Vehicle regulation explained

Vehicle regulations are requirements that automobiles must satisfy in order to be approved for sale or use in a particular country or region. They are usually mandated by legislation, and administered by a government body. The regulations concern aspects such as lighting, controls, crashworthiness, environment protection and theft protection, and might include safety belts or automated features.

History

Some countries have had national regulations for a long time. The first steps toward harmonizing vehicle regulations internationally were made in 1952 when WP.29, a working party of experts on vehicles' technical requirements, was created. This resulted in the 1958 Agreement on uniform conditions of approval and mutual recognition of vehicle approvals, components, and parts. This was one of the first international agreements on vehicle regulation, which initially focused on European countries. The European Union played a role in harmonizing regulations between member states. Later, the 1958 agreement was opened to non-European countries such as Japan, Korea, and Australia.

To join the WP.29, one has to send a letter signed by an important official from their country or regional economic integration organization (REIO) informing the secretariat of WP.29 that they would like to participate in meetings regarding the harmonization of vehicle regulations (United Nations).[1] The next step to participate would be to get the registration form completed by delegates who are also attending the meeting. Other parties such as Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) must be of certified advisory status to the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (ECOSOC).

There was a new international agreement in 1998 whose objectives were to improve global safety, decrease environmental pollution and consumption of energy and improve anti‐theft performance of vehicles and related components and equipment through establishing global technical regulations (GTRs) in a Global Registry based on UNECE Regulations or national regulations listed in a Compendium of candidates, GTR harmonizing them at the highest level. In 2000, WP.29 became the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations that is a working party of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).

In 1947 the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) was established to reconstruct Europe after the war took place, expand profitable activity, and nourish relationships between European countries and the rest of the nation. With the help of UNECE, it is used as policy dialogue, economic dialogue, and assist countries in their intermingling into the global economy. UNECE attempts to maintain amicable relationships amongst other countries involving transport, trade, statistics, energy, forestry, housing, and land management (UN. ECE).[2] UNECE is multisector that is a tool used to tackle hardships that may arise providing solutions when possible.

Geographical regulations

KMVSS

Table of regulations

Global regulations and their relation with national / regional law

Status of the Agreement, of the Global Registry and of the Compendium of Candidates, Revision 31, UNECE, 16 november2021! Global regulation
number! Global regulation
title! Australia !! Canada !! PRC !! EU !! India !! Japan!! Russia !! US
1 Door locks and door retention componentsinto national law into national law Transposition
UN Regulation No.11
into national law Transposition
UN Regulation No.11
Transposition
1 Am 1Door locks and door retention componentsTransposition
UN Regulation No.11
Transposition
UN Regulation No.11
Transposition
2 Measurement procedure for two-wheeled motorcycles (...) with regard to the emission of gaseous pollutants, CO 2 emissions and fuel consumptionRegional law
3 Motorcycle brake systemsTransposition
UN Regulation No.78
Transposition
UN Regulation No.78
into national law Transposition
UN Regulation No.78
Transposition
4 (...) natural gas (NG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (...) the emission of pollutants (WHDC)Transposition
UN Regulation No.49
Transposition
UN Regulation No.49
5 on-board diagnostic systems (OBD) for road vehicles Transposition
UN Regulation No.49
Transposition
UN Regulation No.49
6 Safety glazingTransposition
UN Regulation No.43
Transposition
UN Regulation No.43
7 Head restraints
8 Electronic stability control systemsinto national law with amendments and exemptions transposed into national law with amendments and exemptionsTransposition
UN Regulation No.13-H
Transposition
UN Regulation No.13-H
9 Pedestrian safetyRegional law into national law into national law
9 Am 1 Pedestrian safetyTransposition
UN Regulation No.127
National law
10 Off-cycle emissions (OCE)Transposition
UN Regulation No.49
11 (...) agricultural and forestry tractors (...) emissions of pollutants by the engineTransposition
UN Regulation No.96
into national law with amendments
12 Location, identification and operation of motorcycle controls, tell-tales and indicatorsTransposition
UN Regulation No.60
13 hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles
14 Pole Side Impact
15 Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP)
16 Tyres
17Crankcase and evaporative emissions of L-category vehicles
18 On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) systems for L-category vehicles
19EVAPorative emission test procedure for the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP EVAP)
20Electric Vehicle Safety (EVS)
21Determination of Electrified Vehicle Power (DEVP)

