Ved Prakash Upadhyay Explained

Honorific Prefix:Sanskrit Mahamahopadhyaya[1] [2]
Rashtrapatisammanita[3]
Acharya
Shastrachudamani
Ved Prakash Upadhyay
Birth Date:1947 2, df=y
Birth Place:Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh
Nationality:Indian
Citizenship:Indian
Occupation:Sanskrit Scholar, Author, Lecturer, Emeritus Professor (Panjab University),[4] Educator and scholar on Hinduism
Known For:Kalki Avatar and Muhammad
Parents:Ramjivan/Ramsjivan Sumitradevi Upadhyay, Pratimadevi Tripathi
Awards:President's Award of Certificate of Honour India 2018, Sanskrit Sahityalangkar Award from Haryana Sanskrit Academy
Workplaces:Sanskrit Language, Hinduism, Veda
Notable Works:Kalki Avatar and Muhammad

Ved Prakash Upadhyay or Ved Prakash Upaddhay (born 7 February 1947) is an Indian scholar of Sanskrit language and Hinduism, author, professor and social activist. He is the author of many books on Sanskrit literature and Hinduism. He is mostly known for his work Kalki Avatar and Muhammad,[5] which says that there are references to Muhammad as Kalki in some Hindu scriptures.

Early life and career

Upadhyay was born on 2 February 1947 in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh in British India. His father was Saryuparin Vedic scholar Pt.Shriramjeevan Upadhyay.[6] He is a former professor of Punjab University.[7] [8]

Reception

In 2017, he received the Sanskrit Sahitya Alangkar Award from the Haryana Sanskrit Academy.[9] In 2017, he received the Sahitya Ratna Padak from the Punjabi Language Department[10] and in 2019 he received the President's Award of Certificate of Honour of India 2018 for his contribution to Sanskrit language.[11] [12] [13] Upadhyay was also honored with the UGC Senior Fellowship, Shastrachudamani. Furthermore, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, appointed him as the President of Adarsh Sanskrit Sanstha in Himachal Pradesh.[14]

Selected works

Kalki Avatar and Muhammad

Italic Title:no
Kalki Avatar and Muhammad
Author:Ved Prakash Upadhyay
Language:Hindi
Subject:Discussion of the presence of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as the Hindu avatar of Kalki in the Hindu scriptures (Kalki Purana, Vedas and Bhavashi Purana, etc.)
Publisher:Saraswat Vedanta Prakash Sangha
Pub Date:between 1966-70

Upadhyay's most notable work was Kalki Avatar and Muhammad[15] [16] which was published in 1969 by Saraswat Vedanta Prakash Sangghha of Allahabad.[17] [18] [19] The book is thought to be a partial adaption of the book Muhammad in World Scriptures (originally "Mithaq an-Nabiyeen", covenant of the prophets) by Ahmadiya scholar Abdul Haq Vidyarthi. Originally written in Hindi language, in this book, he discussed his claim of the mention of Islamic prophet Muhammad as the Hindu avatar of Kalki in the Hindu scriptures (Kalki Purana, Vedas and Bhavishya Purana, etc.).[20] [21] [22]

Claimed analogies

Ved prakash claimed in the book that the age of Kali Yuga refers to the Islamic Golden Age and the present time is Anu Yuga or the time of Atomic energy. Some of the claimed similarities between Kalki and Muhammad shown on the book along with other two books of the trilogy are:[23] [24]

The author claimed, in dashavatar, the scripturally mentioned Buddha Avatar was finally found as Gautama Buddha from Buddhism and later included in Hinduism, similarly Hindu followers should include Muhammad as Kalki Avatar after reading this book, and should follow him instead of waiting for him to come.[31]

Reception

After publication, the book became very popular in India.[32] Bengali scholar Asitkumar Bandyopadhyay translated the book into Bengali language along with Upadhyay's other two books 'Narashangsa and the Antim Rishi" and "Religious Unity in the Light of the Vedas and the Puranas" and combined it in one edition in the same name.[33] The book was later also translated into English by several translators entitling Muhammad in the Hindu scriptures and Muhammad in the Vedas and the Puranas, which gave the book immense popularity outside India.[34] The book has also been translated in many regional Indian languages as well as in Urdu and Persian language etc. Besides popularity, the book was also criticized by many Hindu and Muslim bodies,describing the book as wrong explanation of Hindu scriptures by many Hindu scholars and as exclusion of Hinduism and Hindu scriptures from people of the Book and divine books by some Islamic scholars, whereas both of the sectors claimed the subjects of the book as later interpolations in Hindu scriptures.[35] [36] Many international journal articles has been written and published on the book,[16] [37] [21] [22] The book is a subject of discussion by many academics[38] [39] [40] [41] like Yoginder Sikand, Muzaffar Alam, Utpal K. Banerjee, Francesca Orsini and got wide media coverage in regional and international print and electronic medias.[42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48]

