Veni Creator Spiritus Explained

Latin: Veni Creator Spiritus|italic=yes
Type:Hymn
Image Upright:1.5
Translation:Come, Creator Spirit
Occasion:Pentecost
Text:c. 809, attributed to Rabanus Maurus
Language:Latin
Melody:Gregorian chant
Meter:8 8 8 8
Composed:c. 1000, attributed to Kempten Abbey

Veni Creator Spiritus (Latin: Come, Creator Spirit) is a traditional Christian hymn believed to have been written by Rabanus Maurus, a ninth-century German monk, teacher, archbishop, and saint. When the original Latin text is used, it is normally sung to a Gregorian Chant tune first known from Kempten Abbey around the year 1000. The hymn has been translated and paraphrased into several languages, and adapted into many musical forms, often as a hymn for Pentecost or for other occasions that focus on the Holy Spirit.

Liturgical use

As an invocation of the Holy Spirit, Veni Creator Spiritus is sung in the Catholic Church during liturgical celebrations on the feast of Pentecost, at both Terce and Vespers. It is also sung at occasions such as the College of Cardinals entering the Sistine Chapel during a papal conclave, the consecration of bishops, the ordination of priests, the profession of members of religious institutes, administering the sacrament of Confirmation, the dedication of churches, the convening of synods or councils, the coronation of monarchs, the Red Mass starting the judicial year, and the beginning of other similar solemn events. It is also traditional to chant the hymn on New Year's Day to obtain a plenary indulgence.

Martin Luther used the hymn as the basis for his Pentecost chorale "German: [[Komm, Gott Schöpfer, Heiliger Geist]]", first published in 1524.

Veni Creator Spiritus is also widely used in Anglican liturgies, where it has appeared since the publication of the 1550 ordinal and continues to appear, for example, in the ordinal of the 1662 Book of Common Prayer, and in the Novena to The Holy Ghost in Saint Augustine's Prayer Book, published in 1947.[1] The translation "Come Holy Ghost, our souls inspire" was by Bishop John Cosin in 1625, and has since been sung at all subsequent British coronations. Another English example is "Creator Spirit, by whose aid", written in 1690 by John Dryden and published in The Church Hymn Book (1872, n. 313).[2]

Text

Several variations of the lyrics exist. Below are the original ninth-century text and a classicizing revision published in 1632 under Pope Urban VIII. The former is used in some Protestant churches and certain Catholic religious orders, while the latter is used in most secular Catholic parishes. A versified English translation follows.

Notable English translations

Since the English Reformation in the 16th century, there have been more than fifty English-language translations and paraphrases of Veni Creator Spiritus.[3] The version attributed to Archbishop Cranmer, his sole venture into English verse, first appeared in the Prayer Book Ordinal of 1550. It was the only metrical hymn included in the Edwardian liturgy. In 1561 John Day included it after the psalms in his incomplete metrical psalter of that year. From 1562 onwards, in The Whole Booke of Psalmes, Day printed Cranmer's version at the start of the metrical paraphrases.[4] In terms of concision and accuracy, Cranmer compares poorly with Luther. Cranmer's sixth stanza, which mentions the Last Judgement and religious strife within Christendom ("the last dreadful day... strife and dissension..."), was a new addition, with no parallel in the Latin original or in Luther's version.

The version included in the 1662 revision of the Book of Common Prayer compressed the content of the original seven verses into four (with a two-line doxology), but retained the Latin title. It was written by Bishop John Cosin for the coronation of King Charles I of Great Britain in 1625.[5] The same words have been used at every coronation since, sung by the choir after the Creed and before the Anointing.[6] The first verse is:

Come, Holy Ghost, our souls inspire,

and lighten with celestial fire.

Thou the anointing Spirit art,

who dost thy sevenfold gifts impart.[7]

During the Coronation of Charles III and Camilla in 2023, for the first time, the words were translated and also sung in Irish Gaelic, Scots Gaelic and Welsh, in addition to English.[8] The Cosin text was translated and arranged by Grahame Davies, Iain Urchadan and Damian McManus.[9]

Another well-known version by the poet John Dryden was first published in his 1693 work, Examen Poeticum. It has six-line verses and hence must be sung to a hymn tune in 88 88 88 meter, such as "Melita" by John Bacchus Dykes,[10] or else adapted in part to the CM with alleluias of "Lasst uns erfreuen".[11] Dryden's first verse is:

Creator Spirit, by whose aid

The world's foundations first were laid,

Come, visit every pious mind;

Come, pour thy joys on humankind;

From sin and sorrow set us free,

And make thy temples worthy thee.

