| County: | Vermilion Parish |
| State: | Louisiana |
| Type: | Parish |
| Ex Image: | ChrisLitherlandGueydan.jpg |
| Ex Image Size: | 300px |
| Ex Image Cap: | Museum at Gueydan, Louisiana |
| Founded Year: | 1844 |
| Seat Wl: | Abbeville |
| Largest City Wl: | Abbeville |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 1542 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 1173 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 369 |
| Area Percentage: | 24 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Total: | 57359 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | auto |
| Time Zone: | Central |
| Named For: | Vermilion River and Bay |
| District: | 3rd |
Vermilion Parish (French: Paroisse de Vermillion) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana, created in 1844.[1] The parish seat is Abbeville.[2] Vermilion Parish is part of the Lafayette metropolitan statistical area, and located in southern Acadiana. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 57,359.[3]
In the past several decades, much of the southern portion of the parish has been swept away by water erosion, especially after Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita in 2005.
Indigenous peoples lived in the area for thousands of years, from different cultures. By historic times, the Chitimacha and Atakapa inhabited the area and were the American Indians encountered by Spanish and French explorers and settlers. The tribes' numbers were drastically reduced as a result of exposure to European diseases.
French, Spanish, enslaved Africans, and French-Canadians from Acadia expelled after the Seven Years' War won by Great Britain, had all entered the area by the end of the 18th century. As the population became mostly Cajun, the primary language was French for years. In the mid- to late 19th century, they were joined by European Americans; immigrants from Italy, recruited to work on the plantations, as well as Jewish immigrants from Germany and eastern Europe, who tended to settle in towns and become merchants.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the parish has a total area of, of which is land and (24%) is water.[4] It is the fifth-largest parish in Louisiana by total area. The Gulf of Mexico is located to the south of the parish.
| Number | Percentage | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| White (non-Hispanic) | 44,020 | 76.74% | |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 7,859 | 13.7% | |
| Native American | 171 | 0.3% | |
| Asian | 1,253 | 2.18% | |
| Pacific Islander | 9 | 0.02% | |
| Other/Mixed | 1,751 | 3.05% | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 2,296 | 4.0% |
In 2000, were 22,461 housing units at an average density of 19/mi2. The racial makeup of the parish was 82.68% White, 14.17% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 1.82% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 0.76% from two or more races; 1.38% of the population were Hispanic or Latin American of any race; 24.89% reported speaking French or Cajun French at home, while 1.64% speak Vietnamese and 1.02% Spanish. In 2019, the racial and ethnic makeup was 81.4% non-Hispanic white, 14.5% Black and African American, 0.5% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.4% some other race, and 1.1% from two or more races. An estimated 3.5% of the population were Hispanic and Latin American of any race.
At the 2000 U.S. census, there were 19,832 households, out of which 37.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.50% were married couples living together, 13.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.10% were non-families. 23.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.16. The 2019 American Community Survey determined there were 22,086 households and 26,586 housing units; there was a home-ownership rate of 77% and the median housing value was $122,200. The median gross rent from 2015 to 2019 was $685.
In 2019, the median income for a household in the parish was $51,945; males had a median income of $53,658 versus $33,327 for females. About 21.3% of the children under 18 lived at or below the poverty line, and 17.6% of the total population was below the poverty line. The median income for a household in the parish was $29,500, and the median income for a family was $36,093 in 2000. Males had a median income of $31,044 versus $18,710 for females. The per capita income for the parish was $14,201. About 17.40% of families and 22.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.00% of those under age 18 and 21.40% of those age 65 or over.
Vermilion Parish School Board operates most public schools in the parish. Schools serving Delcambre are located in Vermilion Parish but are operated by the Iberia Parish School System.
Public Schools that are run by the Vermilion Parish School Board include:
Vermilion Parish is also served by the Diocese of Lafayette with three schools:
Additionally, Vermilion Parish is served by two unaffiliated private schools:
Vermilion Parish is served by one institution of higher education:
For most of the 20th Century, Vermillion was a Democratic-leaning parish, voting Republican only in landslide elections such as 1972, 1980, and 1984. However, like other Acadian parishes with large Cajun populations, the county has turned sharply right in the 21st century based on cultural issues and Democrats' discomfort with the oil and gas industry.[9]