Hindu views

The content of the book is mainly a discussion of the claim that Kalki Avatar is Muhammad and the presence of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in Hindu scriptures. For this reason, Kalki Purana, Bhavishya Purana, Bhagavata Purana, Vedas etc. have been chosen as sources of Hindu scriptures. Hindu scholars criticize and oppose all these claims. An Indian organization 'Agniveer' criticized all these claims. In addition, the book "Ovranto Boidik Shastrer Alokey Kolki Obotar" (অভ্রান্ত বৈদিক শাস্ত্রের আলোকে কল্কি অবতার, Kalki Avatar in the Light of Inerrant Vedic Scriptures) (2019), and the January–March version of Amriter Sandhane magazine, both published by Bangladeshi wing of Back to Godhead, criticizes the claimed resemblance to Kalki Avatar.[49] [50] But in the October–December 2016 edition of Amriter shandhane, the Bangladeshi wing of Back to Godhead claimed the mention of Muhammad in Bhavishya Purana and hymn 127, book 20 of Atharvaveda in support of authenticity of vedic scriptures, which similared to the claim of the book.[51] Hindu spiritual leader Ravi Shankar claimed in his book "Hinduism and Islam: The Common Thread" that Muhammad is explicitly mentioned as the name "Mahamada" (Sanskrit: महामद) in Parva 3, Khand 3, Adhyay 3, texts 5-6 (Episode 3, section 3, chapter 3, text 5–6) of Bhavishya Purana: "An illiterate teacher will appear, Mohammed is his name, and he will give religion to the people of the desert", which also resembles the book.[52] [53]

Among all the similarities shown in the book with Kalki from the Kalki Purana, behavioral similarities are notable. For example: Muhammad is the last prophet of Islam with the last arrival of Kalki; Similarities of Muhammad's battles at various times with Kalki fighting on a white horse and sword, etc.[54] Critics cite Muhammad's contrasts with Kalki against such similarities. Again in the book it is said that there are similarities in various matters even applying the literal meaning. Critics consider such literal application of the similarity of characters to be misleading and a misapplication of meaning.

It also contains critical comments on Mughal history (the texts refer to them as "Mukuls") and mentions a "Mahamad". Critics point out that the "Mahamed" described in the Bhavishya Purana is a "mlechcha" (foreigner, barbarian) and is the "Daitya" or "ghost" called Tripurasura' who is reborn.,[55] And the word "Muslim" has been said to mean a destroyer of religion.[56] AK Ramanujan mentions Christ, Moses and Queen Victoria in a "properly updated Bhavisya Purana".[57] Regarding "Pratisargaparva" Hazra says: Although it belongs to "Bhavishya Purana" (Ik.1.2-3), "Pratisargaparva" refers to Adam, Noah, Yakuta, Timurlong, Nadirshah, Akbar (Delishwar), Jayachandra and many others. The book also mentions British rule in India, even mentioning Calcutta and Parliament.[58]

The book also claims that the Vedas contain prophecies of Muhammad. For example, in the Atharvaveda Kuntapa Sukta, 'Narasamsha', which is used for any praised person, the word Muhammad means praise, and the Sukta is claimed to describe Muhammad's prophecy. The sukta appears to refer to a justly praised king (Indra), although no Muhammadan association with them is found.[59] Certain verses of the mantra are precisely identified and their semantic similarities are shown in order to create the context, mainly to prove Muhammad's prophecies. Critics see such spending as ulterior motives.

Hindu scholars dispute the book's claims. A criticism of the claimed resemblance to Kalki Avatar is found in the book Ovranto Boidik Shastrer Alokey Kolki Obotar published by Amriter Sandhane Prakashani. Indian organizations like Agniveer also criticized these claims.[60] [56] Criticism states,

Indian Hindu organisation Agniveer also judjed the book by the academic works of western scholars on Hinduism. According to the organisation, the book presents the story of Abrahamic Adam and Eve, Noah, described in the Pratisarga episode of Bhavisya Purana. According to scholars, the 'Pratisargaparva' portion of the Bhavishya Purana is considered a projected addition of the eighteenth or nineteenth century.[68] Moriz Winternitz says that the texts which have come down to us under the title Bhavisya Purana, are undoubtedly not the ancient works of the original Bhavisya Purana quoted in the "Apastambiya Dharmasutra".[69] [70] As Gustav Glaser has shown, the surviving manuscripts of the Bhavisya Purana are neither ancient nor medieval versions of the original Bhavisya Purana. The author of this episode is believed to know both the English Bible and Arabic Islamic texts, but many of the words used here are derived from Arabic words and names, not from English sources.

