Varamin Explained

Varamin
Native Name:Persian: ورامين
Native Name Lang:fa
Settlement Type:City
Pushpin Map:Iran
Coordinates Footnotes:[1]
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:Iran
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Name1:Tehran
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2:Varamin
Subdivision Type3:District
Subdivision Name3:Central
Unit Pref:Metric
Elevation M:915
Population As Of:2016
Population Total:225628
Population Density Km2:auto
Timezone:IRST
Utc Offset:+3:30
Area Code:021 (Formerly 0291)

Varamin (Persian: ورامين;) is a city in the Central District of Varamin County, Tehran province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[2]

Etymology

The word "Varamin" has been recorded with the same spelling and pronunciation in Perso-Arabic script since 3rd A.H. century.[3] While its etymology is not clear, there have been many speculations which are almost all not more than guesses. The entry "Varām" in Burhan-i Qati is defined as:"... Things that are easy and light, and a city in Mulk-i Rayy that is known also as Varāmin."[4] Mir Jalaleddin Kazzazi says "Varām" is a variant of the name Bahram (equivalent to Vahram in Pahlavi and Armenian), and may be from Varām+in meaning 'place of Bahram.'[5]

The name has been transliterated in Latin scripts in many ways; such as Veramin, Veramine,[6] Weramin, Weramine, Veraumin, and other variants, while Encyclopedia Iranica uses Varāmīn.[7]

History

Until 1220s, Varamin was an agricultural center of Ray. The raiding of Ray by the invading Mongols caused a flux of migration and economical growth during Mongol Ilkhanid rule. Thus, Varamin developed into an urban center. A Vizier of Ilkhanid Abu Sa'id, named Yusuf Quhadhi built the Jameh Mosque of Varamin. Other significant monuments from this era, include mausoleum of Imamzadeh Yahya, Aladdin Tower, Imamzadeh Shah Husayn, and Sharif mosque. At the turn of 14th century, Varamin started to decline due to Timurid Empire armies' invasions. In 1405, Ruy González de Clavijo described the city as mostly deserted, although during early Timurid rule, a minor restoration was applied to the Jameh mosque and Imamzadeh Hosein Reza was built. By 16th century, Tehran started to grow as the major city of the region.[8]

Demographics

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 208,569 in 53,639 households.[9] The following census in 2011 counted 218,991 people in 62,884 households.[10] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 225,628 people in 69,190 households.[11]

Climate

According to the information of the State Meteorological Organization of Iran, the long-term average annual rainfall of Varamin is around 107.5 mm[12]

Landmarks

Ilkhanid architecture

During the Mongol Ilkhanate, as a result of the economic growth in the region, Varamin became an urban center and most of the significant historical monuments of this city belong to this period. Including:

Jameh mosque

See main article: Jameh Mosque of Varamin. The most famous building of the city, the Jameh mosque's construction began during Öljaitü's reign and completed in during his son's rule in 1322.

Aladdin tower

See main article: Aladdin Tower. A cylindrical tomb with a conic dome was built in 1289 over a local ruler's grave.

Imamzadeh Yahya

See main article: Imamzadeh Yahya. The tomb of a descendant of Muhammad in the city, famed for its tile-works.[13] The tomb was constructed in 1307.

Others

Other than the three mentioned above, another tomb known as Shah Hoseyn was also built in Ilkhanid era. Portal of Masjid-i Sharif, which does not exist nowadays is mentioned to be completed in 1307. An Ilkhanid graveyard was unearthed in 2016.[14]

Other sites

Other than above buildings, mausoleums of Hosein Reza, Sakinehbanu, Kowkab a-ddin, Seyyed Fathollah, and Zaid Abolhassan are other historical monuments. Additionally, historians have mentioned the Razaviyeh historical madrasah adjacent to the Jameh Mosque, also Varamin Castle, 1500 feet from the Jameh Mosque, has also been a noted by travelers, both the madrasah and citadel do not also exist today.[15]

Industries

Sugar refinery factory

Varamin Sugar Refinery Factory was built in 1934–1935 by Nikolai Markov and is the very first sugar refinery factory in Iran and Middle East. Since 2007 and privatization,[16] its produce has been reduced because of shortage in ingredients.[17] [18]

Oil-extracting factory

Varamin Oil-extracting factory was built in 1938–1939 and is the first producer of vegetable oil in Iran.[19]

Handcrafts

Carpets and rugs

Carpets and rugs of Varamin are among most famous carpets in the world. Many rug and carpet experts see Varamins as purer Persian carpets.[20] They have geometric patterns with repeated medallions, especially on runners. They are made by tribal people who either live in or pass by Varamin.

