Verrückt Explained

Verrückt
Location:Schlitterbahn Kansas City
Status:demolished
Cost:$3.6 million[1]
Designer:Jeff Henry & John Schooley
Model:Water coaster
Height Ft:168
Speed Mph:70
Angle:60
Restriction In:54
Boats:10
Riders Per Row:1
Rows Per Boat:3

Verrückt (German meaning "crazy" or "insane",) was a water slide located at the Schlitterbahn Kansas City water park in Kansas City, Kansas, United States. At the height of 168feet, Verrückt became the world's tallest water slide when it opened on July 10, 2014, surpassing Kilimanjaro at Aldeia das Águas Park Resort in Brazil. The ride was designed at the park, led by John Schooley with assistance from park co-owner Jeff Henry. It was featured on an episode of Xtreme Waterparks on the Travel Channel in June 2014, shortly before the ride opened. Verrückt permanently closed in 2016 following a fatal incident involving the decapitation of Caleb Schwab, the 10-year-old son of Kansas state legislator (and later Secretary of State of Kansas) Scott Schwab.[2]

Verrückt was originally scheduled to open in June 2013, but difficulties during various construction and safety testing stages resulted in several delays. Sandbags loaded into rafts during testing went airborne. The ride's final design made rafts reach a maximum speed of 70mph. Verrückt was well-received upon opening, winning a Golden Ticket Award from Amusement Today in 2014.

After Schwab's death, amusement park safety laws were updated to require state inspection of all attractions. It was later revealed that at least 13 other people had suffered non-fatal injuries from hitting the netting above the slide. Criminal charges led to the arrests of several individuals, including Schooley and Henry. The charges were ultimately dismissed with the finding of multiple procedural issues with the case's presentation by the Kansas Attorney General. The incident's aftermath, however, resulted in a rapid decline in Schlitterbahn's reputation and financial standing, resulting in the park's closure in September 2018. Verrückt was dismantled two months later.

History

Background

Original plans for Schlitterbahn Kansas City, the first Schlitterbahn Waterparks site outside Texas, called for a complex including hotels and resort areas. Officials in Wyandotte County, Kansas, where it was to be built, were delighted when the company announced the plans in 2005, seeing this as the culmination of efforts to draw residents of the Kansas City metropolitan area to spend their disposable income in Kansas rather than Missouri. State legislators from the area passed a law allowing Schlitterbahn to self-inspect its attractions without state oversight as it did in Texas, unlike all other amusement parks in Kansas, which were subject to state inspection.[3]

However, the complete plans never came to fruition. Two years later, the Great Recession forced many amusement park operators, including Schlitterbahn, to scale back their plans and focus on making their existing parks profitable in the challenging economy. Schlitterbahn Kansas City was reduced to a park without lodging and was not open for an entire season until 2010. It was successful, but not to the degree Schlitterbahn and co-owner Jeff Henry had initially expected.

Construction

In November 2012, Schlitterbahn announced plans to create the world's tallest and fastest water slide at its Kansas City park, to open in mid-2013.[4] No name was given during the announcement, while specifications on the height of the ride were kept secret to ensure that the completed ride would set a world record for its creation.[5]

The water slide was spontaneously conceived by Henry at a trade show after a team from Travel Channel's Xtreme Waterparks asked what he was working on.[6] Initial attempts to pitch the idea to vendors at the show failed, so Henry decided to build the slide himself,[7] enlisting John Schooley as the ride's lead designer. Henry had described the new ride to the Travel Channel crew as a "speed blaster", a term he had likewise improvised. He and Schooley knew that Schlitterbahn had to live up to the hype Henry had created and design something previously unheard of. "Basically we were crazy enough to try anything", Schooley recalled.