Specific national / regional regulations

UNECE
Europe[6] and EU laws[7]
USA[8] Global[9] India[10] Japan China South Korea Australia Gulf
DoorsUN R11 FMVSS 206 GTR 1 IS 14225 GSO 419/1994, GSO 420/1994
Steering wheelUN R12 FMVSS 203, FMVSS 204 AIS-096 GB 11557-2011
Seat beltsUN R14 FMVSS 209 AIS-015 GSO 96/1988, GSO 97/1988
Child restraint systemUN R44, R129 FMVSS 213 AIS-072 JIS D 040122000 GB 14166-2013 KMVSS 103-2 AS/NZS 1754:2013; AS/NZS 3629:2013 GSO 1709/2005, GSO 1710/2005
Head restraintsUN R17 FMVSS 202a GTR 7 IS 15546 GSO 1598/2002
SeatsUN R17, UN R80 AIS-016, AIS-023
Occupant head impactUN R21 FMVSS 201 IS 15223Art. 20 GB 11552-2009 KMVSS 88 ADR 21
Rear impactUN R32, UN R34 FMVSS 202a, FMVSS 301 AIS-101 Art. 15‐J017‐01 GB 20072-2006 GSO 37/2012
Bumper impactUN R42 FMVSS 581 AIS-006 GB 17354-1998 GSO 41/2007
Side windowsUN R43 FMVSS 205, FMVSS 226GTR 6
RolloverFMVSS 208
Roof strengthUN R66 FMVSS 216, FMVSS 216a AIS-031 GB 26134-2010 GSO 39/2005
Offset frontal impactUN R94 FMVSS 208AIS-098 Art. 18 GB/T 20913-2007 KMVSS 102 ADR 73/00 GSO 36/2005
Side impact - moving barrierUN R95 FMVSS 214 GTR 14 AIS-099 Art. 18 Attachmt. 24 GB 20071-2006 KMVSS 102 ADR 72/00 GSO 1707/2005, GSO 1708/2005
Pedestrian protectionUN R127, EC R78/2009, EC R631/2009 GTR 9 AIS-100 Art. 18 Attachmt. 99 GB/T 24550-2009 KMVSS 102-2
Side pole impactUN R135 FMVSS 214 GTR 14 Art. 18 GB/T 37337/2019KMVSS 102-4 ADR 85/00
Side door intrusion / Side door strengthFMVSS 214IS 12009ADR 29/00GSO 38/2005
Full frontal impactUN R137 FMVSS 208AIS-096 Art. 18 Attachmt. 23 GB 11551-2014 KMVSS 102-3 ADR 69/00 GSO 36/2005
Sleeper coachesAIS-119
Vehicle interior noise(proposal)https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/doc/2012/wp29grb/ECE-TRANS-WP29-GRB-57-inf10e.pdf49 CFR 393.94 IS-12832
Vehicle exterior noise (noise pollution)UN R9, UN R41, UN R51, UN R63 40 CFR 205.52 Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules
Electric vehicle warning sounds (AVAS)Regulation 540/2014, UN R138 FMVSS 141
Motorcycle helmetsUN R22FMVSS 218IS 4151JIS T 8133:2000AS/NZS 1698
Automotive lightsFMVSS 108
Front underrun protectionUN R93AIS-069
Rear underrun protectionUN R58FMVSS 223, FMVSS 224IS 14812
Lateral protection devicesUN R73IS 14682
Truck cabsUN R29AIS-029
ABSUN R8 (motorcycles)
Speed limitationUN R89
AirbagUN 114 & UN R94FMVSS 208
Replacement wheelsUN R124
ESCUN R140FMVSS 126ADR 88/00
TPMSUN R141FMVSS 138
AECS (eCall)UN R144
Blind Spot Information SystemUN R151
AEBUN R152, UN R131ADR 98/01
ALKSUN R157

Other shared regulations

UNECE regulations

Japan applies and is a member of the following UNECE regulations[11]

OECD regulations

European union follows OECD regulations for tractors, for instance:

Bilateral agreements

Some trade agreements such as the EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement may contain reference to a matching mapping of local requirements, for instance such mappings exists in appendix 2-C of the EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement.[13] [14]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. 2019. World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29). United Nations Digital Library System. en.
  2. Web site: FAQ - Transport - UNECE. 2020-10-19. www.unece.org.
  3. Web site: Bailey. R. Sadler. 2018-10-31. The "New NAFTA" and its Effects on Safety and the Environment. 2021-08-25. Bailey & Greer. en.
  4. Web site: Infrastructure. Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 4/05 - Seatbelts) 2012. 2021-08-25. www.legislation.gov.au. en.
  5. Web site: Rheinl. TÜV. Japan. Electric Cars: The Role of Standards in Japan and Abroad - Japan Industry News. 24 November 2015 . 2021-08-25. en-US.
  6. Web site: Regs 1-20 - Transport - UNECE . 2018-11-23 . 2018-11-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181124060508/http://www.unece.org/trans/areas-of-work/vehicle-regulations/agreements-and-regulations/un-regulations-1958-agreement/un-regulations-addenda-to-the-1958-agreement/old-version-of-regulations-pages/regs-1-20.html . dead .
  7. the column contains few non UN regulations
  8. Web site: Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations. 2021-08-25. one.nhtsa.gov.
  9. Web site: Global Technical Regulations (GTRs) UNECE. 2021-08-25. unece.org.
  10. Web site: Automotive Research and Development, Automotive Service Provider, India, Vehicle Type Certification, Automotive Testing and Calibration, Vehicle Design Labs, Advanced Automotive Design Standards, Automotive Engineering Course.
  11. News: World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations. 2020. UNECE. 27 February 2023.
  12. http://www.oecd.org/fr/agriculture/tracteurs/codes/07-ocde-codes-tracteurs-code-07.pdf OCDE codes. Tracteurs code
  13. Web site: Access2Markets EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement. 2021-08-25. trade.ec.europa.eu.
  14. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:a2fb2aa6-c85d-4223-9880-403cc5c1daa2.0022.02/DOC_3&format=PDF#page=1137 Appendix 2-C