The presence of Arabic words suggests that the corresponding portion of Bhavisya Purana was written well after the fourteenth century and must have been composed after the rise of the Mughal Empire and the availability of Arabic sources in India.[71] This episode has therefore led many scholars to question the acceptability of the "Bhavishya Puranas" and that these Puranas are not accepted as authentic scriptures. In this Purana there are more uses of such words including ``Sante (from Sunday), Farbari (from February), Sixty (from Sixty).[72]

In the book "Satyarth Prakash", Dayanad Saraswati also rejected the claim of the mention of Muhammad in Atharvaveda, and he criticised the mention of Muhammad in Allopanishad calling it as a later fabrication to please Akbar.[73]

The Bangladeshi wing of the organisation Agniveer extremely criticised the concepts of the book and the writer and they claimed that the writer doesn't exist in reality because his academic records are not found anywhere in Bengali.[74] [75]

Muslim views

Indian Islamic preacher Zakir Naik deliderately mentioned extensive references from this book along with mentioning the writer Ved Prakash's name in his various writings.[76]

Pakistani former high commissioner Afrasiab Mehdi Hashmi discussed the book in his writing.[15] Besides renowned international writers like Ali Unal,[27] Shams Naved Usmani,[77] Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood[78] and Danial Zainal Abidin,[28] Ali Goma,[79] Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri,[80] Sami Amri,[81] Nihat Hatipoğlu[82] etc. discussed and praised the book.

Ziaur Rahman Azmi in his book "Dirasat fil Yahudiyat wal Masihiyat Wal Adianil Hind" (دراست في اليوديه والمسيحيه واديان الحند, Studies on Judaism, Christianity and Indian Religions) stated that, although most of the mainstream Muslim scholars do not regard Hindu scriptures as divine scriptures revealed from God rather than man-made Aryan literature, there may be three reasons behind the "possible" inclusion of Islamic prophecies in Hinduism.[16] First one is,

  1. The period of the Indo-Aryan Migration was during the time of the Islamic prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), during which another prophet may have come to India, under whose direction these prophecies are included.
  2. Or what many Hindus say, Rigveda is copied from Torah.
  3. Another view is that, according to Sultan Mubin, professor of Sanskrit at Shibli National College, Azamgarh, they are fabrications and later Hindu additions, incorporated by Hindus to please Muslim rulers, such as the Kalki Purana and the Bhavishya Purana, which contain many prophecies on Islamic matters.[16] Azmi argues in support of this view that most of the Hindu scriptures were translated into Arabic in Bayt Al-Hiqmah during the reign of the Caliph Mamun bin al-Rashid, but even then, no author of that time mentioned anything of these prophecies in any of these books. For example, India by al-Biruni ("تحقيق ما للهند من مقولة مقبولة في العقل أو مرذولة", Taḥqīq mā li-l-hind min maqūla maqbūla fī l-ʿaql aw mardhūla, A Critical Study of Indian Doctrines, Whether Rationally Acceptable or Not) and the Arabic translations of two other Hindu scriptures. Regarding the translations, none of which said anything about these prophecies.[16]

Azmi himself supported the third view.[16] Azmi Also said that, some Hindus including the founder of Arya Samaj Dayananda Saraswati and his followers also consider these to be fabrications. Besides, regarding the author of the book, Ved Prakash Upadhyay, Azmi said that although he claimed the verification of these prophecies in this book, he himself did not convert to Islam, as Azmi describes 5 positions of Hindu scholars regarding these descriptions:[16]

  1. Many of them say that these good news are related to their religious leaders and great people.
  2. Others believe that the person to whom this good news is addressed will appear in the last days.
  3. Many consider these to be fabrications. Eg: Dayananda Saraswati and his followers.
  4. Some consider these to be true; But they did not accept Islam. Such as Ved Prakash Upadhyay and Ramesh Prasad.
  5. Many others accepted the truth of these and wished to accept Islam, but did not do so for fear of losing their lives or leadership. Among them, those who accepted Islam and publicly declared it, had to face many dangers, had to bear the beatings, abuse and torture of the natives. Those who escaped were freed from it; And those who were under them, their fate was miserable.
  6. Many of them again adopt the policy of keeping quiet about this. When Azmi wrote letters to many people in India and sent these details to present them in front of Hindu researchers and professors, they replied to Azmi that they did not want to talk about this if these were presented in front of those professors.[83] [84]