Colleges and universities

Islamic Azad University

Islamic Azad University Varamin-Pishva Branch was established in 1985. This branch has more than 86 different majors and capacity of 15,000 students.[21]

See also

Notes and References

  1. ((OpenStreetMap contributors)) . Varamin, Varamin County . . 17 March 2023 . 17 March 2023 . fa.
  2. Web site: Approval of divisional reforms in Tehran province . fa . Lamtakam . https://web.archive.org/web/20231224174349/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/122334 . Ministry of Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board . Aref . Mohammad Reza . 7 July 1381 . 24 December 2023 . 24 December 2023.
  3. Book: Tājīk . ʻAlī Riz̤ā . Atrī . Siyyidizahrā . Ās̲ār-i tārīkhī-i Varāmīn-i bāstān . 2005 . Mihr-i Amīr al-Muʼminīn . Tihrān . 9789648173833 . Chāp-i 1 . Persian.
  4. Book: Amini . Mohammad . Rezvan . Homayun . Tarikh-e Ejtemai-e Varamin . 2003 . Elmi Farhangi Saheb-az-zaman . Tehran . 9640612278 . 88.
  5. Kazzazi . Mir Jalaleddin . Varamin: City of Bahram . Ashena . 2 . 7 . 3 March 2024 . Persian.
  6. Book: Dieulafoy . Jane . Une amazone en Orient du Caucase à Persépolis, 1881-1882 . 2010 . Phébus . Paris . 9782752904485.
  7. Web site: EMĀMZĀDA iii. Number, distribution, and important examples . Encyclopedia Iranica . 31 May 2022.
  8. Book: Bloom . Jonathan . Blair . Sheila . Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture: Three-Volume Set . 2009 . Oxford University Press . Oxford . 9780195373042 . 391 .
  9. Web site: Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006) . 23 . fa . The Statistical Center of Iran . AMAR . 25 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110920084534/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/23.xls . Excel . 20 September 2011.
  10. Web site: Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011) . 23 . fa . The Statistical Center of Iran . Syracuse University . https://web.archive.org/web/20230120190153/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Tehran.xls . 20 January 2023 . 19 December 2022 . Excel.
  11. Web site: Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016) . 23 . fa . The Statistical Center of Iran . AMAR . 19 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211212171617/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_23.xlsx . Excel . 12 December 2021.
  12. Web site: tahghighat . tehranmet.ir.
  13. Web site: Museum . Victoria and Albert . Tile Panel Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Tahir V&A Explore The Collections . Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections . 9 June 2022 . en.
  14. Web site: كشف یك گورستان تاریخی در ورامین . ایرنا . 9 June 2022 . fa . 7 August 2016.
  15. Web site: معنی جامع ورامین لغت‌نامه دهخدا . www.vajehyab.com . 9 June 2022 . fa.
  16. News: کارخانه قند ورامین در آستانه بازگشایی قرار گرفت . 10 February 2022 . IRNA . Persian.
  17. Web site: http://www.parsine.com/fa/news/57078/قديمي-ترين-کارخانه-قند-ايران-تعطيل-شد. fa:قديمي ترين کارخانه قند ايران تعطيل شد. . www.Parsine.com . fa.
  18. Web site: http://www.tebyan.net/Social/SevenContinents/IranTour_Geographical_/2010/7/8/130041.html. fa:یادگارهای جناب نیکلای. www.Tebyan.net . fa.
  19. Web site: http://www.khoec.com/Default.aspx?tabid=368. fa:روغنکشی شماره ی یک ورامین. www.Khoec.com. fa. 2012-04-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20111001082659/http://www.khoec.com/Default.aspx?tabid=368. 2011-10-01. dead.
  20. Web site: Varamin carpets in Little Persia . www.little-persia.com .
  21. http://iauvaramin.ac.ir/fa/?page_id=227 iauvaramin.ac.ir