Vibrio tubiashii explained

Vibrio tubiashii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped (0.5 um-1.5 um) marine bacterium that uses a single polar flagellum for motility.^[1] It has been implicated in several diseases of marine organisms.^{[2] [3] [4] [5] [6]}

Discovery

Vibrio tubiashii was originally isolated from juvenile and larval bivalve mollusks suffering from bacillary necrosis,^{[7] [8]} now called vibriosis. It was originally discovered by Tubiash et al. in 1965, hence the name, but not properly described until Hada et al. in 1984. Since its discovery and identification, V. tubiashii has been implicated in shellfish vibriosis across the globe, and more recently, coral diseases.

Pathogenicity

Like many Vibrio spp., V. tubiashii produces extracellular enzymes, specifically a zinc-metalloprotease^[9] and a cytolysin/hemolysin^[10] that are nearly identical to those produced by other pathogenic Vibrio strains.^[11] This being said, only the zinc-metalloprotease elicited disease symptoms in Crassostrea gigas ^[12] consistent with vibriosis. In addition to shellfish disease, Vibrio-derived zinc-metalloprotease could be an integral virulence factor in diseases of scleractinian corals as it was shown to cause photoinactivation of the coral endosymbiont Symbiodinium, leading to tissue color loss and eventual tissue death.^[11]

The hemolytic activity of V. tubiashii cultures increases during early growth stages and progressively decreases throughout the stationary phase, while proteolytic activity shows a gradual increase starting in the early stationary phase, suggesting that pathogenesis in this organism requires higher cell density.

External links

• Type strain of Vibrio tubiashii at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Notes and References

1. Temperton. B. etal. 2011. Permanent draft genome sequence of Vibrio tubiashii strain NCIMB 1337 (ATCC19106).. Standards in Genomic Sciences. 4 . 2 . 183–190. 10.4056/sigs.1654066. 21677855. 3111986.
2. Hada. HS. etal. 1984. Vibrio tubiashii sp. nov., a pathogen of bivalve mollusks. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 34 . 1 . 1–4. 10.1099/00207713-34-1-1. free.
3. Brown. C. 1973. The effects of some selected bacteria on embryos and larvae of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 21. 3. 215–233. 10.1016/0022-2011(73)90206-1.
4. Brown. C. 1981. A study of two shellfish-pathogenic Vibrio strains isolated from a Long Island hatchery during a recent outbreak of disease. Journal of Shellfish Research. 1. 83–87.
5. Elston. RA. etal. 2008. Re-emergence of Vibrio tubiashii in bivalve shellfish aquaculture: severity, environmental drivers, geographic extent and management. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 82 . 2 . 119–134. 19149375. 10.3354/dao01982. free.
6. Hasegawa. H. etal. 2008. The extracellular metalloprotease of Vibrio tubiashii is a major virulence factor for pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 74 . 13 . 4101–4110. 2446533. 18456850. 10.1128/AEM.00061-08. 2008ApEnM..74.4101H.
7. Tubiash. HS. etal. 1965. Bacillary necrosis, a disease of larval and juvenile bivalve mollusks I. Etiology and epizootiology. Journal of Bacteriology. 90 . 4 . 1036–1044. 10.1128/JB.90.4.1036-1044.1965. 5847794. 315773.
8. Tubiash. H. etal. 1970. Marine vibrios associated with bacillary necrosis, a disease of larval and juvenile bivalve mollusks. Journal of Bacteriology. 103 . 1 . 271–2. 10.1128/JB.103.1.271-272.1970. 5423372. 248070.
9. (Delston et al 2003)
10. (Kothary et al 2001)
11. (Sussman et al 2009).
12. (Hasegawa et al 2008)