Bangladeshi Islamic scholar Abubakar Muhammad Zakaria, who has conducted advanced research and studies on Hinduism at the Islamic University of Madinah in Saudi Arabia, said about the book in his book Hinduism wa tasur bad al firaq al islamiat biha (Hinduism and some Islamic groups influenced by it) that, Zakaria also criticized the book, saying that Narasangsha is described in verse 127 of the 20th volume of the Atharveda as Kalki which is not the main body of the Atharvaveda, he said that it is an anticipatory portion (Prakshipta Angsha or later interpolation) and subsequent connections, and said that prophecies of Muhammad in Hindu scriptures were used by Hindus to make their scriptures acceptable to Muslims, which is a clever attempt, beginning with Akbar's reign to flatter Emperor Akbar by writing the Allopanishad, he claims that the Bhavishya Purana is completely fabricated and man-made with Hindu references. He says that Hinduism has a habit of adding everything in its religion they got outside in the name of their own religion fabricatedly to attract people to come into their religion, this is also a result of that. In addition, all Hindu scriptures, including the Vedas, are claimed to be adaptations of the beliefs of the migrated Japhethite Aryans (Zoroastrians and Rigvedians), indigenous Hemite Dravidians, and other Indo-European classical mythologies along with the influence of monotheism taken from Avestan concept of Ahura Mazda influenced by tha geographically adjacent Arabian Semitic people, as he claimed that, ancient Dravidian Indians were the descendant of Ham, one of the sons of Noah, and the Aryans were the descendants of Japheth, another of the three remained sons of Noah after the Biblical great flood, and says that since the Hindu texts do not "truly" contain the original Abrahamic monotheism of God or Allah, it is in neither consistent with the original tenets of Islam, nor these are original divine books, rather the pagan Advaita Vedanta philosophy, which developed the concept of Wahdat al-Wujud or Sufism arose in the name of Islam. And as Hinduism established itself as a conformist and syncretistic doctrine from the Islamic point of view, he claimed that, all Hindu scriptures are not inspired but man-made Aryan literature and the theory that this book attributed Kalki to Muhammad was a false and deceitful attempt.[85] [86] [87]

Other works

Upaddhyay published 15 research and original books.[12] [11] Those include:

