Vexillological symbol explained

Vexillological symbols are used by vexillologists to indicate certain characteristics of flags, such as where they are used, who uses them, and what they look like. The symbols were created by vexillologist Whitney Smith and then adopted by the International Federation of Vexillological Associations (FIAV) in the early 1970s.^[1] Vexillologist Željko Heimer added the symbols for normal and historical in the early 1990s.^[2]

Status and design symbols

Vexillological symbols describe information on a flag's recognition status and design.

Usage symbols

The usage symbols are based on a grid of two rows representing use on land and use on water, and three columns representing private use, public use, and military use. Each circle in the grid indicates the flag has one or more of the following six basic usages:

	Private	Public	Military
Land	Civil flagFlown by private citizens on land	State flagFlown by the government on land	War flag Flown by the military on land
Water	Civil ensignFlown by private vessels	State ensignFlown by government vessels	Naval ensignFlown by military vessels

A single design may be associated with no usages or multiple usages. Heimer suggested an additional row for air ensigns, but it has not been adopted by FIAV. The air ensign row refers to flags displayed on aircraft, including when on the ground, and air installations. The air ensign row is placed above the remaining two rows.

List of symbols! Symbol! Meaning! Symbol! Meaning

	Civil flag		National flag
	State flag		National ensign
	War flag		State and war flag, war ensign
	Civil ensign		State flag, civil and war ensign
	State ensign		Civil and state flags and ensigns
	War ensign		State and war flags and ensigns
	Civil and state flag		National flag, civil ensign
	State and war flag		National flag, state ensign
	Civil and state ensign		National flag, civil and state ensign
	State and war ensign		National flag, state and war ensign
	Civil flag and ensign		State and war flag, national ensign
	State flag and ensign		Civil and state flag, national ensign
	War flag and ensign		National flag and ensign
	Civil and war ensign		Civil flag, war ensign
	Civil flag, state ensign		Civil flag, state and war ensign
	Civil flag, civil and war ensign		Civil flag, civil and state ensign
	Civil flag, national ensign		Civil and war flag
	Civil and war flag, war ensign		Civil and war flag, state ensign
	Civil and war flag, state and war ensign		Civil and war flag, civil ensign
	Civil and war flags and ensigns		Civil and war flag, civil and state ensign
	Civil and war flag, national ensign		Civil and state flag, war ensign
	Civil and state flag, state ensign		Civil and state flag, state and war ensign
	Civil and state flag, civil ensign		Civil and state flag, civil and war ensign
	State flag, war ensign		State flag, state and war ensign
	State flag, civil ensign		State flag, state and civil ensign
	State flag, national ensign		State flag and ensign, war flag
	State and war flag, civil ensign		State and war flag, civil and war ensign
	State and war flag, civil and state ensign		War flag, state ensign
	War flag, state and war ensign		War flag, civil ensign
	War flag, civil and war ensign		War flag, civil and state ensign
	War flag, national ensign		National flag, war ensign
	National flag, civil and war ensign		Other

See also

• Glossary of vexillology

References

1. Web site: FIAV Flag Information Symbols . 2022-10-20 . CRW Flags .
2. Web site: The FAME: Symbols and Abbreviations . 2022-10-21 . zeljko-heimer-fame.from.hr.