the Numbers . December 9, 2015 . December 10, 2015.
  144. Web site: Monday final ratings: 'Scorpion' and 'Jane the Virgin' adjust down . https://web.archive.org/web/20161220100309/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/daily-ratings/monday-final-ratings-dec-14-15/ . dead . December 20, 2016 . Porter . Rick . TV by the Numbers . December 15, 2015 . December 8, 2016.
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