References

Works cited

Notes and References

  1. News: संस्कृत के विद्वान डॉ. वेदप्रकाश 24 जून को पहुंचेंगे पंचकूला, 60 से अधिक विद्यार्थियों को करवा चुके पीएचडी - mobile . 21 July 2023 . . 22 June 2022.
  2. Web site: @shrivarakhedi, Hon'ble VC, CSU congrats dr. Ved Prakash Upadhyay on achieving Sanskrit - Mahamahopadhyay (27-05-2022, Prayagraj) and First and Highest Award of Haryana Government (2022). . Twitter . Central Sanskrit University twitter page . 2 August 2023 . en . 28 May 2022 .
  3. Web site: Authority – Vaidika Sanshodhana Mandala . 2 August 2023 . Prof. Dr. Ved Prakash Upadhyaya Present Chairman, (Adarsha Sanskrit Shodha Samstha) Rashtrapatisammanita, Mahamahopadhyaya MA (Double), DPhil, DLitt, Acharya (Triple). Dip. in German & Persian UGC Professor Emeritus, Shastrachudamani Ex. Professor & Chairman : Panjab University, Chandigarh Ex. Chairman : Himachal Pradesh Adarsh Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya Jangla, Rohru, Shimla (HP) (Nominated by HRD Ministry, Govt. of India) Gold Medalist (Punjab, Varanasi, Calcutta) Recipient of Various National & International Awards . 21 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230721014820/https://www.dheemahi.in/?page_id=505 . dead .
  4. Book: Saṁskṛtavimarśaḥ . 2013 . . 21 July 2023 . hi.
  5. Book: Srivastava . Ram Pal . अवतारवाद - एक नई दृष्टि . Sankalp Publication . 978-93-91173-57-9 . 192 . hi.
  6. Book: Bhartiya . Bhawanilal . Ārya lekhaka kośa: Āryasamāja tathā r̥shi Dayānanda vishayaka lekhana se juṛe sahastrādhika lekhakoṃ ke jīvana evaṃ kāryavr̥tta kā vistr̥ta vivaraṇa . 1991 . Dayānanda Adhyayana Saṃsthāna . 21 July 2023 . hi.
  7. Book: Jaipuria . Pt Gopal Sharma & Dr Sewaram . The Wonders of Loshu-Grid . 6 May 2023 . Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd . 978-93-5684-641-8 . 26 September 2023 . en.
  8. Book: Gupta . Raj . A critical and comparative study of Dattakamimamsa of Nanda Pandita and Dattakacandrika of Raghumani Vidyabhusana . 31 December 1984 . Shodhganga@INFLIBNET . 26 September 2023.
  9. News: डा वेद प्रकाश उपाध्याय और डा जगदीश प्रसाद सेमवाल को संस्कृत साहित्य अलंकार सम्मान - Ved Prakash Upadhyay and Jagdish Prasad Semwal award for Sanskrit literature . 21 July 2023 . . 24 April 2021.
  10. News: Sahitya Ratna Awards announced . 21 July 2023 . . 4 December 2020.
  11. News: डॉ वेद प्रकाश उपाध्याय को मिलेगा राष्ट्रपति सम्मान-2018. 20 August 2018. khaskhabar. 10 August 2019.
  12. News: डॉ. वेद प्रकाश उपाध्याय को राष्टऊपति सम्मान. 9 April 2019. aggarjanpatrika.com. 10 August 2019.
  13. Web site: Presidential Awards Scheme . . 21 July 2023.
  14. Web site: Authority – Vaidika Sanshodhana Mandala . 21 August 2023 . 21 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230721014820/https://www.dheemahi.in/?page_id=505 . dead .
  15. Book: Malik . Dr Ahmad . Afrasiab Mehdi Hashmi Qureshi . Mehdi Hashmi Qureshi . Afrasiab . END TIMES (What could happen in the world tomorrow) . 1 January 2022 . (Center for Global and Strategic Studies, Islamabad) . 13, 274, 275. 9789699837142 . 1 September 2022.
  16. الحافي . د عمر . البصول . السيد علي . البشارات بنبؤة محمد في الكتب الهندوسية المقدسة . The Jordanian Journal of Islamic Studies . 24 June 2010 . 9 . 1 . 2, 12 . 2 September 2022 . Al al-Bayt University.
  17. Web site: Muhammad in Hindu scriptures. 2014-11-06. Milli Gazette. https://web.archive.org/web/20190107013447/http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2005/01-15Feb05-Print-Edition/011502200574.htm. 2019-01-07. dead.
  18. Book: The common bases for Hindu-Muslim dialogue. Maulana Waris Mazhari (Translated from Urdu by Yoginder Sikand) . 5 May 2010 . Twocircles.net. 1 September 2022.
  19. News: Prophet Muhammad in Hindu Scriptures . 1 September 2022 . Milli Gazette.
  20. Web site: Handrik Alim . Mashuri . Kalki Awatara Dalam Perspektif Dr. Pandit Ved Prakash Upaddhay Dalam Buku Muhammad in the Hindu Scriptures . . 1 September 2022 . en . 11 December 2020.
