| Honorific-Prefix: | His Holiness, National Hero of Armenia |
| Vazgen / Vazken I | |
| Honorific-Suffix: | Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians |
| Enthroned: | 1955 |
| Ended: | 1994 |
| Church: | Armenian Apostolic Church |
| See: | Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin |
| Predecessor: | George VI |
| Successor: | Karekin I |
| Birth Name: | Levon Garabed Baljian |
| Birth Date: | 1908 9, mf=yes |
| Birth Place: | Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania |
| Death Date: | (aged 85) |
| Death Place: | Yerevan, Armenia |
| Buried: | Mother Cathedral of Holy Etchmiadzin |
Vazgen I also Vazken I of Bucharest, born Levon Garabed Baljian (Armenian: Լևոն Կարապետ Աբրահամի Պալճյան; September 20, 1908 – August 18, 1994)[1] was the Catholicos of All Armenians between 1955 and 1994, for a total of 39 years, the 4th longest reign in the history of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
A native of Romania, he began his career as a philosopher, before becoming a Doctor of Theology and a member of the local Armenian clergy. The leader of the Armenian Apostolic Church hierarchy in Romania, he became Catholicos in 1955, moving to Soviet Armenia. Vazgen I led the Armenian Church during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and was the first Catholicos in newly independent Armenia.
Vazgen was born in Bucharest to a family belonging to the Armenian-Romanian community. His father was a shoemaker and his mother was a schoolteacher. The young Levon Baljian did not initially pursue the Church as a profession, instead graduating from the University of Bucharest's Faculty of Philosophy and Letters. After graduation, he became a philosopher and published a series of scholarly articles.
As his interests began to shift from philosophy to theology, Baljian studied Armenian Apostolic Theology and Divinity in Athens, Greece. He eventually gained the title of vardapet, an ecclesiastical rank for learned preachers and teachers in the Armenian Apostolic Church roughly equivalent to receiving a doctorate in theology. In the 1940s, he became a bishop, and then the arajnord (leader) of the Armenian Apostolic Church in Romania.
His rise through the hierarchy of the Church culminated in 1955 when, on September 30, 1955, he was elected Catholicos of All Armenians, becoming one of the youngest Catholicoi in the history of the Armenian Apostolic Church. He reigned until his death in 1994. During his long time as Catholicos, he managed to assert some independence for his church in face of the Soviet rule in the Armenian SSR, and lived to see religious freedom restored under Armenia's national government in 1991.
From then on, he was busy renewing ancient Armenian churches and reviving institutions of the church. He saved a number of church treasures by establishing the Alex Manoogian Museum of the Mother Church. Vazgen intensified contacts with the Armenian Catholic Church, with the aim of reuniting both wings of Armenian Christianity.
He died at his residence in Yerevan on August 18, 1994, after a long illness from cancer.[2]