| Velký Klínovec | |
| Location: | Loučná nad Desnou, Czech Republic |
| Range: | Hrubý Jeseník |
| Elevation M: | 1167 |
| Prominence M: | 47 |
| Map: | Czech Republic |
Velký Klínovec (formerly Klínovec;[1] de|Käulig Wiese[2]) is a mountain in the Hrubý Jeseník mountain range in the Czech Republic. It has an elevation of above sea level. It is located in the municipality of Loučná nad Desnou, near the historical border between Silesia and Moravia.
Velký Klínovec is located slightly to the northwest of the centre of the entire Hrubý Jeseník range. It features a dome-shaped summit and lies within the northern area of the Hrubý Jeseník range in a subregion known as the . This summit is positioned along the main ridge, which extends from to pass, between (separated by Hřebenová pass) and Červená hora (separated by Červenohorské sedlo.[3]
The mountain is easily recognizable from the west to the north directions, such as from the viewpoints in the, where the ski slopes on its side form an O shape.[4] From other directions, it is less distinctive and harder to identify, such as from the road around the summit of Dlouhé stráně,[5] where it appears to have a somewhat flattened ridge and is located between the peaks of Červená hora and . From the road encircling the summit of Praděd, it is difficult to recognize, as it is visible above .
Velký Klínovec is bordered by:
Surrounding peaks include:
Within the mountain, four main slopes can be distinguished:
All types of forestation can be found here: spruce forest, mixed forest,[7] and deciduous forest, with spruce forest predominating.[8] The northern and southwestern slopes feature mixed forests alongside the spruce forest, and as altitude decreases on the southwestern slope, deciduous forests also appear. Nearly all slopes show significant variability in forest coverage, with clearings, ski trails, associated ski lifts, and large meadows.[9] Along the southwestern slope near the Koutský žleb couloir, runs a 22 kV overhead power line. Approximately 750 meters west of the summit, near the crest of the southwestern slope, there are isolated rocky outcrops and a group of rocks at elevations from 1,050 to 1,080 meters above sea level.
The slopes generally have gentle and varied inclines. The average slope gradient ranges from 5° (eastern slope) to 14° (northwestern slope). The weighted arithmetic mean slope gradient for the entire mountain is around 12°. The maximum average gradient on the southwestern slope near the bend before the Červenohorské sedlo pass on route 44 does not exceed 45° over a 50-meter stretch. The slopes are crisscrossed by a network of roads (e.g., Miliónová cesta) and generally unmarked, sparse paths.
The southwestern slope is traversed by the serpentine national road 44 from Šumperk to Jeseník. This road is unique in its course, originally laid out in the 19th century to connect with the developing tourist base at Červenohorské sedlo pass. It was later asphalted in the 20th century and modernized and repaired between 2014 and 2016.[10] To cover a straight-line distance of 2.6 km with an elevation difference of 405 meters (from the bridge in Kouty nad Desnou at 603 m above sea level to the Červenohorské sedlo pass at 1,008 m above sea level), a road 7.7 km long had to be built to moderate the slope gradient. The road includes nine road loops at elevations of 609, 620, 699, 770, 800, 832, 865, 897, and 922 m above sea level. The road is secured with guardrails along the mountain side, offering views towards many nearby peaks such as Dlouhé stráně, Medvědí hora, Suchá hora, and, at higher elevations, the tower on Praděd.
Velký Klínovec is a mountain with a single summit. The summit area is forested with spruce, with clearings covered in alpine grass and dotted with small rocky outcrops. The summit area contains a triangulation station marked on geodetic maps as number 7, with an elevation of 1,163.80 m above sea level and coordinates, located about 30 m southwest of the summit. The summit features a rocky outcrop, which is a limited viewpoint offering restricted views, including towards Praděd mountain. This outcrop is surrounded by forest, which over time grows taller and further limits the view. According to the publisher=State Administration of Land Surveying and Cadastre, the highest point of the mountain is the summit, with an elevation of 1,166.9 m above sea level and coordinates . Close to the summit's rocky outcrop is the starting area for the ski trails, providing perspectives on the peaks of the Keprník Mountains: Ucháč, Černá stráň,,,, Červená hora, and, and .
