Vibrio natriegens explained

Vibrio natriegens is a Gram-negative marine bacterium.[1] It was first isolated from salt marsh mud. It is a salt-loving organism (halophile) requiring about 2% NaCl for growth. It reacts well to the presence of sodium ions which appear to stimulate growth in Vibrio species, to stabilise the cell membrane, and to affect sodium-dependent transport and mobility. Under optimum conditions, and all nutrients provided, the doubling time of V. natriegens can be less than 10 minutes. V. natriegens is able to successfully live and rapidly divide in its coastal areas due its large range of metabolic fuel. Recent research has displayed that Vibrio natriegens has a flexible metabolism, which allows it to consume a large variety of carbon substrates, reduce nitrates, and even fix nitrogen from the atmosphere under nitrogen-limiting and anaerobic conditions.[2] In the laboratory, the growth medium can be easily changed, thus affecting the growth rate of a culture.[3] [4] V. natriegens is commonly found in estuarine mud.

Aquaculture and antibiotic resistance

Many strains of Vibrio, including natriegens, are pathogenic against farmed aquacultures such as the abalone and have recently resulted in destruction of farmed abalones when aquacultures get infected.[5]  In response, fishers have taken to inoculating tanks with large amounts of antibiotics, which has resulted in Vibrio natriegens developing a potent antibiotic resistance to many drugs. In a recent study, the AbY-1805 strain of Vibrio natriegens was shown to be completely resistant against 17 of the 32 tested antibiotics and at least partially resistant against 22 of the 32.[6]

Biochemical characteristics of V. natriegens

Colony, morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of Vibrio natriegens are shown in the Table below.

Test typeTestCharacteristics
Colony charactersSizeMedium
TypeRound
ColorWhitish
ShapeConvex
Morphological charactersShapeVibrio
Physiological charactersMotility+|-|Growth at 6.5% NaCl|+
Biochemical charactersGram's staining–
Oxidase+|-|Catalase|+
Oxidative-FermentativeOxidative
Motility+|-|Methyl Red|–|-|Voges-Proskauer|–|-|Indole|–|-|H2S Production|+
Urease+|-|Nitrate reductase|+|-|β-Galactosidase|+|-| rowspan="6" |Hydrolysis of|Gelatin|+|-|Aesculin|+
Casein+|-|Tween 40|+
Tween 60+|-|Tween 80|+
Acid production fromGlycerol+|-|Galactose|+|-|D-Glucose|+
D-FructoseV
D-MannoseV
MannitolV
N-Acetylglucosamine+|-|Amygdalin|–|-|Maltose|+
D-Melibiose–
D-Trehalose–
Glycogen+|-|D-Turanose|+
Note: + = Positive, – =Negative, V =Variable (+/–)

Biotechnological uses

Owing to its rapid growth rate, ability to grow on inexpensive carbon sources, and capacity to secrete proteins into the growth media, efforts are underway to leverage this species as a host for molecular biology and biotechnology applications.[7] [8] Recently, V. natriegens crude extract has been shown by multiple research groups to be a promising platform for cell-free expression.[9] [10] [11] [12] Scientists are also hoping that Vibrio natriegens, with its incredible growth speed, will make microbial experiments in outer space, where time is an extremely valuable asset, much quicker. Interestingly, it has been shown that Vibrio natriegens, despite its incredibly quick doubling speed on Earth, might grow even faster in space.  A recent experiment displayed that after 24 hours of growth the Vibrio cells grown in zero gravity were 60 times denser than those grown in full gravity, possibly attributable to an extended exponential growth phase in low-gravity conditions.[13]