Henry pressed his design team to complete the ride faster than usual, forcing many staff to work almost constantly. Calculations that normally required three to six months were completed in five weeks. As they began testing, rafts repeatedly went airborne on the ride's large bottom hump.[8]

In November 2013, the ride was officially named Verrückt, the German word for crazy or insane, with the opening date pushed back until the start of the park's 2014 season.[9] [10] The Guinness Book of World Records named Verrückt the world's tallest water slide in April 2014, before it was even finished. At 168feet, it surpassed Kilimanjaro at Aldeia das Águas Park Resort in Brazil.[11] When the park opened, delays in construction and testing of the ride led to its opening date being pushed back to June 5,[12] and then June 29, after the lower portion of the ride was rebuilt, to coincide with a television special about the ride;[13] the park later canceled this opening date and two days of media previews following further delays.[14]

An unnamed lifeguard at the park told Esquire magazine in 2019 that the park primarily conducted some of the later tests after operating hours, with only select employees usually those who had been with the company for the longest allowed to watch. He further stated, "The only time I saw the slide run successfully was on the Travel Channel episode, but I wouldn't even call that successful", he recalled, because the raft in that case got stuck on the second hump. Sandbags on the raft frequently went airborne at that point, as in some leaked viral videos. "I told my friends and family it was only a matter of time until someone died on Verrückt", the lifeguard said.

A safety consultant hired by the park shortly before Verrückt's scheduled opening told Henry it was unfinished and unsafe. When complete, he recommended that only riders aged 16 and over be allowed on the ride. Henry, who had no formal engineering education, decided age 14 was better. Just before the opening, however, he eliminated the age limit.

Operation

Verrückt was eventually completed and officially opened on July 10,[15] attracting national media coverage. Among the first riders was then-Kansas Governor Sam Brownback. The riders who had seen the videos of 110lb sandbags flying off the rafts went on anyway. One local judge told Esquire later that she rode the water slide ten times that day, and an employee who had loaded the sandbags during testing said he went down twenty times over its first two days. "That should tell you something about how I felt about it," he said. However, Henry and Schooley, while watching riders that day, noted how many rafts seemed to be going airborne on the lower hump into the emergency netting meant to keep them on the slide.

Two months later, Verrückt was voted the world's "Best New Waterpark Ride" at the 2014 Golden Ticket Awards.[16] However, at least thirteen riders suffered non-fatal injuries, such as concussions or slipped and herniated discs many of which had long-term effects after either hitting the netting or being thrown into it. After a Missouri man thrown from the raft suffered facial injuries in June 2016, the park's operations manager allegedly attempted to cover up the incident, telling lifeguards what to write in their reports; it is believed that this happened with other accidents.

Even some uninjured riders were unnerved by Verrückt. A Kansas City man who had made a point of riding due to favorable experiences with the Texas Schlitterbahn parks recalled having to grab the raft's auxiliary straps when the Velcro straps holding him came loose after the first drop; he was thankful that his son had used the weight limit as an excuse not to ride. A local woman whose boyfriend held her in the raft likewise noted to Esquire that the netting and hoops on the lower hump showed signs of many human collisions.

Design

Verrückt was designed to consist of two drops, the initial being a 17-story plunge, with a five-story uphill midsection. The ride was designed to accommodate three-person rafts, each weighing and carried up by conveyor to the top of the slide, while riders climbed 264 steps to the top.[17] To prevent the rafts from lifting off the slide, rider groups were weighed twice – once at the bottom and again at the top before riding – to ensure a combined weight between and, and that single riders are below .[18] [19]

The starting point of the ride, at, was taller than either Niagara Falls or the foot-to-torch portion of the Statue of Liberty. Because it was beyond the that zoning codes permitted, the design required a variance. The height was increased from its initial plan of, which was also above the limit.[20] After the announcement of the ride's height and the certification of its world record on April 25, 2014, Schlitterbahn tore down most of the lower part of the ride, to rebuild and re-engineer it because sandbags had flown off the ride during testing. As a result, the second drop was changed from 45 degrees to 22 degrees, an extra was added to the uphill portion of the ride to slow the rafts,[21] [22] and a series of metal hoops supporting netting were added into areas where rafts had flown off in early testing.[20]

Fatal incident

On August 7, 2016, Caleb Schwab, the 10-year-old son of Kansas state representative Scott Schwab, died while riding Verrückt. The raft he was riding went airborne during the ascent of the second hump and struck a metal support of the netting, decapitating him.[23] [24] The other two passengers, both women, were injured in the incident – one suffered a broken jaw, while the other suffered a facial bone fracture and needed stitches. In the immediate aftermath, Schlitterbahn Kansas City was closed pending an inspection.[23] [25] Although the park reopened three days later, the ride remained closed.[26] [27] [28]