Geologically, the Velký Klínovec massif belongs to the unit known as the [11] and is composed of metamorphic rocks, mainly (biotite, chlorite, and muscovite), phyllites, gneisses (plagioclase), amphibolites, porphyroids, stromatites, schists (graphite), greenschist, quartzite, and sedimentary rocks, mainly limestone and meta-conglomerates.[12]
The mountain lies on the European watershed, with the northern slope draining into the Baltic Sea basin (Oder river basin) and the southwestern slope draining into the Black Sea basin (Danube river basin). Several short unnamed streams, tributaries of the Divoká Desná river, originate on the southwestern slope. Near I/44 road, about 1.6 km southwest of the summit (southwestern slope), at an elevation of about 681 m above sea level, there is a built spring called Studánka pod Červenohorským sedlem.[13] Additionally, at the foot of the southwestern slope, near the Divoká Desná river, there is an oval pond about 90 m long and a rectangular water reservoir near the buildings of the Kouty nad Desnou settlement, close to the flowing Divoký potok stream. Due to the relatively gentle slopes, there are no waterfalls or cascades on the mountain.
The entire mountain is located within the, established to protect rock formations, soil, and plant life, as well as rare animal species. There are no nature reserves or other natural monuments on the slopes. Additionally, no educational trails have been designated on the mountain.
The Czech Tourist Club has marked four hiking trails on and around Velký Klínovec:
– Velký Klínovec – Hřebenová pass – – Sedlo pod Malým Jezerníkem pass – – – Sedlo Velký Jezerník pass – Švýcárna mountain hut – Praděd – pass – Petrovy kameny – – pass – Vysoká hole – Vysoká hole–JZ – – – pass – – Jelení studánka – Sedlo pod Jelení studánkou pass – – – Rýmařov[14]
Červenohorské sedlo – Velký Klínovec – Výrovka Mountain – Malý Jezerník Mountain – Kamzík[15]
Filipovice – – spring – – Velký Klínovec – Červenohorské sedlo – Kouty nad Desnou – Hučivá Desná valley – Sedlo pod Vřesovkou pass – Kamenne okno – Červená hora – Bílý sloup
Kouty nad Desnou – – – Kamzík – Velký Jezerník – Sedlo Velký Jezerník pass – Švýcárna mountain hut – Praděd – U Barborky pass – Petrovy kameny – Ovčárna – Karlova Studánka
Three cycling routes are marked around Velký Klínovec:
Červenohorské sedlo – Velký Klínovec – Výrovka – Kamzík – Velký Jezerník – Sedlo Velký Jezerník pass – – Švýcárna mountain hut – Praděd – U Barborky pass – Petrovy kameny – Ovčárna – pass[16]
– – Malý Děd – Velký Jezerník – Malý Jezerník – Výrovka – Velký Klín – Jeřáb – Velký Klínovec – Červenohorské sedlo[17]
Přemyslov – Černá stráň – Hučivá Desná valley – Červená hora – – Suchá hora – Kouty nad Desnou – Hřbety – Nad Petrovkou – Petrovka[18]
A popular road climb runs along the southwestern slope on road no. 44 to Červenohorské sedlo, favored by cyclists and motorcyclists:
Climb from Loučná nad Desnou (length: 11.8 km, elevation gain: 506 m, average gradient: 4.3%, with 9 switchbacks)[19]
In snowy periods, cross-country ski trails follow the hiking and cycling routes,[20] including the so-called Jesenická magistrála:[21]
Drátovna – Jeřáb – Mariin pramen spring – Velký Klín – Pod Velkým Klínem – Velký Klín–JZ – Velký Klínovec – Červenohorské sedlo
Videlské sedlo – Vysoký vodopád nature reserve – Malý Děd – Velký Jezerník – Velký Klín – Jeřáb – Velký Klínovec – Červenohorské sedlo
Six downhill ski trails with corresponding lifts are established on Velký Klínovec, with round signs at the summit indicating the color (difficulty) and number of the trail:[22]
| Main downhill ski trails with lifts from Velký Klínovec | ||||||
| Number | Trail and name | Trail length(meters) | Elevation gain(meters) | Lift type | Lift length(meters) | |
| 1 | 1 | 750 | 190 | T-bar lift | 750 | |
| 2 | 1a | 1,250 | 290 | 4-chair lift[23] | 1,050 | |
| 3 | 2 | 900 | 180 | T-bar lift | 750 | |
| 4 | 2a | 1,350 | 290 | 4-chair lift | 1,050 | |
| 5 | 3 | 420 | 90 | T-bar lift | 450 | |
| 6 | 3a | 190 | 35 | T-bar lifts | 200 and 60 | |