| Post: | Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil |
| Insignia: | Coat of arms of Brazil.svg |
| Insigniasize: | 100px |
| Insigniacaption: | Coat of arms of Brazil |
| Flag: | Flag of the Vice President of Brazil.svg |
| Flagcaption: | Vice presidential standard |
| Flagsize: | 150px |
| Incumbent: | Geraldo Alckmin |
| Incumbentsince: | January 1, 2023 |
| Status: | Second highest executive branch officer |
| Style: | Mr. Vice President[1] (informal) The Most Excellent and His Excellency (formal) |
| Appointer: | Direct popular vote (two rounds if necessary) |
| Termlength: | Four years, renewable once consecutively |
| Seat: | Brasilia |
| Member Of: | Cabinet National Defense Council |
| Residence: | Palácio do Jaburu |
| Department: | Federal government of Brazil |
| Succession: | First |
| Constituting Instrument: | Constitution of Brazil |
| Inaugural: | Floriano Peixoto |
| Salary: | R$ 39,293.32 per month[2] |
The vice president of Brazil (Portuguese: Vice-Presidente do Brasil), officially the vice president of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil), or simply the vice president of the republic (Vice-Presidente da República) is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the president. The vice president's primary role is to replace the president in the event of their death, resignation, or impeachment, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the president is abroad, or otherwise temporarily unable to carry out their duties. The vice president is elected jointly with the president as their running mate.
The office has existed since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, although it was only officially instituted as of the 1891 Constitution. It has been in place throughout all of Brazil's republican history, save for the fifteen years of the Vargas Era when it was officially abolished.
The requirements to run for the office of vice president are exactly those of the presidency itself. In addition to the ordinary requirements to run for political office in Brazil, under the terms of article 14 of the Constitution, a candidate for the vice presidency must be a natural-born citizen of Brazil (which under certain circumstances may include the offspring of one or two Brazilian parents living abroad) and be at least 35 years of age.
The president and the vice president are elected on a single ticket for a four-year term and are inaugurated on January 1 of the year following that of the election. Both may be re-elected for a subsequent term.
Vice presidents succeeding a sitting president may be reelected for an additional term. However, the vice president is not eligible to run for a second full term, as under Brazilian law any partial term counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms. Due to the wording of the constitution's provisions on term limits, whenever the vice president serves as acting president when the president is either abroad or suspended from office as a result of impeachment, it counts as a partial term.
The vice president works in an annex building of the Palácio do Planalto. The official residence of the vice president is the Palácio do Jaburu, inaugurated in 1977.
Since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, eight vice presidents have been called upon to replace former presidents: four due to death of the incumbent (Nilo Peçanha, Delfim Moreira, Café Filho, and José Sarney), two due to resignation (Floriano Peixoto and João Goulart), and two due to impeachment conviction (Itamar Franco and Michel Temer).