Reportedly, Caleb, who weighed, had been allowed to sit in the front of the raft rather than between the two women accompanying him – one weighed, while the other weighed . This created an uneven weight distribution, which some experts concluded may have contributed to the raft going airborne. However, the total weight of was less than the maximum recommended weight of .[29] Engineers who inspected the ride also commented that the ride's netting, used in areas where riders travel up to, "posed its own hazard because a rider moving at high speeds could easily lose a limb if they hit it".[20] Their findings revealed that the use of the metal brace and netting system in the design,[30] along with the use of hook and loop straps to restrain the riders,[31] violated guidelines set by ASTM F-24 Committee on Amusement Ride and Devices.[32] According to the guidelines, Verrückt should have incorporated rigid over-the-shoulder restraints for riders and an upstop mechanism to prevent the rafts from going airborne.[33]

Aftermath

After Scott Schwab spoke to his fellow legislators about his son's death and its effect on him, they voted to change the law that had allowed Schlitterbahn to self-inspect, requiring that the state regularly inspect all the state's amusement park attractions. In November 2016, Schlitterbahn announced that Verrückt would be demolished following the conclusion of a criminal investigation.[34] [35] The Schwab family settled with several involved parties, including Schlitterbahn, for approximately in early 2017. Settlements involving the other two riders injured in the accident were undisclosed.

In July 2018, a judge approved a plan by the park to disassemble Verrückt beginning the following September.[36] [37] The ride's teardown was placed on hold indefinitely in August 2018, resulting from ongoing discussions in multiple court cases that were filed after the incident.[38] The park eventually began dismantling the ride in November 2018,[39] and the work to remove the ride was completed within two months. The park did not operate the following season, and Schlitterbahn's reputation and finances were negatively impacted. Two of the company's water parks in Texas were sold in June 2019 for to Cedar Fair, a major owner of amusement parks nationwide, including Kansas City, Missouri's Worlds of Fun and Oceans of Fun.[40] [41]

Criminal charges

On March 23, 2018, a grand jury issued an indictment against Schlitterbahn and Tyler Austin Miles, former director of operations, charging them with involuntary manslaughter, aggravated battery, aggravated child endangerment, and interference with law enforcement.[42] [43] The indictment accused the park of negligence, concealing design flaws, and downplaying the severity of previous injuries reported on the ride.[44]

The 2018 indictment against Schlitterbahn wrote that Jeff Henry and John Schooley "lacked technical expertise to design a properly functioning water slide" and did not perform standard engineering procedures or calculations on how the slide would operate. Instead, they used "crude trial-and-error methods" to test its performance out of haste to launch the ride. According to court documents, Schooley conceded that, "If we actually knew how to do this, and it could be done that easily, it wouldn't be that spectacular."[45]

Three days later, on March 26, Henry was arrested in Cameron County, Texas, in connection with the incident.[46] One day later, on March 27, the Kansas Attorney General's office released a new indictment against Henry, Schooley, and Henry & Sons Construction Company — privately owned by Schlitterbahn — charging them with second-degree murder in addition to seventeen other felonies.[47] [48] [49] [50] Schooley was arrested at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport after returning from a trip to China on April 2, 2018.[51] The defendants were arraigned in April 2018,[52] and the first criminal trial began in October.[53]

