Vehicle registration plates are the mandatory number plates used to display the registration mark of a vehicle, and have existed in Russia for many decades. Most motor vehicles which are used on public roads are required by law to display them. Having a number plate obstructed by snow, mud, paper, or any other tool that makes any of the digits and letters illegible is considered an administrative offense and results in a fine.
See main article: article and Vehicle registration plates of the Soviet Union.
The current format uses a letter followed by 3 digits and two more letters. To improve legibility of the numbers for Russian cars abroad, only a small subset of Cyrillic characters that look like Latin characters are used (12 letters: А, В, Е, К, М, Н, О, Р, С, Т, У, Х), additionally D was issued on some very early plates.[1] Finally, the region number (77, 97, 99, 177, 197, 199, 777, 797 and 799 for Moscow; 78, 98, 178, and 198 for Saint Petersburg, etc.) and the international code RUS with the 1991 to 1993 Russian flag typically to the right of it, however the flag is not mandatory, and since 2013 owners may order plates without it.[2]
There is a different format for trailers (2 letters and 4 digits). Motorcycles, mopeds and scooters plates are made of square reflective plates and its format is 4 digits at the top and two letters at the bottom. These plates lack a national flag.
The standard size for the license plate is 520 mm by 112 mm.
Vehicles used by certain organisations or categories of persons carry special plates:
Special plates in the above categories never carry the Russian flag, except for trailers.
There are special series (usually numbers starting with A) reserved for government officials (for example, A 001 AA usually belongs to the governor of the region). The license plates for federal government officials originally had a larger flag instead of the regional code but this type has now been withdrawn as well.
Rich businessmen, prominent politicians and crime lords often use para-legally acquired special licence plates (government or police) to get preferential treatment from the transport police and as a status symbol. Often, this is used in conjunction with a flashing siren. The Society of Blue Buckets is a protest movement that opposes this trend.[4]
As of 2014, there are new codes for Russian plates in occupied territories; number 82 for the Republic of Crimea and 92 for Sevastopol. The Russian Federation annexed Crimea from Ukraine and now administers it as two federal subjects: the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol. Ukraine, backed by most of the international community, refuses to accept the annexation and continues to assert its right over the peninsula. Vehicles with such plates may have difficulty entering countries which recognize Crimea as Ukrainian territory and thus deem documents issued by the Russian Federation in Crimea to be invalid.
After Russia's February 2022 escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, Russia began issuing license plates for its conquered territories in Ukraine's Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk, and Zaporizhzhia oblasts. It also began to issue plates numbered 188 in Kupiansk for the Kharkiv Oblast,[5] but its forces were pushed out of the oblast's territory during the Kharkiv counteroffensive in the fall of 2022.
As per GOST provision, only 1,726,272 combinations may be issued within one administration unit (the digits 000 are not allowed). In certain regions, the number of vehicles exceeds that number. Additionally, previous combinations cannot be reused after a vehicle has been de-registered. This scheme creates an issue where the number of possible license plate combinations cannot meet the demand of the number of vehicle registrations.
A short-term solution saw the introduction of additional codes for regions that suffered from this problem. Thus, some regions have two or three codes issued to them, the city of St. Petersburg has four, Moscow Oblast has six, and the federal city of Moscow has ten codes. But this does not fully solve the problem, as the authorities may eventually run out of three-numeral regional codes, and a fourth digit will not fit without changing the standardised layout of the plate. Since October 2013, when a vehicle is registered to a new owner, the registration plate could remain on the vehicle and a new registration number is not required, even if the vehicle is registered in another region.
The problem was resolved by re-registering plates that are no longer in use. Also, since 2013, the owner can keep the license plate for himself personally, or leave it on the car when selling it to another person.