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term | Party | Election | President | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Floriano Peixoto (1839–1895) | February 26, 1891 – November 23, 1891 | Unaffiliated | 1891 | Deodoro da Fonseca | |||
| Floriano Peixoto | ||||||||
| 2 | Manuel Vitorino (1853–1902) | November 15, 1894 – November 15, 1898 | PRF (Federal) | 1894 | Prudente de Morais | |||
| 3 | Rosa e Silva (1857–1929) | November 15, 1898 – November 15, 1902 | Unaffiliated | 1898 | Campos Sales | |||
| Rodrigues Alves | ||||||||
| 4 | Afonso Pena (1847–1909) | June 17, 1903 – November 15, 1906 | PRM | 1903 | ||||
| 5 | Nilo Peçanha (1867–1924) | November 15, 1906 – June 14, 1909 | PRF (Fluminense) | 1906 | Afonso Pena | |||
| Nilo Peçanha | ||||||||
| 6 | Venceslau Brás (1868–1966) | November 15, 1910 – November 15, 1914 | PRM | 1910 | Hermes da Fonseca | |||
| 7 | Urbano Santos (1859–1922) | November 15, 1914 – November 15, 1918 | PRM | 1914 | Venceslau Brás | |||
| 8 | Delfim Moreira (1868–1920) | November 15, 1918 – January 16, 1919 | PRM | 1918 | Rodrigues Alves | |||
| Delfim Moreira | ||||||||
| 8 | Delfim Moreira (1868–1920) | July 28, 1919 – July 1, 1920 | PRM | 1918 | Epitácio Pessoa | |||
| colspan=7 | ||||||||
| 9 | Bueno de Paiva (1861–1928) | November 10, 1920 – November 15, 1922 | PRM | 1920 | ||||
| 10 | Estácio Coimbra (1872–1937) | November 15, 1922 – November 15, 1926 | Unaffiliated | — | Artur Bernardes | |||
| 11 | Melo Viana (1878–1954) | November 15, 1926 – October 24, 1930 | PRM | 1926 | Washington Luís | |||
| Military junta of 1930 | ||||||||
| Getúlio Vargas | ||||||||
| José Linhares | ||||||||
| Eurico Gaspar Dutra | ||||||||
| 12 | Nereu Ramos (1888–1958) | September 19, 1946 – January 31, 1951 | PSD | 1946 | ||||
| 13 | Café Filho (1899–1970) | January 31, 1951 – August 24, 1954 | PSP | 1950 | Getúlio Vargas | |||
| Café Filho | ||||||||
| Carlos Luz | ||||||||
| Nereu Ramos | ||||||||
| 14 | João Goulart (1919–1976) | January 31, 1956 – August 25, 1961 | PTB | 1955 1960 | Juscelino Kubitschek | |||
| Jânio Quadros | ||||||||
| Ranieri Mazzilli | ||||||||
| João Goulart | ||||||||
| Ranieri Mazzilli | ||||||||
| 15 | José Maria Alkmin (1901–1974) | April 15, 1964 – March 15, 1967 | PSD | 1964 | Castelo Branco | |||
| ARENA | ||||||||
| 16 | Pedro Aleixo (1901–1975) | March 15, 1967 – August 31, 1969 | ARENA | 1966 | Costa e Silva | |||
| Military junta of 1969 | ||||||||
| 17 | Augusto Rademaker (1905–1985) | October 30, 1969 – March 15, 1974 | ARENA | 1969 | Emílio Médici | |||
| 18 | Adalberto Pereira dos Santos (1905–1984) | March 15, 1974 – March 15, 1979 | ARENA | 1974 | Ernesto Geisel | |||
| 19 | Aureliano Chaves (1929–2003) | March 15, 1979 – March 15, 1985 | ARENA | 1978 | João Figueiredo | |||
| PDS | ||||||||
| PFL | ||||||||
| 20 | José Sarney (1930) | March 15, 1985 – April 21, 1985 | PMDB | 1985 | Tancredo Neves (president-elect) | |||
| José Sarney | ||||||||
| 21 | Itamar Franco (1929–2011) | March 15, 1990 – December 29, 1992 | PRN | 1990 | Fernando Collor | |||
| PMDB | ||||||||
| Itamar Franco | ||||||||
| 22 | Marco Maciel (1940–2021) | January 1, 1995 – January 1, 2003 | PFL | 1994 1998 | Fernando Henrique Cardoso | |||
| 23 | José Alencar (1931–2011) | January 1, 2003 – January 1, 2011 | PL | 2002 2006 | Lula da Silva | |||
| PRB | ||||||||
| 24 | Michel Temer (1940) | January 1, 2011 – August 31, 2016 | PMDB | 2010 2014 | Dilma Rousseff | |||
| Michel Temer | ||||||||
| 25 | Hamilton Mourão (1953) | January 1, 2019 – January 1, 2023 | PRTB | 2018 | Jair Bolsonaro | |||
| Republicans | ||||||||
| 26 | Geraldo Alckmin (1952) | January 1, 2023 – Incumbent | PSB | 2022 | Lula da Silva |