On February 22, 2019, criminal charges were dismissed against Henry, Schooley, and Miles because inadmissible evidence had been presented to the grand jury.[54] [55] [56] The judge's ruling reprimanded state attorneys for presenting the Xtreme Waterparks episode to jurors as fact, instead of as a "fictional and dramatized version of events created for entertainment purposes,"[57] and expert witnesses for claiming that the designers of the slide were negligent in not following ASTM standards, though the law at the time did not require that those standards be followed.[58] [59]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Powell. William. The World's Tallest Water Slide Is Insane. Outside Online. en. August 27, 2014. April 11, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180411164421/https://www.outsideonline.com/1925351/i-survived-worlds-tallest-water-slide. April 11, 2018. live.
  2. News: Schlitterbahn's Tragic Slide . . Skip . Hollandsworth.
  3. News: Bella. Timothy. How a Freak Accident Happens. Esquire. January 29, 2019. March 13, 2019. subscription. https://web.archive.org/web/20201101055957/https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a23568619/schlitterbahn-freak-accident-caleb-schwab/. November 1, 2020.
  4. Web site: World's tallest water coaster coming to Schlitterbahn Kansas City . November 20, 2012 . Amusement Today . July 21, 2014 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140727104648/http://www.amusementtoday.com/2012/11/20/worlds-tallest-water-coaster-coming-to-schlitterbahn-kansas-city/ . July 27, 2014 .
  5. News: Stagemeyer. Suzanna. Schlitterbahn announces cryptic plans for record-breaking waterslide in Kansas City, Kan. – Kansas City Business Journal. August 10, 2016. Kansas City Business Journal. November 14, 2012. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160818100326/http://www.bizjournals.com/kansascity/news/2012/11/14/schlitterbahn-announces-cryptic-plans.html. August 18, 2016.
  6. News: Curtis. Bryan. The Wet Stuff. Grantland. September 10, 2014. April 11, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180411171218/http://grantland.com/features/the-wet-stuff-verruckt-waterslide-schlitterbahn/. April 11, 2018. live.
  7. News: Herndon. Astead. World's tallest water slide finally open CNN Travel. CNN Travel. June 26, 2014. en. April 11, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180411171211/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/worlds-tallest-water-slide/index.html. April 11, 2018. live.
  8. News: Geiling . Natasha . How Do You Build the World's Tallest Water Slide? . January 11, 2020 . Smithsonian Magazine . July 28, 2014.
  9. Web site: Zimmerman . Neetzan . The World's Tallest Waterslide Looks as Terrifying As It Sounds . Gawker . August 10, 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160819024611/http://gawker.com/the-worlds-tallest-waterslide-looks-as-terrifying-as-i-1467661327 . August 19, 2016 .
  10. News: Rizzo. Tom. Darby. Adam. Verruckt, the world's tallest and fastest water slide, is taking shape in KCK. August 10, 2016. The Wichita Eagle. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160810161334/http://www.kansas.com/news/article1127973.html. August 10, 2016.
  11. Web site: Meet Verrückt: the world's new tallest water slide. Janela. Mike. May 5, 2014. Guinness World Records. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140510231544/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2014/5/meet-verrueckt-the-worlds-new-tallest-water-slide-57097. May 10, 2014. August 10, 2016.
  12. News: McCallister. Laura. Schlitterbahn's Verruckt 'not behaving properly'. August 10, 2016. KCTV. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160812064030/http://www.kctv5.com/story/25590567/worlds-of-fun-new-ride-wont-open-on-saturday. August 12, 2016.
  13. News: Foster. Brian. World's tallest water slide to open in late June. August 10, 2016. KMBC. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160825233556/http://www.kmbc.com/news/worlds-tallest-water-slide-to-open-in-late-june/26254026. August 25, 2016.
  14. News: Arnett. Dugan. After third delay, no new opening date for Schlitterbahn's Verrückt (with new POV video). August 10, 2016. The Kansas City Star. June 27, 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160811113013/http://www.kansascity.com/entertainment/article634033.html. August 11, 2016.
  15. News: Schlitterbahn:First riders on Verrückt at Schlitterbahn love the 'rush' (with video). The Kansas City Star. The McClatchy Company. Edward. Eveld. July 9, 2014. July 10, 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140712023925/http://www.kansascity.com/entertainment/article697346.html. July 12, 2014.