The license plate regional codes from 01 to 89 originally matched the numerical order of the federal subjects of Russia as listed in the Article 65 of the Constitution of Russia at the moment of the creation of the standard. In the following years some codes were reassigned or discontinued (for example code number 20 for the Chechen Republic: to prevent illegal registrations, and due to the destruction of the database in the 1990s, all the vehicles of Chechnya were reregistered). As the populous regions started running out of license plate combinations, new codes past code 89 were assigned to them as well. Additional triple-digit codes were created by prepending a "1", "2", "7", or "9" to the existing regional code (e.g. 54 and 154 for Novosibirsk Oblast, or 16, 116 and 716 in Tatarstan).[6] Those regions with an asterisk (*) beside them were involved in mergers with other regions, so are no longer issued, and have their codes listed with an asterisk with the region they are now a part of.In June 2014, code 82 (formerly registered to the Koryak Autonomous District) was put back into registration for the Republic of Crimea, while Sevastopol adopted the new code 92. The reason for the decision to use code 82 was because, between the beginning of this plate format and the merging of the district, Koryak AO only registered 1,548 civilian car license plates (starting at A001AA/82 and ending at B549AA/82) and far less of other types (some types, such as public transport plates, were never issued in the region).
| align=center | Code | The region of Russian Federation |
|---|---|---|
| align=center | 01 | Republic of Adygea |
| align=center | 02, 102, 702 | Republic of Bashkortostan |
| align=center | 03 | Republic of Buryatia |
| align=center | 04 | Altai Republic |
| align=center | 05 | Republic of Dagestan |
| align=center | 06 | Republic of Ingushetia |
| align=center | 07 | Kabardino-Balkar Republic |
| align=center | 08 | Republic of Kalmykia |
| align=center | 09 | Karachay-Cherkess Republic |
| align=center | 10 | Republic of Karelia |
| align=center | 11 | Komi Republic |
| align=center | 12 | Mari El Republic |
| align=center | 13, 113 | Republic of Mordovia |
| align=center | 14 | Sakha Republic |
| align=center | 15 | Republic of North Ossetia–Alania |
| align=center | 16, 116, 716 | Republic of Tatarstan |
| align=center | 17 | Tuva Republic |
| align=center | 18 | Udmurt Republic |
| align=center | 19 | Republic of Khakassia |
| align=center | (20), 95 | Chechen Republic |
| align=center | 21, 121 | Chuvash Republic |
| align=center | 22, 122 | Altai Krai |
| align=center | 23, 93, 123, 193 | Krasnodar Krai |
| align=center | 24, 84*, 88*, 124 | Krasnoyarsk Krai |
| align=center | 25, 125 | Primorsky Krai |
| align=center | 26, 126 | Stavropol Krai |
| align=center | 27 | Khabarovsk Krai |
| align=center | 28 | Amur Oblast |
| align=center | 29 | Arkhangelsk Oblast |
| align=center | 30 | Astrakhan Oblast |
| align=center | 31 | Belgorod Oblast |
| align=center | 32 | Bryansk Oblast |
| align=center | 33 | Vladimir Oblast |
| align=center | 34, 134 | Volgograd Oblast |
| align=center | 35 | Vologda Oblast |
| align=center | 36, 136 | Voronezh Oblast |
| align=center | 37 | Ivanovo Oblast |
| align=center | 38, 85*, 138 | Irkutsk Oblast |
| align=center | 39, 91 | Kaliningrad Oblast |
| align=center | 40 | Kaluga Oblast |
| align=center | 41, 82* | Kamchatka Krai |
| align=center | 42, 142 | Kemerovo Oblast |
| align=center | 43 | Kirov Oblast |
| align=center | 44 | Kostroma Oblast |
| align=center | 45 | Kurgan Oblast |
| align=center | 46 | Kursk Oblast |
| align=center | 47, 147 | Leningrad Oblast |
| align=center | 48 | Lipetsk Oblast |