  21. Hafiz Muhammad Naeem, Associate Professor/Chairperson, Department of Arabic & Islamic Studies, Government College University, Lahore. محمدﷺ بحیثیت خاتم النبین: پنڈت وید پرکاش اپادھیائے کی تحقیقات کا مطالعہ: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as the Final Messenger: A Critical Analysis of Pandit Ved Prakash Upaddhya's point of view . Al-Idrak Journal . 17 June 2022 . 2 . 1 . 176− 192 . en . 2789-3227.
  22. روحانی . ‌سید‌محمد . جایگاه و کارکرد منجی‌ موعود هندو در متون پورانه‌ . Noormags. انتظار موعود . 1 April 1397 . 61 . 18 . 129–151 . 1 September 2022 . fa.
  23. Book: Sikand . Yoginder . Pseudo-messianic movements in contemporary Muslim South Asia . 2008 . Global Media Publications . 9788188869282 . 10 August 2019 . en.
  24. Book: Indian Journal of Secularism: IJS : a Journal of Centre for Study of Society & Secularism . 2005 . The Centre . 10 August 2019 . en.
  25. Book: Sikand . Yoginder . Muslims in India Since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations . 2004 . Routledge . 9781134378258 . 10 August 2019 . en.
  26. Book: Minda Muslim Super . 2008 . PTS Millennia . 9789833603190 . 26 October 2019 . ms.
  27. Book: Unal . Ali . Gultekin . Harun . The Prophet Promised in World Scriptures . 2013 . Tughra Books . 9781597848237 . 10 August 2019 . en.
  28. Book: Abidin . Danial Zainal . Islam the Misunderstood Religion . 2007 . PTS Millennia . 9789833604807 . 93 . 10 August 2019 . en.
  29. Book: Bukti-bukti sains dan sejarah kerasulan Muhammad . 2007 . PTS Litera Utama . 9789833604531 . 26 October 2019 . ms.
  30. Book: Abedin . Mohammad Zainal . Mānabatāra diśārī . 1966 . 22 . 1 . 26 October 2019 . bn.
  31. Book: Srivastav . M.A. . Hazrat Muhammad (Pbuh) n Bharatiya Dharma Grantha Prophets And Messengers In Islam Muhammad . 25 October 2019 . en.
  32. Book: Mehar . Iftikhar Ahmed . Al-Islam . 2003 . AL-ISLAM . 9781410732729 . 200 . 23 October 2019 . en.
  33. Web site: Ved Prakash Upaddhayaya . Ashit Kumar Bandhopaddhayaya . Muhammad Alamgir . Muhammad in the Vedas and the Puranas . scholar.google.com . AS Noordeen . 22 October 2019 . 1998.
  34. Book: Sabjan . Muhammad Azizan . The People of the Book and the People of the Dubious Book (Penerbit USM) . 2008 . Penerbit USM . 978-983-861-853-3 . 8 September 2023 . en.
  35. News: ब्यूरो . उगता भारत . क्या वेदों में मुहम्मद साहिब का वर्णन नराशंस के रूप में मिलता है? (Is Muhammad Sahib described as Narashana in the Vedas?). 8 September 2023 . . 20 May 2023 . hi-IN.
  36. Book: Azmi. Ziaur Rahman. Ziaur Rahman Azmi. دراسات في اليهودية والمسيحية وأديان الهند والبشارات في كتب الهندوس (Studies in Judaism, Christianity, Indian religions, and glad tidings in Hindu books) . 2008. Maqtabur Rushd. 703–708. 14 August 2022. ar.
  37. Web site: Handrik Alim . Mashuri . Kalki Awatara Dalam Perspektif Dr. Pandit Ved Prakash Upaddhay Dalam Buku Muhammad in the Hindu Scriptures . . 1 September 2022 . en . 11 December 2020.
  38. Book: Srivastava . Ram Pal . अवतारवाद - एक नई दृष्टि . Sankalp Publication . 978-93-91173-57-9 . 177 . 29 July 2023 . hi.
  39. Book: Mañjula . Rasika Bihārī . Bhārata bhavānī: Karagila yuddha se juṛī kucha kavitāyeṃ . 2000 . Ravim Prakāśana . 176 . 29 July 2023 . hi.
  40. Book: المصرية) . علي جمعة محمد (مفتي الديار . اعرف نبيك: صلى الله عليه وسلم . 1 January 2010 . Nahdet Misr Publishing Group . 978-977-14-2365-2 . 27 . 29 July 2023 . ar.
  41. Book: نقطه نظر . 2005 . انسٹى ٹيوٹ آف پاليسى اسٹڈيز، . 29 July 2023 . ur.
  42. News: Talib . Tariq Mahmoud . Kalki Avtar - Investigative Urdu Article: بھارت کے پنڈت وید پرکاش اپادھیائے نے اپنی کتاب "کلکی اوتار" میں تصدیق کی ہے کہ ہندو اپنی مذہبی کتابوں کے مطابق جس اوتارکا انتظار کررہے ہیں وہ رسولﷺ ہی ہیں (India's Pandit Ved Prakash Upadhyay has confirmed in his book "Kalki Avatar" that according to their religious books, the avatar that Hindus are waiting for is the Prophet.) . 29 July 2023 . . 8 January 2010 . en.