German paraphrases

Martin Luther wrote a paraphrase in German, "Komm, Gott Schöpfer, Heiliger Geist" (literally: Come, God Creator, Holy Ghost) as a Lutheran hymn for Pentecost, first published in 1524, with a melody derived from the chant of the Latin hymn. It appears in the Protestant hymnal Evangelisches Gesangbuch as EG 126.[12]

Heinrich Bone published his own German paraphrase in 1845, "Komm, Schöpfer Geist, kehr bei uns ein" (literally: Come, Creator Spirit, visit us), also using an adaptation of the plainchant melody. It appears in the German Catholic hymnal Gotteslob (2013) and its 1975 predecessor.

A rhymed German translation or paraphrase, "Komm, Heiliger Geist, der Leben schafft" (literally: Come, Holy Spirit who creates life), was written by Friedrich Dörr to a melody close to the Gregorian chant, published in 1972. It became part of the Gotteslob hymnal in 1975, and the second edition in 2013, as GL 342 in the section "Pfingsten – Heiliger Geist" (Pentecost – Holy Spirit).

Musical settings

Over the centuries, Veni Creator Spiritus has inspired the following works by notable composers, in approximate chronological order:

External links

Notes and References

  1. Saint Augustine's Prayer Book (1967) [1947]. (Revised ed.) West Park, New York: Holy Cross Publications. p. 316.
  2. Web site: Creator Spirit, by whose aid . . hymnary.org . 22 August 2023.
  3. Nutter, Charles S.; Tillett, Wilbur F. The Hymns and Hymn Writers of The Church (Smith & Lamar, 1911), p. 108.
  4. Quitslund, Beth. The Reformation in Rhyme: Sternhold, Hopkins and the English Metrical Psalter (Ashgate, 2008), pp. 204, 229.
  5. Aquilina, Ivan D. The Eucharistic Understanding of John Cosin and His Contribution to the 1662 Book Of Common Prayer (University of Leeds, 2002), p. 6.
  6. https://web.archive.org/web/20131211131344/http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/royals/coronations/guide-to-the-coronation-service "Guide to the Coronation Service"
  7. Web site: The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . Oremus.org . 14 October 2020.
  8. Web site: Grahame Davies - Welsh poet, editor and literary critic. . 2023-08-21 . grahamedavies.com.
  9. News: Robinson . Matthew . King Charles's Coronation: Read the order of service in full . The Telegraph . 6 May 2023 .
  10. Web site: Creator Spirit, by whose aid . Hymnary.org . 14 October 2020.
  11. Web site: Creator Spirit, By Whose Aid . . 9 May 2017.
  12. Book: https://media.carus-verlag.com/images-intern/medien/00/0313670/0313670x.pdf . Evangelisches Gesangbuch . EG 126: Komm, Gott Schöpfer, Heiliger Geist . Carus-Verlag . 2013 . 14 November 2023.
  13. Web site: Veni Creator Spiritus (Titelouze, Jean) - IMSLP . 2024-01-05 . imslp.org.
  14. Web site: Veni creator Spiritus, H.54 (Charpentier, Marc-Antoine) - IMSLP . 2024-01-05 . imslp.org.
  15. Web site: Veni creator Spiritus, H.69 (Charpentier, Marc-Antoine) - IMSLP . 2024-01-05 . imslp.org.
  16. Web site: Veni creator Spiritus, H.70 (Charpentier, Marc-Antoine) - IMSLP . 2024-01-05 . imslp.org.
  17. Web site: Veni Creator Spiritus, S.14 or 14bis (Lalande, Michel Richard de) - IMSLP . 2024-01-05 . imslp.org.
  18. Web site: Komm Gott Schöpfer, heiliger Geist, P.223 (Pachelbel, Johann) - IMSLP . 2024-01-05 . imslp.org.
  19. Sharp . G. B. . The Organist's Repertory. 11: Nicolas de Grigny, 1672-1703 . The Musical Times . 1972 . 113 . 1553 . 705–707 . 10.2307/956248 . 956248 .
  20. Book: Veni creator spiritus, hymne du // saint esprit . 1723 . Ms. autogr.
  21. Book: Bertoni 1765 . 1765 . Ms.
  22. Web site: Giroust . François . 1787 . Veni creator // par Mr Giroust. En 1787 (manuscrit autographe) . 2024-01-05 . Gallica . EN.
  23. Book: Veni Creator: [4 voix d'hommes] ]. 1866 . chez Madame Maeyens Couvreur . Paris.
  24. Web site: Phantasie über 'Veni Creator Spiritus' (Capocci, Filippo) - IMSLP . 2024-01-05 . imslp.org.
  25. . Matthew-Walker . Robert . Zsolt Gárdonyi: Toccata – Veni creator spiritus für Orgel . The Organ . 100 . 395 . Winter 2021 . 55 .
  26. Web site: CREATION . 2024-06-16 . danforrest.com . en-US.

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