  16. Park and ride winners. Amusement Today. September 2014. September 7, 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20140909194347/http://www.goldenticketawards.com/2014-park-ride-winners. September 9, 2014.
  17. News: Schlitterbahn cancels media preview of world's tallest water slide. August 10, 2016. KMBC. June 26, 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160812154818/http://www.kmbc.com/news/schlitterbahn-cancels-media-preview-of-worlds-tallest-water-slide/26662130. August 12, 2016.
  18. Web site: All NEW Verruckt Schlitterbahn Kansas City Water Park . www.schlitterbahn.com . August 10, 2016 . October 7, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161007105243/http://www.schlitterbahn.com/kansas-city/rides/all-new-verruckt . dead .
  19. News: Draper. Bill. AP first-person account of riding the Verruckt, the world's tallest waterslide. August 10, 2016. The Topeka Capital-Journal. Associated Press. August 8, 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160812153230/http://cjonline.com/news/2016-08-08/ap-first-person-account-riding-verruckt-worlds-tallest-waterslide. August 12, 2016.
  20. Web site: The making of Schlitterbahn's Verruckt water slide: Too much, too fast? . Steve . Vockrodt . Scott . Canon . Katy . Bergen . The Kansas City Star . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170202080518/http://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article95562432.html. February 2, 2017.
  21. News: Opening of world's tallest water slide delayed. August 10, 2016. USA Today. Associated Press. June 27, 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160818120926/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/06/27/tallest-water-slide/11545601/. August 18, 2016.
  22. News: Laresse. Steve. Verruckt: Designer of tallest slide takes the plunge. August 10, 2016. USA Today. July 7, 2014. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160824065525/http://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/destinations/2014/06/26/verruckt-worlds-tallest-water-slide-exclusive-ride-video/11421473/. August 24, 2016.
  23. Calvo. Amanda. Chan. Melissa. What We Know About the Young Boy Decapitated on the World's Tallest Water Slide. January 3, 2017. Time. August 9, 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170103020701/http://time.com/4444447/caleb-schwab-verruckt-water-slide-death/. January 3, 2017.
  24. News: Raine. Naja. Caleb Schwab, 10, Decapitated in Water Slide Accident, Police Confirm. August 9, 2016. People. August 9, 2016.
  25. Web site: Kansas Waterpark to Reopen Wednesday After Boy's Death. Emily. Shapiro. August 9, 2016. ABC News.
  26. Web site: Stephanie . Graflage . Mary . Pulley . KCK police release details about water park tragedy; pastor provides statement on 10-year-old boy killed. August 8, 2016. WDAF. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160809162544/http://fox4kc.com/2016/08/08/kck-police-release-details-about-water-park-tragedy-pastor-provides-statement-on-10-year-old-boy-killed/. August 9, 2016.
  27. News: Campbell. Matt. Cronkleton. Robert. Adler. Eric. Son of Kansas lawmaker dies on Verrückt slide at Schlitterbahn water park in Kansas City, Kan.. August 7, 2016. The Kansas City Star. August 8, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160808072815/http://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article94254507.html . August 8, 2016. live.
  28. Web site: A Boy Died on This Water Slide—in One of the Many States That Barely Ensure That Rides Are Safe. Helaine. Olen. Slate. August 8, 2016 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160809164128/http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2016/08/08/a_boy_died_on_a_water_slide_in_kansas_one_of_many_states_that_barely_regulates.html. August 9, 2016.
  29. News: Insquistr. Tara. West. Verruckt Waterslide Death Result Of Poor Weight Distribution? Experts Say Caleb Schwab Should Have Been In Center Seat. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20160821173440/http://www.inquisitr.com/3433889/verruckt-waterslide-death-result-of-poor-weight-distribution-experts-say-caleb-schwab-should-have-been-in-center-seat/. August 21, 2016.
  30. News: Vockrodt. Steve. Rizzo. Tony. Baurer. Laura. Rice. Glenn E.. Schlitterbahn corporation, ex-manager indicted in Verruckt water slide death. Kansas City Star. March 23, 2018. March 25, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180325054321/http://www.kansascity.com/news/article206605804.html. March 25, 2018. live.