  43. News: Hamza . Ameer . ختمِ نبوت اور وزیراعظم و آرمی چیف کی مساعی جمیلہ (End of Prophethood and efforts of Prime Minister and Army Chief Jamila) . 29 July 2023 . . 11 October 2019 . en.
  44. News: Asmae . Sarwat Jamal . ہندومَت میں جگت گرو، محمد عربی ﷺ کی آمد کی بشارتیں (The tidings of the arrival of the "Jagat Guru", Muhammad in Hinduism Arabi) . 29 July 2023 . . 31 October 2021.
  45. News: غیر مسلموںتک مذہب اسلام کا پیغام پہچانے اسلامی کتابوں کی مفت تقسیم وقت کا اہم ترین تقاضہ (Free distribution of Islamic books" is the most important requirement of the time to make the message of Islam known to non-Muslims) . 29 July 2023 . Siasat Daily Urdu Archive . 6 January 2014.
  46. News: پیارے رسول ﷺ کی عظمت : سب سے عظیم تر (The greatness of the beloved Prophet ﷺ: The greatest) . 30 July 2023 . . 11 August 2017 . en.
  47. News: Khan . Zehad . মুহাম্মদ সা: প্রশংসিত (Muhammad (saw) praised) . 30 July 2023 . . 27 June 2022 . bn.
  48. News: Murtaza) . Muhammad . পশু উৎসর্গে সব ধর্মের ঐক্য (Unity of all the religions in sacrificing animals) . 30 July 2023 . . July 2020.
  49. অভ্রান্ত বৈদিক শাস্ত্রের আলোকে কল্কি অবতার
    -2019 (Bangla) Publisher: Shri Charu Chandra Das Brahmachari; Written, compiled and edited by: Pranayakumar Pal and Subhashish Dutta; Publications: Amrited Sandhane (in search of nectar) (Bangladeshi window of Back to Godhead) Publication.
  50. ২০১৬ সালের ম্যাগাজিন – Amriter Sandhane . Amriter Sandhane (Bangladeshi Wing of Back to Godhead) . 2016 . January–March 2016 . 18–23 . 13 September 2023.
  51. ২০১৬ সালের ম্যাগাজিন – Amriter Sandhane . Amriter Sandhane (Bangladeshi Wing of Back to Godhead) . 2016 . October–December 2016 . 29 . 13 September 2023.
  52. Book: Hinduism & Islam: The Common Thread (Sri Sri Ravi Shankar) (2002) [Kindle edition] ]. 2002 . Santa Barbara, CA: Art of Living Foundation USA . 20 . The Prophet Mohammed and His Appearance in Vedic Literature The Vedic text Bhavishya Purana (Parva 3, Khand 3, Adya 3, texts 5-6) predicts the appearance of Mohammed. Therein it states: "An illiterate teacher will appear, Mohammed is his name, and he will give religion to the people of the desert.".
  53. News: Holy books of Hindus predicted about Mohammed (pbuh): Sri Sri Ravi Shankar . 13 September 2023 . The Siasat Daily – Archive . 13 November 2017.
  54. Kalki Avatar and Muhammad Sahib - Publisher: Islami Sahitya Prakshanalaya.
  55. Bhavishya Purana, 3.21.11-12
  56. Web site: Newar. Sanjeev. 2009-12-24. en-US. Prophet in Hindu Scriptures – Bhavishya Puran (Part 2). 2022-09-23. Agniveer.
  57. For quotations see: Ramanujan, A. K., "Folk Mythologies and " in: Doniger
  58. For quotation describing the Pratisargaparvan as "practically a new work" see: Hazra, Rajendra Chandra, "", in: Radhakrishnan (CHI, 1962), volume 2, p. 263.
  59. Dr. Tulshiram Sharma (London UK.); Atharvaveda (English language); Publisher- Vijaykumar Govindram Hasanand
  60. Web site: Newar. Sanjeev. 2009-12-24. en-US. Prophet in Hindu Scriptures – An analysis (Part 1). 2022-09-23. Agniveer.
  61. "Ovranto Boidik Shastrer Alokey Kolki Obotar" (অভ্রান্ত বৈদিক শাস্ত্রের আলোকে কল্কি অবতার, Kalki Avatar in the Light of Inerrant Vedic Scriptures) (2019)
    Publisher: Shri Charu Chandra Das Brahmachari; Written, compiled and edited by: Pranayakumar Pal and Subhashish Dutta; Publications: Amriter Shandhane Prakashani (Bangladeshi window of Back to Godhead); First release - 2019.
  62. http://www.vedabase.net/bg/8/17/en1 B-Gita 8.17
  63. Book: The Sanskrit Epics. J. L. Brockington. 1998. BRILL Academic. 287–288 with footnotes 126–127. 90-04-10260-4.
  64. Web site: Bangladict.com - অভিধানে 'মতি' এর অর্থ. 2022-07-01. www.bangladict.com.
  65. Book: Encyclopedia of Arabic language and linguistics, Volume 4. 2008. Brill. 513. 978-90-04-14476-7. Illustrated. Versteegh, Kees. C.H.M. Versteegh. Kees Versteegh.