| align=center | 49 | Magadan Oblast |
| align=center | 50, 90, 150, 190, 750, 790 | Moscow Oblast |
| align=center | 51 | Murmansk Oblast |
| align=center | 52, 152, 252 | Nizhny Novgorod Oblast |
| align=center | 53 | Novgorod Oblast |
| align=center | 54, 154 | Novosibirsk Oblast |
| align=center | 55, 155 | Omsk Oblast |
| align=center | 56, 156 | Orenburg Oblast |
| align=center | 57 | Oryol Oblast |
| align=center | 58 | Penza Oblast |
| align=center | 59, 81*, 159 | Perm Krai |
| align=center | 60 | Pskov Oblast |
| align=center | 61, 161, 761 | Rostov Oblast |
| align=center | 62 | Ryazan Oblast |
| align=center | 63, 163, 763 | Samara Oblast |
| align=center | 64, 164 | Saratov Oblast |
| align=center | 65 | Sakhalin Oblast |
| align=center | 66, 96, 196 | Sverdlovsk Oblast |
| align=center | 67 | Smolensk Oblast |
| align=center | 68 | Tambov Oblast |
| align=center | 69 | Tver Oblast |
| align=center | 70 | Tomsk Oblast |
| align=center | 71 | Tula Oblast |
| align=center | 72, 172 | Tyumen Oblast |
| align=center | 73, 173 | Ulyanovsk Oblast |
| align=center | 74, 174, 774 | Chelyabinsk Oblast |
| align=center | 75, 80* | Zabaykalsky Krai |
| align=center | 76 | Yaroslavl Oblast |
| align=center | 77, 97, 99, 177, 197, 199, 777, 797, 799, 977 | Moscow |
| align=center | 78, 98, 178, 198 | St. Petersburg |
| align=center | 79 | Jewish Autonomous Oblast |
| align=center | 80, 180* | Donetsk People's Republic (occupied Ukraine) |
| align=center | 81, 181* | Luhansk People's Republic (occupied Ukraine) |
| align=center | 82 | Republic of Crimea (occupied Ukraine) |
| align=center | 83 | Nenets Autonomous Okrug |
| align=center | 84, 184* | Kherson Oblast (occupied Ukraine) |
| align=center | 85, 185* | Zaporizhzhia Oblast (occupied Ukraine) |
| align=center | 86, 186 | Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug |
| align=center | 87 | Chukotka Autonomous Okrug |
| align=center | 88* | Evenk Autonomous Okrug (1993-2006) |
| align=center | 89 | Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug |
| align=center | 92 | Sevastopol (occupied Ukraine) |
| align=center | 94, 188 | Territories outside of the Russian Federation, served by the bodies of internal affairs of the Russian Federation, such as Baikonur |
| align=center | 95 | |
| Internationally disputed areas in italics | ||
According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs Order 282 from March 28, 2002.[7]
United Kingdom
Germany
Canada
United States
Japan
Spain
France
Belgium
Greece
Denmark
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Turkey
Australia
Austria
Algeria
Egypt
Rwanda
Argentina
Myanmar
Brazil
Burundi
Ghana
Bangladesh
Guinea
Zambia
Peru
India
Indonesia
Jordan
Iraq
Ireland
Iceland
Kenya
Cyprus
Congo
Costa Rica
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Mali
Morocco
Mexico
Nepal
Nigeria
New Zealand
Pakistan
Burkina Faso
Senegal
Somalia
Sudan
Sierra Leone
Thailand
Tunisia
Uganda
Uruguay
Philippines
Finland
Sri Lanka
Chad
Switzerland
Sweden
Ecuador
Ethiopia
Angola
Colombia
Cameroon
Guinea-Bissau
Portugal
Bulgaria
Hungary
Poland
Cuba
Mongolia
China
Romania
Serbia
Benin
Gabon
Guyana
Mauritania
Madagascar
Malaysia
Niger
Singapore
Togo
Jamaica
Yemen
Nicaragua
Mozambique
Equatorial Guinea
Malta
Cape Verde
Zimbabwe
United Arab Emirates
Namibia
Oman
Qatar
Chile
Panama
Israel
Albania
Lithuania
Estonia
Latvia
Bahrain
Armenia
Saudi Arabia
Slovenia
Uzbekistan
Kyrgyzstan
Croatia
Azerbaijan
Ukraine
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Belarus
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Kazakhstan
Guatemala
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Eritrea
Paraguay
Gambia
Mauritius
Dominican Republic
Montenegro
Djibouti
El Salvador