  31. Web site: State of Kansas v. Tyler Austin Miles, Schlitterbahn Waterpark of Kansas City, Kansas. 16–17. According to ASTM, hook-and-loop material should never be used as a safety device on an amusement ride. The correct restraint system for a ride like Verrückt would be a Class 5 restraint consisting of rigid overhead shoulder bars with a locking lap restraint.. March 28, 2018. March 26, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180326174428/http://www.kansascity.com/latest-news/article206611679.ece/BINARY/Read%20the%20full%20Schlitterbahn%20corporation%20indictment. March 26, 2018. live.
  32. Web site: ASTM International. www.waterparks.org. March 26, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180326183149/http://www.waterparks.org/web/Tagged_Content/Hot_Topics/ASTM.aspx. March 26, 2018. live.
  33. Web site: State of Kansas v. Tyler Austin Miles, Schlitterbahn Waterpark of Kansas City, Kansas. 16. The rafts were designed and constructed without any "upstop" mechanisms to prevent rafts from going airborne. Upstop mechanisms have been used for decades and are standard safety features in the amusement ride industry.. March 28, 2018. March 26, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180326174428/http://www.kansascity.com/latest-news/article206611679.ece/BINARY/Read%20the%20full%20Schlitterbahn%20corporation%20indictment. March 26, 2018. live.
  34. News: Schlitterbahn Kansas City announces Verruckt water slide to be removed after child death in August. Ariel. Rothfield. 41 Action News Staff. November 23, 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20161123141011/http://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/schlitterbahn-kansas-city-announces-verruckt-water-slide-to-be-removed-after-child-death-in-august. November 23, 2016.
  35. News: Porter. Toriano. Bauer. Laura. Schlitterbahn will close Verrückt water slide where 10-year-old boy was killed. November 23, 2016. The Kansas City Star. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20161123063330/http://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article116542643.html . November 23, 2016.
  36. News: Schlitterbahn to tear down Verruckt water slide in KCK where young boy died in 2016. July 13, 2018. Kansas City Star. July 12, 2018. Steve. Vockrodt. Lauren. Fox. https://web.archive.org/web/20180712224231/https://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article214766785.html. July 12, 2018. live.
  37. News: Romo. Vanessa. Court Grants Permission To Destroy World's Tallest Waterslide. July 18, 2018. National Public Radio. July 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180718002400/https://www.npr.org/2018/07/12/628587296/court-grants-permission-to-destroy-worlds-tallest-waterslide. July 18, 2018. live.
  38. Web site: Plans to tear down water slide where boy died on hold. KWCH. August 24, 2018 . August 26, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180826214731/http://www.kwch.com/content/news/Plans-to-tear-down-water-slide-where-boy-died-on-hold-491682851.html. August 26, 2018. live.
  39. Web site: Demolition begins on Schlitterbahn's Verruckt. www.bizjournals.com . Kansas City Business Journal. February 3, 2019.
  40. News: Chavez . Jon . Cedar Fair reaches deal to acquire Schlitterbahn water parks in Texas . August 2, 2020 . Toledo Blade . June 13, 2019.
  41. News: Evans . Matt . Cedar Fair, parent company of Worlds of Fun, purchases Texas Schlitterbahn waterparks, with rights to KCK property . June 13, 2019 . KMBC-9 . KMBC-9 News Staff . https://web.archive.org/web/20190613160009/https://www.kmbc.com/article/cedar-fair-parent-company-of-worlds-of-fun-purchases-texas-schlitterbahn-parks-with-rights-to-kck-property/28003996 . June 13, 2019 . live .
  42. Web site: State of Kansas v. Tyler Austin Miles, Schlitterbahn Waterpark of Kansas City, Kansas. March 28, 2018. Wyandotte County, Kansas. March 26, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180326174428/http://www.kansascity.com/latest-news/article206611679.ece/BINARY/Read%20the%20full%20Schlitterbahn%20corporation%20indictment. March 26, 2018. live.
  43. News: Phillips. Kristine. A boy was decapitated on a waterslide. The park knew the ride could kill people, officials say.. Washington Post. March 25, 2018. March 26, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180326142044/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/03/24/a-boy-was-decapitated-on-a-waterslide-the-park-knew-the-ride-could-kill-people-officials-say/. March 26, 2018. live.