  66. Web site: 2016-04-22. bn. মহানবী (সা.)-এর জন্ম তারিখ নিয়ে ঐতিহাসিকদের অভিমত কালের কণ্ঠ. 2022-06-30. Kalerkantho.
  67. [Kalki Purana]
  68. Book: Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics. Alf Hiltebeitel. 1999. University of Chicago Press. 217–218. 978-0-226-34050-0.
  69. For statement that the extant text is not the ancient work, see: Winternitz, volume 1, p. 567.
  70. For the quotation in attributed to the not extant today, see: Winternitz, volume 1, p. 519.
  71. Book: Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics. Alf Hiltebeitel. 1999. University of Chicago Press. 274–277. 978-0-226-34050-0.
  72. Münchener Indologische Studien vol. 5 by Adam Hohenberger, Helmut Hoffmann. Glaesser. Gustav. 1969. Review of Das Bhaviṣyapurāṇa . 511–513. 29755461.
  73. Book: Dayananda Sarasvati . Swami . An English translation of the Satyarth Prakash; literally, Expose of right sense (of Vedic religion) of Maharshi Swami Dayanand Saraswati, 'The Luther of India,' being a guide to Vedic hermeneutics . 1908 . Lahore : Virganand Press . 588 . 16 September 2023.
  74. Web site: অথর্ববেদের কুন্তাপ সূক্তে ইসলামের নবী: চাঁদে সাঈদীর দর্শন . Bangladesh Agniveer . 16 September 2023 . en . 5 March 2018.
  75. Web site: কল্কি অবতার ই কি নবী মুহাম্মদ? . Bangladesh Agniveer . 16 September 2023 . 9 July 2020 . en.
  76. Book: Naik . Zakir . Zakir Naik . Similarities Between Hinduism & Islam . 2007 . Adam Publishers & Distributors . 978-81-7435-567-6 . 33–43, 80 . 28 July 2023 . en.
  77. Book: ʻUs̲mānī . Shams Navīd . Agar ab bhī nah jāge tau-- . 1989 . Raushnī Pablishing Hāʼūs . 132 . 29 July 2023 . ur.
  78. Book: بشىر . محمود، سلطان . کتاب زندگى: قرآن حکىم کى سائنسى تفسىر : سورة الفاتحه، سورة البقرة . 2003 . القرآن الحکىم رىسر چ فاؤنڈىشن، . 29 July 2023 . ur.
  79. Book: المصرية) . علي جمعة محمد (مفتي الديار . اعرف نبيك: صلى الله عليه وسلم . 1 January 2010 . Nahdet Misr Publishing Group . 978-977-14-2365-2 . 27 . 26 September 2023 . ar.
  80. Book: الرحمن . مباركفوري، صفي . و انك لعلى خلق عظيم 1 . 2006 . الدار الاسلامية للطباعة والنشر . 978-977-6195-00-4 . 374 . 26 September 2023 . ar.
  81. Book: عامري . سامي . محمد رسول الله فى الكتب المقدسة : عند النصارى و اليهود و الهندوس و الصابئة و البوذيين و المجوس . 2006 . منظمة الاسلاميةللعلوم الطبية . 978-977-289-127-6 . 420–427 . 26 September 2023 . ar.
  82. News: Nihat Hatipoğlu Hinduları Müslüman ilan etti . 26 September 2023 . . 20 December 2019 . tr-TR.
  83. Book: الرحمن . أعظمى، محمد ضياء . دراسات في اليهودية والمسيحية وأديان الهند . 2001 . مكتبة الرشد، . 703–708 . 14 August 2022 . ar.
  84. Book: الرحمن . أعظمى، محمد ضياء . دراسات في اليهودية والمسيحية وأديان الهند والبشارات في كتب الهندوس . 2008 . مكتبة الرشد، . 703–708 . 14 August 2022. ar.
  85. Book: الهندوسية وتأثر بعض الفرق الاسلامية بها . 2016 . Dār al-Awrāq al-Thaqāfīyah . 978-603-90755-6-1 . 17, 63, 95–96, 102, 156, 188–189, 554–558, 698–99, 825, 870–890, 990–991, 1067–1068, 1071, 1159 . 28 July 2023 . ar.
  86. Web site: প্রশ্ন : হিন্দু ধর্মে ভবিষ্যৎবাণী কোথায় থেকে আসলো? শাইখ প্রফেসর ড. আবু বকর মুহাম্মাদ যাকারিয়া (Question: Where did prophecy come from in Hinduism? Sheikh Professor Dr. Abu Bakar Muhammad Zakaria) . Abubakar Muhammad Zakaria's YouTube page. 15 January 2021.
  87. Web site: হিন্দু ধর্ম গ্রন্থে মুহাম্মাদ ﷺ এর নাম কেন? শায়খ ড. আবু বকর মুহাম্মাদ যাকারিয়া হাফিজাহুল্লাহ (Why is the name of Muhammad ﷺ in Hindu scriptures? Sheikh Dr. Abu Bakr Muhammad Zakaria Hafizahullah) . . 26 September 2023 . en . 31 July 2023.
  88. News: A Hindu view of Islam. M. Zeyaul . Haque. 21 July 2023 . .
  89. Book: Tripāṭhī . Pratibhā . Aparādha evaṃ daṇḍa: smr̥tiyoṃ evam dharmasūtroṃ ke pariprekshya meṃ . 1993 . Rākā Prakāśana . 30 July 2023 . hi.
  90. Book: Agnihotri . Dr Brijendra . Hindi Sahitya Ka Nikash . 21 December 2021 . Book Rivers . 978-93-5515-098-1 . 422 . 30 July 2023 . hi.

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