External links

Notes and References

  1. 2021-12-15. Identification of marine sponge-associated bacteria of the Saint Martin's island of the Bay of Bengal emphasizing on the prevention of motile Aeromonas septicemia in Labeo rohita. Aquaculture. en. 545. 737156. 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737156. 0044-8486. Paul . Sulav Indra . Rahman . Md. Mahbubur . Salam . Mohammad Abdus . Khan . Md. Arifur Rahman . Islam . Md. Tofazzal .
  2. Coppens . Lucas . Tschirhart . Tanya . Leary . Dagmar H . Colston . Sophie M . Compton . Jaimee R . Hervey . William Judson . Dana . Karl L . Vora . Gary J . Bordel . Sergio . Ledesma‐Amaro . Rodrigo . 2023-04-12 . Vibrio natriegens genome‐scale modeling reveals insights into halophilic adaptations and resource allocation . Molecular Systems Biology . en . 19 . 4 . e10523 . 10.15252/msb.202110523 . 1744-4292 . 10090949 . 36847213.
  3. . Mar 2002 . 11844764. 184. 1349–58. rRNA promoter activity in the fast-growing bacterium Vibrio natriegens. Aiyar SE, Gaal T, Gourse RL. 5. 134863. 10.1128/jb.184.5.1349-1358.2002.
  4. J. Bacteriol. . 83 . 736–737. 1962. R. G. Eagon. 4. 13888946. 279347. 10.1128/jb.83.4.736-737.1962.
  5. Harrison . Jamie . Nelson . Kathryn . Morcrette . Helen . Morcrette . Cyril . Preston . Joanne . Helmer . Luke . Titball . Richard W. . Butler . Clive S. . Wagley . Sariqa . 2022-03-01 . The increased prevalence of Vibrio species and the first reporting of Vibrio jasicida and Vibrio rotiferianus at UK shellfish sites . Water Research . en . 211 . 117942 . 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117942 . 0043-1354 . 8841665 . 35042073.
  6. Li . Xuejing . Liang . Yantao . Wang . Zhenhua . Yao . Yanyan . Chen . Xiaoli . Shao . Anran . Lu . Longfei . Dang . Hongyue . 2022-11-17 . Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Vibrio natriegens—Infecting Phage and Its Potential Therapeutic Application in Abalone Aquaculture . Biology . en . 11 . 11 . 1670 . 10.3390/biology11111670 . 2079-7737 . 9687132 . 36421384 . free .
  7. Lee. Henry H.. Ostrov. Nili. Wong. Brandon G.. Gold. Michaela A.. Khalil. Ahmad S.. Church. George M.. 2016-06-12. Vibrio natriegens, a new genomic powerhouse. BioRxiv. 10.1101/058487. free.
  8. Weinstock. Matthew T.. Hesek. Eric D.. Wilson. Christopher M.. Gibson. Daniel G.. 2016-08-29. Vibrio natriegens as a fast-growing host for molecular biology. Nature Methods. 10.1038/nmeth.3970. 1548-7105. 27571549. 13. 10. 849–51. 3533695 .
  9. Wiegand. Daniel J.. Lee. Henry H.. Ostrov. Nili. Church. George M.. 2018-09-12. Establishing a Cell-free Vibrio natriegens Expression System. ACS Synthetic Biology. 7. 10. 2475–2479. 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00222. 30160938. 1529064 . 52135507 .
  10. Wiegand. Daniel J.. Lee. Henry H.. Ostrov. Nili. Church. George M.. 2019-03-15. Cell-free Protein Expression Using the Rapidly Growing Bacterium Vibrio natriegens. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 145. 10.3791/59495. 6512795. 30933074.
  11. Des Doye. BJ. Davidson. SR. Weinstock. MT. Gibson. DG. Jewett. MC. 2018-09-06. Establishing a High-Yielding Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Platform Derived from Vibrio natriegens.. ACS Synthetic Biology. 7. 9. 2245–2255. 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00252. 30107122. 52004914 .
  12. Failmezger. J. Scholz . S. Blombach . B. Siemann-Herzberg. M. 2018-06-01. Cell-Free Protein Synthesis From Fast-Growing Vibrio natriegens.. Frontiers in Microbiology. 9. 1146. 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01146. 29910785. 5992293. free.
  13. Garschagen . Laura S. . Mancinelli . Rocco L. . Moeller . Ralf . 2019-10-01 . Introducing Vibrio natriegens as a Microbial Model Organism for Microgravity Research . Astrobiology . en . 19 . 10 . 1211–1220 . 10.1089/ast.2018.2010 . 31486680 . 201836980 . 1531-1074.

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