  44. News: Court documents detail alleged negligence in design of Schlitterbahn water slide that killed 10-year-old. March 23, 2018. fox4kc.com. March 23, 2018. Makenzie. Koch. https://web.archive.org/web/20180324101558/http://fox4kc.com/2018/03/23/court-documents-detail-allegations-of-negligence-in-design-of-schlitterbahn-water-slide-that-killed-10-year-old/. March 24, 2018. live.
  45. News: Barnes. Tom. Designers of water slide that decapitated boy 'had no technical qualifications'. March 25, 2018. The Independent. A total of 11 people suffered injuries, including slipped spinal disks, whiplash, broken toes and lacerations on the ride in the period between when it became operational in July 2014 and the day of the fatal crash.. March 24, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180325001432/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/water-slide-boy-verr-ckt-child-death-decapitation-designers-no-qualifications-schlitterbahn-a8272036.html. March 25, 2018. live.
  46. News: Schlitterbahn co-owner Jeff Henry arrested in Texas on Verruckt-related charges. The Kansas City Star. March 27, 2018. en. March 26, 2018. Vockrodt. Steve. https://web.archive.org/web/20180327004757/http://www.kansascity.com/news/article206886324.html. March 27, 2018. live.
  47. Web site: State of Kansas v. Jeffrey Wayne Henry, John Timothy Schooley, Henry & Sons Construction Company. Wyandotte County, Kansas. March 28, 2018. March 21, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180328021007/https://www.wycocourtks.org/uploads/4/4/1/2/4412070/indictment.pdf. March 28, 2018. dead.
  48. News: Vockrodt. Steve. Rizzo. Tony. Schlitterbahn executives charged with second-degree murder in Verruckt case. The Kansas City Star. March 27, 2018. en. March 28, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180328102619/http://www.kansascity.com/news/local/crime/article207001119.html. March 28, 2018. live.
  49. News: Hanna. John. Park owner, slide designer charged with murder in boy's waterpark death. Chicago Tribune. March 27, 2018. Associated Press. March 28, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180328044835/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-kansas-water-park-death-charges-20180326-story.html. March 28, 2018. live.
  50. News: Brocchetto. Marilia. Gray. Melissa. Kansas water park executives charged with murder in boy's death. CNN. March 27, 2018. March 28, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180328043625/https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/27/us/schlitterbahn-waterpark-death-arrests/index.html. March 28, 2018. live.
  51. News: Cronkleton. Robert A.. Vockrodt. Steve. Schlitterbahn's Verruckt designer John Schooley arrested in Dallas. April 3, 2018. The Kansas City Star. April 6, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180403170308/http://www.kansascity.com/article207778379.html. April 3, 2018. live.
  52. Web site: Lawyer for Verruckt designer Schooley: 'Weight of evidence in this case...is weak' . Steve . Vockrodt . April 6, 2018.
  53. News: First trial begins in Schlitterbahn tragedy . . October 15, 2018 . October 31, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181016110627/https://www.wibw.com/content/news/First-trial-begins-in-Schlitterbahn-tragedy-497643981.html . October 16, 2018 . live .
  54. News: Judge dismisses charges over boy's death on Schlitterbahn's Verruckt . . . The Kansas City Star reports that Wyandotte County Judge Robert Burns found Friday that state prosecutors showed grand jurors inadmissible evidence in dismissing second-degree murder charges against Schlitterbahn owner Jeff Henry and designer John Schooley. The judge also dismissed an involuntary manslaughter charge against operations manager Tyler Miles. . February 22, 2019 . March 14, 2019.
  55. Web site: State of Kansas vs. Jeff Henry, John Schooley, Henry & Sons, Tyler Miles, KC Waterpark Management (Motion to Dismiss) . District Court of Wyandotte County, Kansas.
  56. Web site: In the District Court of Wyandotte County, Kansas Criminal Court Department . Wyandotte County District Court . February 22, 2019 . March 16, 2022.
  57. News: Judge Dismisses Charges in Boy's Decapitation on 170-Foot-Tall Water Slide . Jacey . Fortin . February 24, 2019 . . March 14, 2019.
  58. News: Vockrodt . Steve . Schlitterbahn charges tossed. Judge says Kansas AG 'irreparably tainted' grand jury . March 14, 2019 . . The Wichita Eagle, contributor . Jonathan . Shorman . February 22, 2018 . en.
  59. Web site: Judge Dismisses Murder Charges Over Boy's Death On Kansas Waterslide . . Bill . Chappell . February 25, 2019 . August 14, 2019.

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