Veillonella parvula explained

Veillonella parvula is a strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative, coccus-shaped bacterium in the genus Veillonella.[1] It is a normal part of the oral flora but can be associated with diseases such as periodontitis and dental caries as well as various systemic infections, including meningitis and osteomyelitis.[2] It has also been isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis and has been associated with hypertension together with Campylobacter rectus and Prevotella melaninogenica.[3]

V. parvula is unable to feed on carbohydrates, but can feed on lactate provided by Streptococcus species also found in the oral cavity.[4] Specifically, Streptococcus mutans and V. parvula can form multispecies biofilms that lead to a lower susceptibility to antimicrobial treatments, resulting in periodontitis and dental caries.[5]

Antimicrobial susceptibility

V. parvula bacteria are susceptible to and typically treated with metronidazole and penicillin in clinical reports.[6] [7] [8] [9] Other antibiotics that have been shown to be active against V. parvula include cephalosporin, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol.

Antibiotic resistance

There have been several reports of antibiotic resistance in V. parvula isolates in different countries.[10] [11] [12] In Greece, V. parvula isolates were found to be somewhat resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, clindamycin, and moxifloxacin, with no reported resistance to metronidazole.[13] In Taiwan, V. parvula isolates were found to be resistant against metronidazole.[14] These findings represent the growing issue of antibiotic resistance worldwide.

Further reading

Mashima I, Nakazawa F . The influence of oral Veillonella species on biofilms formed by Streptococcus species . Anaerobe . 28 . 54–61 . August 2014 . 24862495 . 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.05.003 .

External links

Notes and References

  1. Matera G, Muto V, Vinci M, Zicca E, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S, van de Veerdonk FL, Kullberg BJ, Liberto MC, van der Meer JW, Focà A, Netea MG, Joosten LA . 6 . Receptor recognition of and immune intracellular pathways for Veillonella parvula lipopolysaccharide . Clinical and Vaccine Immunology . 16 . 12 . 1804–1809 . December 2009 . 19828771 . 2786383 . 10.1128/CVI.00310-09 .
  2. Bongaerts GP, Schreurs BW, Lunel FV, Lemmens JA, Pruszczynski M, Merkx MA . Was isolation of Veillonella from spinal osteomyelitis possible due to poor tissue perfusion? . Medical Hypotheses . 63 . 4 . 659–661 . 2004-01-01 . 15325011 . 10.1016/j.mehy.2004.02.052 .
  3. Pietropaoli D, Del Pinto R, Ferri C, Ortu E, Monaco A . Definition of hypertension-associated oral pathogens in NHANES . Journal of Periodontology . 90 . 8 . 866–876 . August 2019 . 31090063 . 10.1002/JPER.19-0046 . 155089995 .
  4. Megrian D, Taib N, Witwinowski J, Beloin C, Gribaldo S . One or two membranes? Diderm Firmicutes challenge the Gram-positive/Gram-negative divide . Molecular Microbiology . 113 . 3 . 659–671 . March 2020 . 31975449 . 10.1111/mmi.14469 . free .
  5. Luppens SB, Kara D, Bandounas L, Jonker MJ, Wittink FR, Bruning O, Breit TM, Ten Cate JM, Crielaard W . 6 . Effect of Veillonella parvula on the antimicrobial resistance and gene expression of Streptococcus mutans grown in a dual-species biofilm . Oral Microbiology and Immunology . 23 . 3 . 183–189 . June 2008 . 18402603 . 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2007.00409.x .
  6. Al-Otaibi FE, Al-Mohizea MM . Non-vertebral Veillonella species septicemia and osteomyelitis in a patient with diabetes: a case report and review of the literature . Journal of Medical Case Reports . 8 . 1 . 365 . November 2014 . 25388792 . 4304151 . 10.1186/1752-1947-8-365 . free .
  7. Cobo F, Pérez-Carrasco V, García-Salcedo JA, Navarro-Marí JM . Bacteremia caused by Veillonella dispar in an oncological patient . Anaerobe . 66 . 102285 . December 2020 . 33075505 . 7563575 . 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102285 .
  8. Chen YC, Ko PH, Yang CJ, Chen YC, Lay CJ, Tsai CC, Hsieh MH . Epidural abscess caused by Veillonella parvula: Case report and review of the literature . Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi . 49 . 5 . 804–808 . October 2016 . 25066704 . 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.05.002 . free .
  9. Rolfe RD, Finegold SM . Comparative in vitro activity of new beta-lactam antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria . Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy . 20 . 5 . 600–609 . November 1981 . 7325628 . 181759 . 10.1128/AAC.20.5.600 .
  10. Al-Otaibi FE, Al-Mohizea MM . Non-vertebral Veillonella species septicemia and osteomyelitis in a patient with diabetes: a case report and review of the literature . Journal of Medical Case Reports . 8 . 1 . 365 . November 2014 . 25388792 . 4304151 . 10.1186/1752-1947-8-365 . free .
  11. Liu JW, Wu JJ, Wang LR, Teng LJ, Huang TC . Two fatal cases of Veillonella bacteremia . European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases . 17 . 1 . 62–64 . January 1998 . 9512189 . 10.1007/BF01584370 . 491775 .
  12. Maraki S, Mavromanolaki VE, Stafylaki D, Kasimati A . Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in recent clinical isolates of Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria in a Greek University Hospital . Anaerobe . 62 . 102173 . April 2020 . 32062399 . 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102173 . 211135750 .
  13. Jeverica S, Kolenc U, Mueller-Premru M, Papst L . Evaluation of the routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria in a Slovenian tertiary-care hospital in 2015 . Anaerobe . 47 . 64–69 . October 2017 . 28433670 . 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.04.007 . free .
  14. Teng LJ, Hsueh PR, Tsai JC, Liaw SJ, Ho SW, Luh KT . High incidence of cefoxitin and clindamycin resistance among anaerobes in Taiwan . Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy . 46 . 9 . 2908–2913 . September 2002 . 12183246 . 127412 . 10.1128/AAC.46.9.2908-2913.2002 .

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